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  • android 笔记(Service)

    Service

     

     

    一。Serivce的启动方式分两种 

     

    1.startService。用这种方式启动的话,负责启动这个serviceActivity或者其他组件即使被销毁了,Service也会继续在后台运行,必须得Serivce自己做完任务区去调用stopSelf或者stopService去停止这个Serice。这种方式是Start方式

     

    2.bindService。这种方式要组件去调用BindService去绑定一个Service,这种方式Service的生命周期是知道所有绑定这个service的组件unbind之后才会销毁。这种方式称之为 Bound

     

     

    startService调用后会自动调用startCommand,你需要做的工作可以在这里写,例如启动新线程去执行任务之类的。

    bindService之后会调用Onbind函数,功能同上,需要自己去重写,还有就是通信就是通过这个onbind函数返回的IBinder

    以上两种方式可以一起使用,不是一定要分开。。

     

     

     

    二.实现Service需要重写的方法

    一般来说,实现Service,实现以下几个方法就好:

     

    onStartCommand()

    onBind()

    onCreate()

    onDestroy()

    函数名字还是非常清楚的,具体作用就不说了。

     

    三.在manifest里面加入Service

     

    Activity一样,要使用你自己写的Service,必须得在manifest里面注册

    例如

    <manifest ... >
      ...
      <application ... >
          <service android:name=".ExampleService" />
          ...
      </application>
    </manifest>

    Service的名字一旦确定,就不要更改了,因为其他地方会利用这个名字去访问Service

    值得注意的是,一个service可以被其他应用程序去访问,如果你不想被其他应用程序访问,就在文件里面加入属性android:exported,然后设置为False

    四.实现Service的两种方法

    实现Service主要有两种方式:

    1.Service

    要重写几个函数,而且一般工程来说,都要自己创建新线程来执行任务,这些工作都要我们自己去编写来做。

    代码如下:

     

    public class HelloService extends Service {
      private Looper mServiceLooper;
      private ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    
      // Handler that receives messages from the thread
      private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
          public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
              super(looper);
          }
          @Override
          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
              // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
              // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
              long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;
              while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
                  synchronized (this) {
                      try {
                          wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
                      } catch (Exception e) {
                      }
                  }
              }
              // Stop the service using the startId, so that we don't stop
              // the service in the middle of handling another job
              stopSelf(msg.arg1);
          }
      }
    
      @Override
      public void onCreate() {
        // Start up the thread running the service.  Note that we create a
        // separate thread because the service normally runs in the process's
        // main thread, which we don't want to block.  We also make it
        // background priority so CPU-intensive work will not disrupt our UI.
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("ServiceStartArguments",
                Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
        thread.start();
        
        // Get the HandlerThread's Looper and use it for our Handler 
        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
      }
    
      @Override
      public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
          Toast.makeText(this, "service starting", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    
          // For each start request, send a message to start a job and deliver the
          // start ID so we know which request we're stopping when we finish the job
          Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
          msg.arg1 = startId;
          mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
          
          // If we get killed, after returning from here, restart
          return START_STICKY;
      }
    
      @Override
      public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
          // We don't provide binding, so return null
          return null;
      }
      
      @Override
      public void onDestroy() {
        Toast.makeText(this, "service done", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
      }
    }

     

    2.IntentService

    如果只是启动一个线程做一个单独任务,这个是首选,系统帮你实现好了几个必须重写的函数,你只需要做的是事情就是实现一个函数就行:onHandleIntent(intent) 参数是startCommand那里传过来的。

    看代码:

    public class HelloIntentService extends IntentService {
    
      /** 
       * A constructor is required, and must call the super IntentService(String)
       * constructor with a name for the worker thread.
       */
      public HelloIntentService() {
          super("HelloIntentService");
      }
    
      /**
       * The IntentService calls this method from the default worker thread with
       * the intent that started the service. When this method returns, IntentService
       * stops the service, as appropriate.
       */
      @Override
      protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
          // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
          // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
          long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;
          while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
              synchronized (this) {
                  try {
                      wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                  }
              }
          }
      }
    }

    注意,startCommand返回的值是有用的,决定这个service被系统干掉后要不要重新启动,这个值有三个枚举START_NOT_STICKYSTART_STICKYSTART_REDELIVER_INTENT

    五.通过intent来开启Service

    启动Service就是创建一个intent对象,参数传进去需要启动的Service名称,就可以啦,调用startService啦,

    如果需要Service传回来一些消息,可以 用PendingIntent,然后传给startService用的intent,然后可以用getBroadcast来得到消息。 

    六.startForeground()来让service在前端显示

    类似播放器一样,你想通知栏里面看到在放什么歌曲,还有点击放下一首时,需要调用startForeground()让service运行在前端

     

    Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, getText(R.string.ticker_text),
            System.currentTimeMillis());
    Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, ExampleActivity.class);
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
    notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.notification_title),
            getText(R.string.notification_message), pendingIntent);
    startForeground(ONGOING_NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);

    具体Service的其他方面可以去看下官方文档

     

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/juncent/p/3262746.html
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