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  • 搭建Cookie池

    很多时候我们在对网站进行数据抓取的时候,可以抓取一部分页面或者接口,这部分可能没有设置登录限制。但是如果要抓取大规模数据的时候,没有登录进行爬取会出现一些弊端。对于一些设置登录限制的页面,无法爬取对于一些没有设置登录的页面或者接口,一旦IP访问频繁,会触发网站的反爬虫,相比较代理池通过改变IP地址来避免被网站封禁,但是现在的有的网站已经不封IP地址,开始封账号的反爬措施,如果做大规模爬虫怎么办呢,一个账号有可能被封,如果像代理池一样提供不同IP,我有多个账号轮流爬取是不是可以避免被封。所有就需要维护多个账号,这个时候就要用到cookies池了,通过获取每个账号模拟登录后的cookies信息,保存到数据库,定时检测cookies有效性。

    1.相关工具

     安装Redis数据库,redis-py库,reuqests,selenium,Flask 库,还有Google Chrome浏览器 安装好ChromeDriver,购买要爬取的网站账号,比如我购买的微博小号(卖号网站随机百度,有些网站不固定容易404,最好买免验证码登录的) 这里我们搭建微博的Cookies池

    2.cookies实现

     需要下图几大模块

     存储模块负责存储每个账号的用户名,密码已经每个账号对应的Cookies信息,同时提供方法对数据的存储操作

     生成模块 负责获取登录之后的Cookies,这个模块要从数据库中取账号密码,再模拟登录目标页面,如果登陆成功,就获取Cookies保存到数据库

     检测模块负责定时检测数据库中的Cookies是否有效,使用Cookies请求链接,如果登录状态成功,则是有效的,否则失效并删除,接下来等待生产模块重新登录生成Cookies

     接口模块是通过Api提供对外服务的接口,Cookies越多越好,被检测到的概率越小,越不容易被封

    接下来实现存储模块:存储部分有两部分:1.账号和密码 2.账号和Cookies 这两部分是一对一对应的,所以可以使用Redis的hash ,hash存储结构是key-value 也就是键值对的形式,和我们所需的是符合的,所以就有两组映射,账号密码 ,账号Cookies, key是账号

    import random
    import redis
    

    # Redis数据库地址
    REDIS_HOST = 'localhost'

    # Redis端口
    REDIS_PORT = 6379

    # Redis密码,如无填None
    REDIS_PASSWORD = None

    class RedisClient(object):
        def __init__(self, type, website, host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT, password=REDIS_PASSWORD):
            """
            初始化Redis连接
            :param host: 地址
            :param port: 端口
            :param password: 密码
            """
            self.db = redis.StrictRedis(host=host, port=port, password=password, decode_responses=True)
            self.type = type
            self.website = website
    
        def name(self):
            """
            获取Hash的名称
            :return: Hash名称
            """
            return "{type}:{website}".format(type=self.type, website=self.website)
    
        def set(self, username, value):
            """
            设置键值对
            :param username: 用户名
            :param value: 密码或Cookies
            :return:
            """
            return self.db.hset(self.name(), username, value)
    
        def get(self, username):
            """
            根据键名获取键值
            :param username: 用户名
            :return:
            """
            return self.db.hget(self.name(), username)
    
        def delete(self, username):
            """
            根据键名删除键值对
            :param username: 用户名
            :return: 删除结果
            """
            return self.db.hdel(self.name(), username)
    
        def count(self):
            """
            获取数目
            :return: 数目
            """
            return self.db.hlen(self.name())
    
        def random(self):
            """
            随机得到键值,用于随机Cookies获取
            :return: 随机Cookies
            """
            return random.choice(self.db.hvals(self.name()))
    
        def usernames(self):
            """
            获取所有账户信息
            :return: 所有用户名
            """
            return self.db.hkeys(self.name())
    
        def all(self):
            """
            获取所有键值对
            :return: 用户名和密码或Cookies的映射表
            """
            return self.db.hgetall(self.name())
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        conn = RedisClient('accounts', 'weibo')
        result = conn.set('wert', 'ssdsdsf')
        print(result)

    我们可以看见name()方法,返回值就是存储key-value 的hash名称 比如accounts:weibo 存储的就是账号和密码,通过这种方式可以把账号密码添加进数据库

    生成模块的实现

    要获取微博登录信息的Cookies,肯定要登录微博,但是微博这网站的登录接口需要填写验证码 或者手机号验证比较复杂,比较好的是微博登录站点有三个 1.https://weibo.cn  2.https://m.weibo.com

