Docker入门

 

1、什么是docker

ocker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，基于 Go语言 并遵从Apache2.0协议开源。

Docker 可以让开发者打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个轻量级、可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。

容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口（类似 iPhone 的 app）,更重要的是容器性能开销极低。

Docker 从 17.03 版本之后分为 CE（Community Edition: 社区版） 和 EE（Enterprise Edition: 企业版），我们用社区版就可以了。

2.安装

1）docker只能在linux上运行，首先在VMware上安装一个Centos7.6的虚拟机，链接：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/

2）配置NAT网络

3）安装docker 

yum -y install docker

4)开机启动

systemctl enable docker

5）启动docker

systemctl start docker

6）查看版本

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.10.3
 Git commit:      b2f74b2/1.13.1
 Built:           Wed May  1 14:55:20 2019
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:         1.13.1
 API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
 Package version: docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.10.3
 Git commit:      b2f74b2/1.13.1
 Built:           Wed May  1 14:55:20 2019
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
 Experimental:    false

　3.docker常用操作

1）查找 docke serach

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker search mysql 
INDEX       NAME                                        DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   8388      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   2884      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   624                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela...   438       [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   60                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   59                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...   47                   
docker.io   docker.io/deitch/mysql-backup               Automated and scheduled mysql database dum...   39                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database ...   32                   
docker.io   docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...   28                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      27                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...   21                   
docker.io   docker.io/prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              19                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   15                   
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   13                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing ...   12                   
docker.io   docker.io/arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      10                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...   6                    
docker.io   docker.io/yloeffler/mysql-backup            This image runs mysqldump to backup data u...   6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron t...   4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  2                    [OK]

　2）拉取

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
fc7181108d40: Pull complete 
787a24c80112: Pull complete 
a08cb039d3cd: Pull complete 
4f7d35eb5394: Pull complete 
5aa21f895d95: Pull complete 
a742e211b7a2: Waiting 
0163805ad937: Download complete 
87f18876c3ff: Waiting 
78082f25f167: Waiting 
0a510f055c17: Waiting 
312b0999e433: Waiting 
f864cfdc0264: Waiting 

　注意：这一步特别慢，那么就 ctrl+C 然后使用加速器

阿里云容器镜像服务

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://2x3h3a6l.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

　　果然很快

[root@localhost docker]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
fc7181108d40: Pull complete 
787a24c80112: Pull complete 
a08cb039d3cd: Pull complete 
4f7d35eb5394: Pull complete 
5aa21f895d95: Pull complete 
a742e211b7a2: Pull complete 
0163805ad937: Pull complete 
87f18876c3ff: Pull complete 
78082f25f167: Pull complete 
0a510f055c17: Pull complete 
312b0999e433: Pull complete 
f864cfdc0264: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:415ac63da0ae6725d5aefc9669a1c02f39a00c574fdbc478dfd08db1e97c8f1b
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest

　3）查看本地所有镜像

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/mysql     latest              c7109f74d339        5 weeks ago         443 MB

　4）删除指定容器

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/mysql     latest              c7109f74d339        5 weeks ago         443 MB
docker.io/java      latest              d23bdf5b1b1b        2 years ago         643 MB
[root@localhost docker]# docker rmi c7109f74d339
Untagged: docker.io/mysql:latest
Untagged: docker.io/mysql@sha256:415ac63da0ae6725d5aefc9669a1c02f39a00c574fdbc478dfd08db1e97c8f1b
Deleted: sha256:c7109f74d339896c8e1a7526224f10a3197e7baf674ff03acbab387aa027882a
Deleted: sha256:35d60530f024aa75c91a123a69099f7f6eaf5ad7001bb983f427f674980d8482
Deleted: sha256:49d8bb533eee600076e3a513a203ee24044673fcef0c1b79e088b2ba43db2c17
Deleted: sha256:2e7d501ae7df8ee0eca0fe0b16c6e9fad9a3664811445f38f32636b47366eec3
Deleted: sha256:6a362ed9781f7b3f0c63b061dfb0f14d9ba10d021df10712a131158c103b0d18
Deleted: sha256:3e58b58898622709169f72e7fa20244e084316f3ee66142728bce3f35bb9538b
Deleted: sha256:4beb9add2b61bbae54c13e9d9f374b1fe8573226c2fe889bdd5dc8eed19ffbc1
Deleted: sha256:b3a6af4f3db06bbe8f661019f7dbc354b5e63318fca01d8f1e6218f0afbaa5eb
Deleted: sha256:037818566b488757260ae3d0064fbf6e47365cd08dc6409b7a018a512ef17f25
Deleted: sha256:000ec65531a617f550ee04f67c875b70f4b395af00b5f5bb7ed480b17078bc0b
Deleted: sha256:11d387a2efcce7596530d6be2299b6528b0afe070aba3caf3432ca31c3b0132d
Deleted: sha256:a883a9d05facd6220d9251787142b41cc6675f247bc47c94071e665adf65dbbf
Deleted: sha256:cf5b3c6798f77b1f78bf4e297b27cfa5b6caa982f04caeb5de7d13c255fd7a1e
[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/java      latest              d23bdf5b1b1b        2 years ago         643 MB

　　

　4.docker的容器操作

 1)运行

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql_3  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mysql   -p 3306:3306  -d  mysql 
6a104e2ff87d9d2a01d1200c8aef22648b93fb821cb15e33c444e461ca4b447b
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                               NAMES
6a104e2ff87d        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   22 seconds ago      Up 10 seconds       0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                   mysql_3
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service  
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
6a104e2ff87d        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   9 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql_3
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql_3 
"docker exec" requires at least 2 argument(s).
See 'docker exec --help'.

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql_3  /bin/bash
root@6a104e2ff87d:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.16 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'mysql'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

　这一步有很多坑：

　　　　1.启动mysql必须把密码选项带上

　　　　2.centos7的防火墙不只是iptables -F   特别注意要systemctl stop firewalld.service  

　　　　3.mysql 密码设置 Authentication plugin ‘caching_sha2_password’ cannot be loaded: 

$ docker ps // 查看所有正在运行容器
$ docker stop containerId // containerId 是容器的ID

$ docker ps -a // 查看所有容器
$ docker ps -a -q // 查看所有容器ID

$ docker stop $(docker ps -a -q) //  stop停止所有容器
$ docker  rm $(docker ps -a -q) //   remove删除所有容器

拷贝：docker cp /opt/test.js testtomcat：/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/js

docker cp testtomcat：/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/js/test.js /opt 

 docker exec -it oracle11g bash

参考资料：1.Docker 拉取 oracle 11g镜像配置