一、流程控制之if判断:(同一缩进表示同一代码块,基本上一个tab键表示4个空格。)
#语法1:
# if 条件:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ....
#语法2:
# if 条件:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ....
# else:
# code1
# code2
# code3
#语法3:多分枝
# 强调:if的多分枝 但凡有一个条件成立,就不会再往下判断其他条件了
# if 条件1:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ....
# elif 条件2:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ....
# elif 条件3:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ....
# ........
# else:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ....
# score = input('>>: ') # score=int(score) # if score >= 90: # print('优秀') # elif score >= 80: # print('良好') # elif score >= 70: # print('普通') # else: # print('很差')
语法4:if嵌套
# age=18 # height=163 # weight=75 # sex='female' # is_beautiful=True # # is_successfull=True # # if age > 16 and age < 30 and height > 158 and weight < 100 and sex == 'female' and is_beautiful: # print('表白。。。') # if is_successfull: # print('在一起') # else: # print('我逗你玩呢') # else: # print('阿姨好') # # # print('other code....')
# today=input('>>: ') # if today == 'Monday': # print('上班') # elif today == 'Tuesday': # print('上班') # elif today == 'Wednesday': # print('上班') # elif today == 'Thursday': # print('上班') # elif today == 'Friday': # print('上班') # elif today == 'Saturday': # print('出去浪') # elif today == 'Sunday': # print('出去浪') # else: # print('''必须输入其中一种: # Monday # Tuesday # Wednesday # Thursday # Friday # Saturday # Sunday # ''') today=input('>>: ') if today == 'Monday' or today == 'Tuesday' or today == 'Wednesday' or today == 'Thursday' or today == 'Friday': print('上班') elif today == 'Saturday' or today == 'Sunday': print('出去浪') else: print('''必须输入其中一种: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday ''')
二、流程控制之while循环:
语法
# while 条件:
# code1
# code2
# code3
# ...
# user_from_db='egon' # pwd_from_db='123' # # while True: # inp_user=input('please input your username: ') # inp_pwd=input('please input your password: ') # if inp_user == user_from_db and inp_pwd == pwd_from_db: # print('login successfull') # else: # print('user or password err')
while + break: break代表结束本层循环
# user_from_db='egon' # pwd_from_db='123' # # while True: # inp_user=input('please input your username: ') # inp_pwd=input('please input your password: ') # if inp_user == user_from_db and inp_pwd == pwd_from_db: # print('login successfull') # break # else: # print('user or password err')
while+continue:continue代表结束本次循环(本次循环continue之后的代码不在运行),直接进入下一次循环
# 强调:continue一定不要作为循环体的最后一步代码
start=1 # # while start < 8: #5 < 8 # if start == 4: # start += 1 #start=5 # continue # print(start) # start+=1 # while True: # print(1) # print(2) # print(3) # user_from_db='egon' # pwd_from_db='123' # # while True: # inp_user=input('please input your username: ') # inp_pwd=input('please input your password: ') # if inp_user == user_from_db and inp_pwd == pwd_from_db: # print('login successfull') # break # else: # print('user or password err') # continue
while循环的嵌套
# user_from_db='egon'
# pwd_from_db='123'
#
# tag=True
# while tag:
# inp_user=input('please input your username: ')
# inp_pwd=input('please input your password: ')
# if inp_user == user_from_db and inp_pwd == pwd_from_db:
# print('login successfull')
# while tag:
# cmd=input('>>>: ') # cmd='quit'
# if cmd == 'quit':
# tag=False
# break
# print('%s run......' %cmd)
# else:
# print('user or password err')
#
# while + else
# else的代码会在while循环没有break打断的情况下最后运行
# n=1 # while n < 5: # if n == 4: # break # print(n) # n+=1 # else: # print('=====》') #
while 循环题目练习:
# user_from_db='egon' # pwd_from_db='123' # count=0 # tag=True # while tag: # if count == 3: # print('输错次数过多') # break # inp_user=input('please input your username: ') # inp_pwd=input('please input your password: ') # if inp_user == user_from_db and inp_pwd == pwd_from_db: # print('login successfull') # while tag: # cmd=input('>>>: ') # cmd='quit' # if cmd == 'quit': # tag=False # break # print('%s run......' %cmd) # else: # print('user or password err') # count+=1 #count=3 # 输错3次
三、for循环:可以不依赖索引而取指
# names=['egon','alex_dsb','lxx_sb','yxx_dsb'] # for item in names: #item='lxx_sb' # print(item)
# dic={'x':1,'y':2,'z':3} # for k in dic: #k='x' # print(k,dic[k])
for vs while:
for可以不依赖于索引取指,是一种通用的循环取指方式
for的循环次数是由被循环对象包含值的个数决定的,而while的循环次数是由条件决定的
# names=['egon','alex_dsb','lxx_sb','yxx_dsb'] # for i in range(0,len(names)): # print(names[i])
# for+break
# for+continue
# for+else
# for i in range(10): # # if i == 4: # # break # print(i) # else: # print('====>')
四有序与无序,可变与不可变
1、有序:但凡有索引的数据都是有序的
2、可变不可变
可变类型:在值变了的情况下,id不变,证明在改原值
不可变类型:在值变了的情况下,id也跟着变,证明不是在改原值
5、基本类型
一:基本使用:int
1 用途:记录年龄、等级、号码
2 定义方式
age=18 #age=int(18)
print(type(age))
int('abadf') #报错
int('10.1') #报错
int('101') #int只能将字符串中包含纯数字转成整型
进制转换(了解**)
其他进制转成十进制
二进制:0,1
10 #1*(2**1) + 0*(2**0)
十进制:0-9
371 #3*(10**2) + 7*(10**1) + 1*(10**0)
八进制:0-7
371 #3*(8**2) + 7*(8**1) + 1*(8**0)
十六进制:0-9 A-F
371 #3*(16**2) + 7*(16**1) + 1*(8**0)
十进制转成其他进制
print(bin(12))
print(oct(12)) #14 =>1*(8**1) + 4*(8**0)
print(hex(16))
3 常用操作+内置的方法
二:该类型总结
1 存一个值
3 不可变
x=10
print(id(x))
x=11
print(id(x))
一:基本使用:float
1 用途:记录身高、体重、薪资
2 定义方式
salary=3.1 #salary=float(3.1)
res=float('3.3')
print(type(res))
3 常用操作+内置的方法
二:该类型总结
1 存一个值
3 不可变
x=10.3
print(id(x))
x=10.4
print(id(x))