     3.https://weibo.com  我们选择第二个站点比较合适,类似于手机客户端的界面,而且登录的时候不需要验证码(前提购买免验证码账号才可以)登录界面是这样

    import json
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver import DesiredCapabilities
    
    from cookiespool.db import RedisClient
    from login.weibo.cookies import WeiboCookies

    # 产生器使用的浏览器
    BROWSER_TYPE = 'PhantomJS'

    class CookiesGenerator(object):
        def __init__(self, website='default'):
            """
            父类, 初始化一些对象
            :param website: 名称
            :param browser: 浏览器, 若不使用浏览器则可设置为 None
            """
            self.website = website
            self.cookies_db = RedisClient('cookies', self.website)
            self.accounts_db = RedisClient('accounts', self.website)
            self.init_browser()
    
        def __del__(self):
            self.close()
        
        def init_browser(self):
            """
            通过browser参数初始化全局浏览器供模拟登录使用
            :return:
            """
            if BROWSER_TYPE == 'PhantomJS':
                caps = DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS
                caps[
                    "phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36'
                self.browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=caps)
                self.browser.set_window_size(1400, 500)
            elif BROWSER_TYPE == 'Chrome':
                self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        
        def new_cookies(self, username, password):
            """
            新生成Cookies,子类需要重写
            :param username: 用户名
            :param password: 密码
            :return:
            """
            raise NotImplementedError
        
        def process_cookies(self, cookies):
            """
            处理Cookies
            :param cookies:
            :return:
            """
            dict = {}
            for cookie in cookies:
                dict[cookie['name']] = cookie['value']
            return dict
        
        def run(self):
            """
            运行, 得到所有账户, 然后顺次模拟登录
            :return:
            """
            accounts_usernames = self.accounts_db.usernames()
            cookies_usernames = self.cookies_db.usernames()
            
            for username in accounts_usernames:
                if not username in cookies_usernames:
                    password = self.accounts_db.get(username)
                    print('正在生成Cookies', '账号', username, '密码', password)
                    result = self.new_cookies(username, password)
                    # 成功获取
                    if result.get('status') == 1:
                        cookies = self.process_cookies(result.get('content'))
                        print('成功获取到Cookies', cookies)
                        if self.cookies_db.set(username, json.dumps(cookies)):
                            print('成功保存Cookies')
                    # 密码错误,移除账号
                    elif result.get('status') == 2:
                        print(result.get('content'))
                        if self.accounts_db.delete(username):
                            print('成功删除账号')
                    else:
                        print(result.get('content'))
            else:
                print('所有账号都已经成功获取Cookies')
        
        def close(self):
            """
            关闭
            :return:
            """
            try:
                print('Closing Browser')
                self.browser.close()
                del self.browser
            except TypeError:
                print('Browser not opened')
    
    
    class WeiboCookiesGenerator(CookiesGenerator):
        def __init__(self, website='weibo'):
            """
            初始化操作
            :param website: 站点名称
            :param browser: 使用的浏览器
            """
            CookiesGenerator.__init__(self, website)
            self.website = website
        
        def new_cookies(self, username, password):
            """
            生成Cookies
            :param username: 用户名
            :param password: 密码
            :return: 用户名和Cookies
            """
            return WeiboCookies(username, password, self.browser).main()

     这部分是来判断是否登录成功

    import time
    from io import BytesIO
    from PIL import Image
    from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
    #from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from os import listdir
    from os.path import abspath, dirname
    
    TEMPLATES_FOLDER = dirname(abspath(__file__)) + '/templates/'
    
    
    class WeiboCookies():
        def __init__(self, username, password, browser):
            self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&r=https://m.weibo.cn/'
            self.browser = browser
            self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
            self.username = username
            self.password = password
        
        def open(self):
            """
            打开网页输入用户名密码并点击
            :return: None
            """
            self.browser.delete_all_cookies()
            self.browser.get(self.url)
            username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginName')))
            password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginPassword')))
            submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))
            username.send_keys(self.username)
            password.send_keys(self.password)
            time.sleep(1)
            submit.click()
        
        def password_error(self):
            """
            判断是否密码错误
            :return:
            """
            try:
                return WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(
                    EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.ID, 'errorMsg'), '用户名或密码错误'))
            except TimeoutException:
                return False
        
        def login_successfully(self):
            """
            判断是否登录成功
            :return:
            """
            try:
                return bool(
                    WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'lite-iconf-profile'))))
            except TimeoutException:
                return False
    
    def get_cookies(self):
            """
            获取Cookies
            :return:
            """
            return self.browser.get_cookies()
        
        def main(self):
            """
            破解入口
            :return:
            """
            self.open()
            if self.password_error():
                return {
                    'status': 2,
                    'content': '用户名或密码错误'
                }
            # 如果不需要验证码直接登录成功
            if self.login_successfully():
                cookies = self.get_cookies()
                return {
                    'status': 1,
                    'content': cookies
                }

