zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • ThreadLocal面试知识点总结

    1 怎么new出来一个ThreadLocal

    1 private ThreadLocal<Integer> num=new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){  
    2         public Integer initialValue(){  
    3             return 0;  
    4         }  
    5     }; 

    2 实现 initialValue 有什么用

      ThreadLocal在第一个执行get,set方法前是null,如果第一次执行get会返回initialValue的返回值,同时初始化ThreadLocalMap

    public T get() {
            Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
            ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
            if (map != null) {
                ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
                if (e != null) {
                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                    T result = (T)e.value;
                    return result;
                }
            }
            return setInitialValue();
        }
    private T setInitialValue() {
            T value = initialValue();
            Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
            ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
            if (map != null)
                map.set(this, value);
            else
                createMap(t, value);
            return value;
        }

    3 ThreadLocalMap的数据结构

      Entry数组,Entry是key,value结构,key是ThreadLocal对象的引用,value就是业务定义的value

    static class ThreadLocalMap {
     
            static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
                /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
                Object value;
     
                Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                    super(k);
                    value = v;
                }
            }
     
            private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
     
            private Entry[] table;

    4 Entry的key为啥是弱引用

      这样是为了不影响原ThreadLocal对象的回收,如果用户对ThreadLocal对象赋值为null,该ThreadLocal对象是有可能被回收的,如果ThreadLocalMap中是强引用会导致无法回收

    5 ThreadLocal的hash值怎么算的

       private final int threadLocalHashCode = nextHashCode();
     
        private static AtomicInteger nextHashCode =
            new AtomicInteger();
     
        private static final int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;
     
        private static int nextHashCode() {
            return nextHashCode.getAndAdd(HASH_INCREMENT);
        }

      这段代码怎么理解呢,注意这个 threadLocalHashCode 是final的,也就是说new出来后就固定了

      如果一个类中定义了两个ThreadLocal变量,那么第一个hash值是0,第二个hash值就是0x61c88647,一次类推。这两个ThreadLocal对象都会作为key,存入当前正在执行这段代码的线程的ThreadLocalMap里。

    6 扩容阈值是多少,到达了该阈值一定会扩容吗

    private void setThreshold(int len) {
                threshold = len * 2 / 3;
            }

    不会,此时会进行全表扫描一次,清空失效key的操作,比如ThreadLocal对象被垃圾回收了,弱引用的get返回null。如果清理过后,存活的数量达到阈值的四分之三此时扩容

    private void rehash() {
                expungeStaleEntries();//遍历整个table,每一个都不放过
    
                // Use lower threshold for doubling to avoid hysteresis
                if (size >= threshold - threshold / 4)//清理后的size如果大于阈值的四分之三才会扩容
                    resize();
            }

    7 扩容算法

      长度扩大为之前的两倍,对之前的数组里的元素进行迁移,然后重新计算扩容阈值

    private void resize() {
                Entry[] oldTab = table;
                int oldLen = oldTab.length;
                int newLen = oldLen * 2;
                Entry[] newTab = new Entry[newLen];
                int count = 0;
    
                for (int j = 0; j < oldLen; ++j) {
                    Entry e = oldTab[j];
                    if (e != null) {
                        ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
                        if (k == null) {
                            e.value = null; // Help the GC
                        } else {
                            int h = k.threadLocalHashCode & (newLen - 1);
                            while (newTab[h] != null)
                                h = nextIndex(h, newLen);
                            newTab[h] = e;
                            count++;
                        }
                    }
                }
    
                setThreshold(newLen);
                size = count;
                table = newTab;
            }

    8 get的逻辑

      get的时候回根据hash值,对size取模计算出来index,此时分为两种情况

      1 有,还是自己,那就返回

      2 有,但是不是自己,就是说发生了碰撞。此时要对下标+1进行查找,但是在查找的过程中还会对已经过期的entry进行清理

        清理逻辑:

        假设失效的下标是slot,从当前的下标开始迭代,查找那些key是null的entry,把这个entry = null,遍历的条件是遇到 entry!=null,遇到entry为null直接结束循环

        如果碰到没有失效的entry,计算该entry当前的位置是否是他应该的位置(就是不发生碰撞的位置),如果是则放过,

        如果发生过冲突,对这个正常数据重新执行一次摆放。

        清理结束后,继续在slot获取entry,重复上面的逻辑

    private Entry getEntryAfterMiss(ThreadLocal<?> key, int i, Entry e) {
                Entry[] tab = table;
                int len = tab.length;
     
                while (e != null) {
                    ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
                    if (k == key)
                        return e;
                    if (k == null)
                        expungeStaleEntry(i);
                    else
                        i = nextIndex(i, len);
                    e = tab[i];
                }
                return null;
            }        
    expungeStaleEntry(i)我这里就不贴代码了,说明下执行过程
    1 把i这个位置上的entry 的 key和value都置为null
    2 从i的下一个位置开始循环,循环的条件是遍历到的entry不是null,同时下标会加一
    3 如果在向后遍历时,又发现了失效的节点,那么value=null,entry=null
    4 对于没有失效的entry,对每个entry进行重新摆放

