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  • MySQL 外键异常分析

     

    外键约束异常现象

    如下测例中,没有违反引用约束的插入失败。

    create database `a-b`;
    use `a-b`;
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
    create table t1(c1 int primary key, c2 int) engine=innodb;
    create table t2(c1 int primary key, c2 int) engine=innodb;
    alter table t2 add  foreign key(c2)  references `a-b`.t1(c1);
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;
    insert into t1 values(1,1);
    select * from t1;
    c1      c2
    1       1
    select * from t2;
    c1      c2
    insert into t2 values(1,1);
    ERROR 23000: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`a-b`.`t2`, CONSTRAINT `t2_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`c2`) REFERENCES `a-b`.`t1` (`c1`))
    insert into t2 values(1,1); //预期应该成功实际失败了。子表插入任何数据都会报违反引用约束。
    

    异常分析

    首先我们会检查表结构是否正常

    show create table t2;
    Table   Create Table
    t2      CREATE TABLE `t2` (
      `c1` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `c2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
      KEY `c2` (`c2`),
      CONSTRAINT `t2_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`c2`) REFERENCES `a-b`.`t1` (`c1`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
    

    查看 innodb_sys_foreign 表

    select * from information_schema.innodb_sys_foreign where id='a@002db/t2_ibfk_1';
    +-------------------+------------+----------+--------+------+
    | ID                | FOR_NAME   | REF_NAME | N_COLS | TYPE |
    +-------------------+------------+----------+--------+------+
    | a@002db/t2_ibfk_1 | a@002db/t2 | a-b/t1   |      1 |    0 |
    +-------------------+------------+----------+--------+------+
    
    select * from information_schema.innodb_sys_tables where name='a@002db/t1';
    +----------+------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+
    | TABLE_ID | NAME       | FLAG | N_COLS | SPACE | FILE_FORMAT | ROW_FORMAT | ZIP_PAGE_SIZE |
    +----------+------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+
    |      530 | a@002db/t1 |    1 |      5 |   525 | Antelope    | Compact    |             0 |
    +----------+------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+
    

    表结构正常,表面上看外键在系统表中元数据库信息正常。仔细比较发现 innodb_sys_foreign 的REF_NAME字段"a-b/t1"实际应为"a@002db/t2"。

    MySQL内部表名和库名存储格式

    MySQL 内部用 my_charset_filename 字符集来表名和库名。

    以下数组定义了 my_charset_filename 字符集需要转换的字符。数组下标为 ascii 值,1代表不需要转换。可以看到字母数字和下划线等不需要转换,同时字符'-'是需要转换的, 转换函数参见my_wc_mb_filename

    static char filename_safe_char[128]=
    {
      1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, /* ................ */
      0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, /* ................ */
      0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, /*  !"#$%&'()*+,-./ */
      1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0, /* 0123456789:;<=>? */
      0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO */
      1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1, /* PQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_ */
      0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* `abcdefghijklmno */
      1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0, /* pqrstuvwxyz{|}~. */
    };
    

    异常分析

    由上节可知,字符'-'作为库名或表名是需要转换的。innodb_sys_foreign 中 FOR_NAME 值是转换过的,只有 REF_NAME 未转换,而系统表 innodb_sys_tables 中存储的表名是转换后的。dict_get_referenced_table 根据未转换的表名 a-b/t1 去系统表 SYS_TABLES 查找会查找不到记录。于是会导致

     foreign->referenced_table==NULL
    

    因此对子表的任何插入都会返回错误 DB_NO_REFERENCED_ROW,如下代码

    row_ins_check_foreign_constraint:
    
     if (check_ref) {
             check_table = foreign->referenced_table;
             check_index = foreign->referenced_index;
     } else {
             check_table = foreign->foreign_table;
             check_index = foreign->foreign_index;
     }
    
    if (check_table == NULL
        || check_table->ibd_file_missing
        || check_index == NULL) {
    
            if (!srv_read_only_mode && check_ref) {
                    ……
                    err = DB_NO_REFERENCED_ROW;
            }
    
            goto exit_func;
    

    经过进一步调试分析发现,函数innobase_get_foreign_key_info中主表的库名和表名都没有经过转换,而是直接使用系统字符集。

    回过头再看看bug的触发条件:

    1. 表名或库名包含特殊字符;
    2. 此表作为引用约束的主表;
    3. 增加引用约束是设置了SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

    这里强调下第3条, 如果上面的测例中去掉了SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0,那么结果 REF_NAME会正常转换

    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;
    create table t1(c1 int primary key, c2 int) engine=innodb;
    create table t2(c1 int primary key, c2 int) engine=innodb;
    alter table t2 add  foreign key(c2)  references `a-b`.t1(c1);
    select * from information_schema.innodb_sys_foreign where id='a@002db/t2_ibfk_1';
    +-------------------+------------+------------+--------+------+
    | ID                | FOR_NAME   | REF_NAME   | N_COLS | TYPE |
    +-------------------+------------+------------+--------+------+
    | a@002db/t2_ibfk_1 | a@002db/t2 | a@002db/t1 |      1 |    0 |
    +-------------------+------------+------------+--------+------+
    

    online DDL 与 foreign key

    MySQL 5.6 online DDL 是支持建索引的。而对于建外键索引同样也是支持的,条件是SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0。

    ha_innobase::check_if_supported_inplace_alter:
     if ((ha_alter_info->handler_flags
          & Alter_inplace_info::ADD_FOREIGN_KEY)
         && prebuilt->trx->check_foreigns) {
             ha_alter_info->unsupported_reason = innobase_get_err_msg(
                     ER_ALTER_OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED_REASON_FK_CHECK);
             DBUG_RETURN(HA_ALTER_INPLACE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
     }
    

    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0时,prebuilt->trx->check_foreigns为false。

    我们再来看出问题的函数innobase_get_foreign_key_info,只有online DDL的代码路径才会调用此函数:

    #0  innobase_get_foreign_key_info
    #1  ha_innobase::prepare_inplace_alter_table
    #2  handler::ha_prepare_inplace_alter_table
    #3  mysql_inplace_alter_table
    #4  mysql_alter_table
    ......
    

    而非online DDL的路径如下,函数 dict_scan_id 会对表名和库名进行转换:

    #0  dict_scan_id
    #1  dict_scan_table_name
    #2  dict_create_foreign_constraints_low
    #3  dict_create_foreign_constraints
    #4  row_table_add_foreign_constraints
    #5  ha_innobase::create
    #6  handler::ha_create
    #7  ha_create_table
    #8  mysql_alter_table
    ......
    

    修复

    bug系统中虽然没有相关的bug信息,但从MySQL 5.6.26中我们看到官方Bug#21094069已经进行了修复,在innobase_get_foreign_key_info中对库名和表名进行转换。

    参考commit:1fae0d42c352908fed03e29db2b391a0d2969269

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/justfortaste/p/4979085.html
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