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  • HttpClient与TestNG结合

    1、HTTPclient插件的安装

    • 在maven项目的pom.xml中引用HTTPclient包,如下

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    • 添加完后,maven项目会自动加载相关依赖包

    2、不携带cookie的get请求


    package com.course.httpclient.Demo;
    
    import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class MyHttpClient {
    
        @Test
        public void test1() throws IOException{
    
            //用来存放测试结果
            String result;
            //创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
            //创建一个client对象,是用来执行get方法的
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            //用客户端执行get实例,并把响应结果保存在response对象中
            HttpResponse response =client.execute(get);
            //response.getEntity()用来获取整个响应的实例,即获取整个响应内容
            //EntityUtils对象是org.apache.http.util下的一个工具类,用官方的解释是为HttpEntity对象提供的静态帮助类
            //把响应内容转成字符串,转换时使用编码为utf-8
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
            System.out.println(result);
    
        }
    }
    

    3、携带cookie的get请求


    package com.course.httpclient.Cookies;
    
    import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
    import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
    import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
    import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Locale;
    import java.util.ResourceBundle;
    
    public class MyCookiesForGet {
    
        private String url;
        private ResourceBundle bundle;
        private HttpClientContext context;
        private CloseableHttpClient client;
    
        @BeforeTest
        public void beforeTest(){
    /*        ResourceBundle工具类,默认获取properties配置文件,因而这里只需写配置文件名即可,不需写后缀
            这里获取配置文件application,因为是在resource下,所以直接写配置文件名即可,不需加路径,
            若配置文件不在resource下,则此处需要写上相对于resource的相对路径,注:这里需要加字符编码,如中文编码Locale.CHINA*/
            //成员属性,赋值时可以拿来直接赋值,该赋值是全局性的
            bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("application", Locale.CHINA);
            //通过工具类里的getString方法,获取配置文件里相应的键对应的值,这里获取test.url的值,获取成功时,相应配置文件里的键会变颜色,如黄色
            //这里给本类的成员属性赋值
            url = bundle.getString("test.url");
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
    
            //用来存放测试结果
            String result;
            //从配置文件中拼接测试的url;this,表示当前对象,this.url表示引用本类的成员属性url,引用成功时,属性颜色会变化
            String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
            String testUrl = this.url+uri;
            //创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
    
            // 全局请求设置,用于获取cookie并携带cookie
            RequestConfig globalConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD).build();
            //实例化一个cookie存储对象
            CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
            // 创建HttpClient上下文
            context = HttpClientContext.create();
            context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
    
            //创建一个client对象(客户端),是用来执行get方法的,获取cookie并把cookie存放在全局请求设置中,如有的话
            //静态方法,即类方法,可以不创建对象,直接引用
            client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(globalConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
            //用客户端执行get实例,并把响应结果保存在response对象中,同时把cookie等信息存放在context上下文中
            HttpResponse response =client.execute(get,context);
            //response.getEntity()用来获取整个响应的实例,即获取整个响应内容
            //EntityUtils对象是org.apache.http.util下的一个工具类,用官方的解释是为HttpEntity对象提供的静态帮助类
            //把响应内容转成字符串,转换时使用编码为utf-8
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
            System.out.println(result);
    
            //获取获取cookieStore对象中的cookies信息,并保存在对象列表中
            //List<类名> 对象名:申明一个对象列表,用来存储多个对象,其中的数据存储在相应对象的方法中
            List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
    
            //将cookie信息遍历出来,并保存在cookie对象中,即将对象列表中的对象遍历出来
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies){
                String name =cookie.getName();    //获取cookie名,通过遍历出来对象,调用相应的方法获取对象里的数据
                String value = cookie.getValue();   //获取cookie值
                System.out.println("cookie name = " + name + " ; cookie value = " + value);
            }
        }
    
        @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
        public void testGetWithCookies() throws IOException {
    
            String result;
            String uri = bundle.getString("getdemo.withCookies");
            String testUrl = this.url+uri;
            //创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
            //执行get请求,并带上上下文的全局设置中的cookie信息
            HttpResponse response =this.client.execute(get,this.context);
    
