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  • Android 4 学习(18):搜索

    参考《Professional Android 4 Development

     

    搜索

    通过下面这几种方式可以给应用程序添加搜索功能:

    • Search Bar

    • Search View

    • Quick Search Box

    可搜索的Content Provider

    首先,要在res./xml目录下创建一个xml文件,例如:

     

    <?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>
      <searchable xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android” android:label=”@string/app_name” android:hint=”@string/search_hint”>
    </searchable>

     

    其中,Label一般是应用程序的名称。

     

    为应用程序创建Search Activity

     

    Search Activity和普通的Activity不同,它是一直在back stack的栈顶,每次有新的search activity创建时,不会有将其简单的入栈,因为用户是不会希望按返回键时返回自己前面的查询结果。为了表明该Activity可以被搜索,需要将android.intent.action.SEARCH加入到自己的Intent Filter中,同时需要将前面创建的searchablexml文件加到meta-data标签中:

     

    <activity android:name=”.DatabaseSkeletonSearchActivity” android:label=”Element Search” android:launchMode=”singleTop”>
      <intent-filter>
        <action android:name=”android.intent.action.SEARCH” />
        <category android:name=”android.intent.category.DEFAULT” />
      </intent-filter>
      <meta-data android:name=”android.app.searchable” android:resource=”@xml/searchable” />
    </activity>

     

    用户进行搜索后,可以在搜索结果中继续搜索,而这种操作会生成新的Intent,而这些Intent可以通过onNewIntent handler来处理:

     

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      // Get the launch Intent
      parseIntent(getIntent());
    }
    @Override
    protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
      super.onNewIntent(intent);
      parseIntent(getIntent());
    }
    private void parseIntent(Intent intent) {
      // If the Activity was started to service a Search request, extract the search query.
      if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
        String searchQuery = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
        // Perform the search
        performSearch(searchQuery);
      }
    }

     

    设置默认的Serach Provider

    在应用程序中,最好设置一个Activity,让所有的搜索结果都从这个Activity中出来,设置方法也简单,将下面的配置加到程序配置中就可以了:

     

    <meta-data android:name=”android.app.default_searchable” android:value=”.DatabaseSkeletonSearchActivity” />

     

    使用Cursor LoaderSearch Activity示例

    import android.app.ListActivity;
    import android.app.LoaderManager;
    import android.app.SearchManager;
    import android.content.ContentUris;
    import android.content.CursorLoader;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.Loader;
    import android.database.Cursor;
    import android.net.Uri;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
    public class DatabaseSkeletonSearchActivity extends ListActivity implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
      private static String QUERY_EXTRA_KEY = “QUERY_EXTRA_KEY”;
      private SimpleCursorAdapter adapter;
      @Override
      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // Create a new adapter and bind it to the List View
        adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, null, new String[] { MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME }, new int[] { android.R.id.text1 }, 0);
        setListAdapter(adapter);
        // Initiate the Cursor Loader
        getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
        // Get the launch Intent
        parseIntent(getIntent());
      }
      @Override
      protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
        super.onNewIntent(intent);
        parseIntent(getIntent());
      }
      private void parseIntent(Intent intent) {
        // If the Activity was started to service a Search request, extract the search query.
        if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
          String searchQuery = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
          // Perform the search
          performSearch(searchQuery);
        }
      }
      // Execute the search.
      private void performSearch(String query) {
        // Pass the search query as an argument to the Cursor Loader
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(QUERY_EXTRA_KEY, query);
        // Restart the Cursor Loader to execute the new query.
        getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, args, this);
      }
      public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
        String query = “0”;
        // Extract the search query from the arguments.
        if (args != null)
          query = args.getString(QUERY_EXTRA_KEY);
        // Construct the new query in the form of a Cursor Loader.
        String[] projection = {MyContentProvider.KEY_ID, MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME};
        String where = MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME + “ LIKE ”%” + query + “%””;
        String[] whereArgs = null;
        String sortOrder = MyContentProvider.KEY_COLUMN_1_NAME + “ COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC”;
        // Create the new Cursor loader.
        return new CursorLoader(this, MyContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, projection, where, whereArgs, sortOrder);
      }
      public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor cursor) {
        // Replace the result Cursor displayed by the Cursor Adapter with the new result set.
        adapter.swapCursor(cursor);
      }
      public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
        // Remove the existing result Cursor from the List Adapter.
        adapter.swapCursor(null);
      }
    }

    大部分情况下,我们需要响应对搜索结果的click事件,因此需要重写onListItemClick方法:

     

    @Override
    protected void onListItemClick(ListView listView, View view, int position, long id) {
      super.onListItemClick(listView, view, position, id);
      // Create a URI to the selected item.
      Uri selectedUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MyContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, id);
      // Create an Intent to view the selected item.
      Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
      intent.setData(selectedUri);
      // Start an Activity to view the selected item.
      startActivity(intent);
    }

     

    使用Search View Widget

    Android 3.0后推出了Search View Widget以替代Search Activity。将Search View绑定到searchable activity中,首先要获取searchableInfo

     

    // Use the Search Manager to find the SearchableInfo related  to this Activity.
    SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager)getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
    SearchableInfo searchableInfo = searchManager.getSearchableInfo(getComponentName());
    // Bind the Activity’s SearchableInfo to the Search View
    SearchView searchView = (SearchView)findViewById(R.id.searchView);
    searchView.setSearchableInfo(searchableInfo);

     

    本地Android Content Provider

    Android中提供了一些本地的Content Provider,包括下面这些:

    • Media Store
    • Browser
    • Contacts Contract
    • Calendar
    • Call Log

    使用Media Store Content Provider

    MediaStore类有AudioVideoImage子类,这些子类又有含有uri信息的子类。每个子类中uri信息是这么存储的:

    • MediaStore.<mediatype>.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
    • MediaStore.<mediatype>.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

    下面是一个示例:

    // Get a Cursor over every piece of audio on the external volume,
    // extracting the song title and album name.
    String[] projection = new String[] {
      MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM,
      MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.TITLE
    };
    Uri contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contentUri, projection, null, null, null);
    // Get the index of the columns we need.
    int albumIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM);
    int titleIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.TITLE);
    // Create an array to store the result set.
    String[] result = new String[cursor.getCount()];
    // Iterate over the Cursor, extracting each album name and song title.
    while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
      // Extract the song title.
      String title = cursor.getString(titleIdx);
      // Extract the album name.
      String album = cursor.getString(albumIdx);
      result[cursor.getPosition()] = title + “ (“ + album + “)”;
    }
    // Close the Cursor.
    cursor.close();

    使用Contacts Contract Content Provider

    Contacts Contract Provider使用三层模型存储数据:

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jubincn/p/3521406.html
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