一般使用iostat命令监控I/O性能
1.iostat命令可用参数列表:
OPTIONS -c Display the CPU utilization report. -d Display the device utilization report. -h Make the NFS report displayed by option -n easier to read by a human. -k Display statistics in kilobytes per second instead of blocks per second. Data displayed are valid only with kernels 2.4 and later. -m Display statistics in megabytes per second instead of blocks or kilobytes per second. Data displayed are valid only with ker- nels 2.4 and later. -N Display the registered device mapper names for any device mapper devices. Useful for viewing LVM2 statistics. -n Display the network filesystem (NFS) report. This option works only with kernel 2.6.17 and later. -p [ { device [,...] | ALL } ] The -p option displays statistics for block devices and all their partitions that are used by the system. If a device name is entered on the command line, then statistics for it and all its partitions are displayed. Last, the ALL keyword indicates that statistics have to be displayed for all the block devices and partitions defined by the system, including those that have never been used. Note that this option works only with post 2.5 kernels. -t Print the time for each report displayed. The timestamp format may depend on the value of the S_TIME_FORMAT environment vari- able (see below). -V Print version number then exit. -x Display extended statistics. This option works with post 2.5 kernels since it needs /proc/diskstats file or a mounted sysfs to get the statistics. This option may also work with older kernels (e.g. 2.4) only if extended statistics are available in /proc/partitions (the kernel needs to be patched for that). -z Tell iostat to omit output for any devices for which there was no activity during the sample period.
2.iostat 常用参数举例：
iostat -d -x -k 1 10
$ iostat -d -x -k 1 10 Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 (vnode1) 2015年02月25日 _x86_64_ (64 CPU) Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 7.23 2923.45 111.97 158.24 4305.81 12331.61 123.14 0.42 1.53 1.55 41.99 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.00 1313.00 0.00 38884.00 0.00 59.23 13.14 10.14 0.76 100.10 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 19604.00 587.00 361.00 8380.00 55624.00 135.03 80.47 64.34 1.05 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 1.00 11641.00 93.00 1079.00 4436.00 67312.00 122.44 143.71 119.34 0.85 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 12925.00 91.00 1036.00 6612.00 54072.00 107.69 142.63 133.53 0.89 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 15597.00 66.00 1101.00 3284.00 69080.00 124.02 142.49 124.61 0.86 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 4.00 6834.00 326.00 766.00 10532.00 37696.00 88.33 75.73 80.81 0.92 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 7322.00 417.00 331.00 6796.00 22568.00 78.51 65.42 68.01 1.34 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 12862.00 80.00 1464.00 1424.00 63416.00 83.99 121.29 87.37 0.65 100.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.00 857.00 10.00 12512.00 1972.00 33.41 11.65 14.53 1.15 100.00
iostat -d -k 1 10
$ iostat -d -k 1 10 Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 (vnode1) 2015年02月25日 _x86_64_ (64 CPU) Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 270.40 4306.84 12331.65 23370851441 66917123180 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 812.00 35820.00 56.00 35820 56 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 1175.00 24940.00 508.00 24940 508 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 910.00 10056.00 12224.00 10056 12224 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 733.00 2672.00 20064.00 2672 20064 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 836.00 712.00 10456.00 712 10456 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 995.00 604.00 13052.00 604 13052 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 966.00 104.00 14264.00 104 14264 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 811.00 268.00 19728.00 268 19728 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 1056.00 124.00 16788.00 124 16788
更多关于iostat命令的说明可参见转载文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/articles/4299419.html