            //获取响应状态码
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            System.out.println("statusCode = " + statusCode);
    
            if (statusCode == 200){
                //输出响应结果
                result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
                System.out.println(result);
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 成员属性,在本类内使用,可以不加this,是全局属性;方法内定义的属性是局部的,在方法内使用;其实在方法体中引用成员变量或其他的成员方法时,引用前都隐含着“this.”,一般情况下都会缺省它,但当成员变量与方法中的局部变量同名时,为了区分且正确引用,成员变量前必须加“this.”不能缺省。

    • 在resources下的配置文件application.properties,直接给src中的类包提供需要的配置值,内容如下


    application.properties
    
    
    test.url=http://localhost:8866
    dev.url=http://localhost:8866
    
    getCookies.uri=/getCookies
    getdemo.withCookies=/getdemo/withCookies
    postdemo.withCookies=/postdemo/withCookies
    login=/login
    

    4、携带cookie的post请求


    package com.course.httpclient.Cookies;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
    import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
    import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
    import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
    import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
    import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    import org.testng.Assert;
    import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Locale;
    import java.util.ResourceBundle;
    
    public class MyCookiesForPost {
    
        private String url;
        private ResourceBundle bundle;
        private HttpClientContext context;
        private CloseableHttpClient client;
    
        @BeforeTest
        public void beforeTest() {
    
            bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("application", Locale.CHINA);
            //通过工具类里的getString方法,获取配置文件里相应的键对应的值,这里获取test.url的值,获取成功时,相应配置文件里的键会变颜色
            //这里给本类的成员属性赋值
            url = bundle.getString("test.url");
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
    
            //用来存放测试结果
            String result;
            //从配置文件中拼接测试的url;this,表示当前对象,this.url表示引用本类的成员属性url,引用成功时,属性颜色会变化
            String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
            String testUrl = this.url + uri;
            //创建一个get实例,并指定请求url
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
    
            // 全局请求设置,用于获取cookie并携带cookie
            RequestConfig globalConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD).build();
            //实例化一个cookie存储对象
            CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
            // 创建HttpClient上下文
            context = HttpClientContext.create();
            context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
    
            client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(globalConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
            //用客户端执行get实例,并把响应结果保存在response对象中,同时把cookie等信息存放在context上下文中
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get, context);
            //把响应内容转成字符串,转换时使用编码为utf-8
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
            System.out.println(result);
    
            //获取获取cookieStore对象中的cookies信息,并保存在对象列表中
            //List<类名> 对象名:申明一个对象列表,用来存储多个对象,其中的数据存储在相应对象的方法中
            List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
    
            //将cookie信息遍历出来,并保存在cookie对象中,即将对象列表中的对象遍历出来
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                String name = cookie.getName();    //获取cookie名,通过遍历出来对象,调用相应的方法获取对象里的数据
                String value = cookie.getValue();   //获取cookie值
                System.out.println("cookie name = " + name + " ; cookie value = " + value);
            }
        }
    
        @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
        public void testPostMethod() throws IOException {
    
            String result;
            String uri = bundle.getString("postdemo.withCookies");
            String testUrl = this.url+uri;
            //创建一个post实例,并指定请求url
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(testUrl);
    
            //添加参数,json格式,data格式的参数参考另一个文档
            JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
            param.put("name","huhan");
            param.put("age","18");
    
            //设置请求头信息,设置header
            post.setHeader("content-type","application/json");
    
            //将参数信息添加到方法中
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param.toString(),"utf-8");
    
            //注入post参数数据(信息)
            post.setEntity(entity);
            //执行post请求,并带上上下文的全局设置中的cookie信息
            HttpResponse response =this.client.execute(post,this.context);
    
            //获取响应结果,并转成字符串
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
    
            //处理结果,判断返回结果是否符合预期
            //将返回的响应结果字符串转化成为json对象
            JSONObject resultJson = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
    
            //获取到结果值,并将结果强制转换成字符串
            String apiResult = (String) resultJson.get("huhan");
            String status = (String) resultJson.get("status");
    
            //获取响应状态码,具体断言响应结果值
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            Assert.assertEquals(200,statusCode);
            Assert.assertEquals("success",apiResult);     //期望结果等于实际结果
            Assert.assertEquals("1",status);
    
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jun-zi/p/12080843.html
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