    从这个while循环可以看出,如果在查找过程中,如果还没找到符合的entry,就遇到了null的entry,那么循环直接结束返回null

    9 set的流程

      按照hash值计算下标的位置,

      1 该位置为null,最简单的情况,直接放上去

      2 如果不是null,但是key相同,更新value  

      3 如果不是null,但是key不同,下标加一继续找合适的位置

      4 如果碰到过期的数据,以当前的下标的下一个位置开始向后查找直到遇到了null或者key相等停止,如果key相等那没啥说的,替换掉旧的value,然后再和过期的位置互换下,

       如果是null,new 一个 Entry,把这个Entry直接放到失效的节点上,直接抹杀失效节点

         另外还有启发式数据清理的过程

    private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
    
                // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
                // least as common to use set() to create new entries as
                // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
                // path would fail more often than not.
    
                Entry[] tab = table;
                int len = tab.length;
                int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
    
                for (Entry e = tab[i];
                     e != null;
                     e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
                    ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
    
                    if (k == key) {//替换逻辑
                        e.value = value;
                        return;
                    }
    
                    if (k == null) {//失效节点逻辑
                        replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
                        return;//不会走到下面的逻辑,就在这里return
                    }
                }
    
                tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);//从上面的for循环退出表示i的位置肯定是null了
                int sz = ++size;
                if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
                    rehash();
            }
    private void replaceStaleEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value,
                                           int staleSlot) {
                Entry[] tab = table;
                int len = tab.length;
                Entry e;
    
                // Back up to check for prior stale entry in current run.
                // We clean out whole runs at a time to avoid continual
                // incremental rehashing due to garbage collector freeing
                // up refs in bunches (i.e., whenever the collector runs).
                int slotToExpunge = staleSlot;
                for (int i = prevIndex(staleSlot, len);
                     (e = tab[i]) != null;
                     i = prevIndex(i, len))
                    if (e.get() == null)
                        slotToExpunge = i;
    
                // Find either the key or trailing null slot of run, whichever
                // occurs first
                for (int i = nextIndex(staleSlot, len);
                     (e = tab[i]) != null;
                     i = nextIndex(i, len)) {
                    ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
    
                    // If we find key, then we need to swap it
                    // with the stale entry to maintain hash table order.
                    // The newly stale slot, or any other stale slot
                    // encountered above it, can then be sent to expungeStaleEntry
                    // to remove or rehash all of the other entries in run.
                    if (k == key) { //我们只看这里,找到了key
                        e.value = value;
    
                        tab[i] = tab[staleSlot];
                        tab[staleSlot] = e;//失效节点的位置直接放上找到了entry
    
                        // Start expunge at preceding stale entry if it exists
                        if (slotToExpunge == staleSlot)
                            slotToExpunge = i;
                        cleanSomeSlots(expungeStaleEntry(slotToExpunge), len);//自适应清理,这部分逻辑不看,比较啰嗦
                        return;
                    }
    
                    // If we didn't find stale entry on backward scan, the
                    // first stale entry seen while scanning for key is the
                    // first still present in the run.
                    if (k == null && slotToExpunge == staleSlot)
                        slotToExpunge = i;
                }
    
                // If key not found, put new entry in stale slot
                tab[staleSlot].value = null;//退出循环说明遇到了null了,直接在失效节点上创建新的entry
                tab[staleSlot] = new Entry(key, value);
    
                // If there are any other stale entries in run, expunge them
                if (slotToExpunge != staleSlot)
                    cleanSomeSlots(expungeStaleEntry(slotToExpunge), len);
            }

        

  • 相关阅读:
    Delphi泛型系列(很不错)[转静候良机]
    数组的排序
    数据存储到流几种形式(数据流 TStream)
    [转]Delphi TStream详解
    Delphi匿名方法[转 静候良机]
    神一样的崇拜这个女人...打破了我对我们苦b程序员极限的了解
    sql server cte语法
    GdiPlus[49]: 图像(一) 概览
    GdiPlus[51]: 图像(三) 关于呈现
    GdiPlus[47]: IGPMatrix 矩阵(二)
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/juniorMa/p/13961432.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看