1、HTTPclient插件的安装
- 在maven项目的pom.xml中引用HTTPclient包,如下
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 添加完后,maven项目会自动加载相关依赖包
2、不携带cookie的get请求
package com.course.httpclient.Demo;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MyHttpClient {
@Test
public void test1() throws IOException{
//用来存放测试结果
String result;
//创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
//创建一个client对象,是用来执行get方法的
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
//用客户端执行get实例,并把响应结果保存在response对象中
HttpResponse response =client.execute(get);
//response.getEntity()用来获取整个响应的实例,即获取整个响应内容
//EntityUtils对象是org.apache.http.util下的一个工具类,用官方的解释是为HttpEntity对象提供的静态帮助类
//把响应内容转成字符串,转换时使用编码为utf-8
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
}
3、携带cookie的get请求
package com.course.httpclient.Cookies;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class MyCookiesForGet {
private String url;
private ResourceBundle bundle;
private HttpClientContext context;
private CloseableHttpClient client;
@BeforeTest
public void beforeTest(){
/* ResourceBundle工具类,默认获取properties配置文件,因而这里只需写配置文件名即可,不需写后缀
这里获取配置文件application,因为是在resource下,所以直接写配置文件名即可,不需加路径,
若配置文件不在resource下,则此处需要写上相对于resource的相对路径,注:这里需要加字符编码,如中文编码Locale.CHINA*/
//成员属性,赋值时可以拿来直接赋值,该赋值是全局性的
bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("application", Locale.CHINA);
//通过工具类里的getString方法,获取配置文件里相应的键对应的值,这里获取test.url的值,获取成功时,相应配置文件里的键会变颜色,如黄色
//这里给本类的成员属性赋值
url = bundle.getString("test.url");
}
@Test
public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
//用来存放测试结果
String result;
//从配置文件中拼接测试的url;this,表示当前对象,this.url表示引用本类的成员属性url,引用成功时,属性颜色会变化
String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
String testUrl = this.url+uri;
//创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
// 全局请求设置,用于获取cookie并携带cookie
RequestConfig globalConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD).build();
//实例化一个cookie存储对象
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
// 创建HttpClient上下文
context = HttpClientContext.create();
context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
//创建一个client对象(客户端),是用来执行get方法的,获取cookie并把cookie存放在全局请求设置中,如有的话
//静态方法,即类方法,可以不创建对象,直接引用
client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(globalConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
//用客户端执行get实例,并把响应结果保存在response对象中,同时把cookie等信息存放在context上下文中
HttpResponse response =client.execute(get,context);
//response.getEntity()用来获取整个响应的实例,即获取整个响应内容
//EntityUtils对象是org.apache.http.util下的一个工具类,用官方的解释是为HttpEntity对象提供的静态帮助类
//把响应内容转成字符串,转换时使用编码为utf-8
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
//获取获取cookieStore对象中的cookies信息,并保存在对象列表中
//List<类名> 对象名:申明一个对象列表,用来存储多个对象,其中的数据存储在相应对象的方法中
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
//将cookie信息遍历出来,并保存在cookie对象中,即将对象列表中的对象遍历出来
for (Cookie cookie : cookies){
String name =cookie.getName(); //获取cookie名,通过遍历出来对象,调用相应的方法获取对象里的数据
String value = cookie.getValue(); //获取cookie值
System.out.println("cookie name = " + name + " ; cookie value = " + value);
}
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
public void testGetWithCookies() throws IOException {
String result;
String uri = bundle.getString("getdemo.withCookies");
String testUrl = this.url+uri;
//创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
//执行get请求,并带上上下文的全局设置中的cookie信息
HttpResponse response =this.client.execute(get,this.context);
//获取响应状态码
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("statusCode = " + statusCode);
if (statusCode == 200){
//输出响应结果
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
}
}
-
成员属性,在本类内使用,可以不加this,是全局属性;方法内定义的属性是局部的,在方法内使用;其实在方法体中引用成员变量或其他的成员方法时,引用前都隐含着“this.”,一般情况下都会缺省它,但当成员变量与方法中的局部变量同名时,为了区分且正确引用,成员变量前必须加“this.”不能缺省。
-
在resources下的配置文件application.properties,直接给src中的类包提供需要的配置值,内容如下
application.properties
test.url=http://localhost:8866
dev.url=http://localhost:8866
getCookies.uri=/getCookies
getdemo.withCookies=/getdemo/withCookies
postdemo.withCookies=/postdemo/withCookies
login=/login
4、携带cookie的post请求
package com.course.httpclient.Cookies;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class MyCookiesForPost {
private String url;
private ResourceBundle bundle;
private HttpClientContext context;
private CloseableHttpClient client;
@BeforeTest
public void beforeTest() {
bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("application", Locale.CHINA);
//通过工具类里的getString方法,获取配置文件里相应的键对应的值,这里获取test.url的值,获取成功时,相应配置文件里的键会变颜色
//这里给本类的成员属性赋值
url = bundle.getString("test.url");
}
@Test
public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
//用来存放测试结果
String result;
//从配置文件中拼接测试的url;this,表示当前对象,this.url表示引用本类的成员属性url,引用成功时,属性颜色会变化
String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
String testUrl = this.url + uri;
//创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
// 全局请求设置,用于获取cookie并携带cookie
RequestConfig globalConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD).build();
//实例化一个cookie存储对象
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
// 创建HttpClient上下文
context = HttpClientContext.create();
context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(globalConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
//用客户端执行get实例,并把响应结果保存在response对象中,同时把cookie等信息存放在context上下文中
HttpResponse response = client.execute(get, context);
//把响应内容转成字符串,转换时使用编码为utf-8
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
//获取获取cookieStore对象中的cookies信息,并保存在对象列表中
//List<类名> 对象名:申明一个对象列表,用来存储多个对象,其中的数据存储在相应对象的方法中
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
//将cookie信息遍历出来,并保存在cookie对象中,即将对象列表中的对象遍历出来
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String name = cookie.getName(); //获取cookie名,通过遍历出来对象,调用相应的方法获取对象里的数据
String value = cookie.getValue(); //获取cookie值
System.out.println("cookie name = " + name + " ; cookie value = " + value);
}
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
public void testPostMethod() throws IOException {
String result;
String uri = bundle.getString("postdemo.withCookies");
String testUrl = this.url+uri;
//创建一个post实例,并指定请求url
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(testUrl);
//添加参数,json格式,data格式的参数参考另一个文档
JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
param.put("name","huhan");
param.put("age","18");
//设置请求头信息,设置header
post.setHeader("content-type","application/json");
//将参数信息添加到方法中
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param.toString(),"utf-8");
//注入post参数数据(信息)
post.setEntity(entity);
//执行post请求,并带上上下文的全局设置中的cookie信息
HttpResponse response =this.client.execute(post,this.context);
//获取响应结果,并转成字符串
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
//处理结果,判断返回结果是否符合预期
//将返回的响应结果字符串转化成为json对象
JSONObject resultJson = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
//获取到结果值,并将结果强制转换成字符串
String apiResult = (String) resultJson.get("huhan");
String status = (String) resultJson.get("status");
//获取响应状态码,具体断言响应结果值
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
Assert.assertEquals(200,statusCode);
Assert.assertEquals("success",apiResult); //期望结果等于实际结果
Assert.assertEquals("1",status);
}
}