     检测模块:获取到Cookies信息后还需要对Cookies的有效性进行检测,也就是通过登录返回的Response的状态码判断是否有效

    import json
    import requests
    from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
    from cookiespool.db import *
    
    
    class ValidTester(object):
        def __init__(self, website='default'):
            self.website = website
            self.cookies_db = RedisClient('cookies', self.website)
            self.accounts_db = RedisClient('accounts', self.website)
        
        def test(self, username, cookies):
            raise NotImplementedError
        
        def run(self):
            cookies_groups = self.cookies_db.all()
            for username, cookies in cookies_groups.items():
                self.test(username, cookies)
    
    
    class WeiboValidTester(ValidTester):
        def __init__(self, website='weibo'):
            ValidTester.__init__(self, website)
        
        def test(self, username, cookies):
            print('正在测试Cookies', '用户名', username)
            try:
                cookies = json.loads(cookies)
            except TypeError:
                print('Cookies不合法', username)
                self.cookies_db.delete(username)
                print('删除Cookies', username)
                return
            try:
                test_url = TEST_URL_MAP[self.website]
                response = requests.get(test_url, cookies=cookies, timeout=5, allow_redirects=False)
                if response.status_code == 200:
                    print('Cookies有效', username)
                else:
                    print(response.status_code, response.headers)
                    print('Cookies失效', username)
                    self.cookies_db.delete(username)
                    print('删除Cookies', username)
            except ConnectionError as e:
                print('发生异常', e.args)

     接口模块驱动其他几个模块的运行

    import time
    from multiprocessing import Process
    
    from cookiespool.api import app
    from cookiespool.generator import *
    from cookiespool.tester import *

    # 产生器类,如扩展其他站点,请在此配置
    GENERATOR_MAP = {
    'weibo': 'WeiboCookiesGenerator'
    }

    # 测试类,如扩展其他站点,请在此配置
    TESTER_MAP = {
    'weibo': 'WeiboValidTester'
    }

    TEST_URL_MAP = {
    'weibo': 'https://m.weibo.cn/'
    }

    # 产生器和验证器循环周期
    CYCLE = 120

    # 产生器开关,模拟登录添加Cookies
    GENERATOR_PROCESS = True
    # 验证器开关,循环检测数据库中Cookies是否可用,不可用删除
    VALID_PROCESS = True
    # API接口服务
    API_PROCESS = True

    class Scheduler(object):
        @staticmethod
        def valid_cookie(cycle=CYCLE):
            while True:
                print('Cookies检测进程开始运行')
                try:
                    for website, cls in TESTER_MAP.items():
                        tester = eval(cls + '(website="' + website + '")')
                        tester.run()
                        print('Cookies检测完成')
                        del tester
                        time.sleep(cycle)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e.args)
        
        @staticmethod
        def generate_cookie(cycle=CYCLE):
            while True:
                print('Cookies生成进程开始运行')
                try:
                    for website, cls in GENERATOR_MAP.items():
                        generator = eval(cls + '(website="' + website + '")')
                        generator.run()
                        print('Cookies生成完成')
                        generator.close()
                        time.sleep(cycle)
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e.args)
        
        @staticmethod
        def api():
            print('API接口开始运行')
            app.run(host=API_HOST, port=API_PORT)
        
        def run(self):
            if API_PROCESS:
                api_process = Process(target=Scheduler.api)
                api_process.start()
            
            if GENERATOR_PROCESS:
                generate_process = Process(target=Scheduler.generate_cookie)
                generate_process.start()
            
            if VALID_PROCESS:
                valid_process = Process(target=Scheduler.valid_cookie)
                valid_process.start()

     api接口

    import json
    from flask import Flask, g
    
    from cookiespool.db import *

    # API地址和端口
    API_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
    API_PORT = 5000

    __all__ = ['app']
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route('/')
    def index():
        return '<h2>Welcome to Cookie Pool System</h2>'
    
    
    def get_conn():
        """
        获取
        :return:
        """
        for website in GENERATOR_MAP:
            print(website)
            if not hasattr(g, website):
                setattr(g, website + '_cookies', eval('RedisClient' + '("cookies", "' + website + '")'))
                setattr(g, website + '_accounts', eval('RedisClient' + '("accounts", "' + website + '")'))
        return g
    
    
    @app.route('/<website>/random')
    def random(website):
        """
        获取随机的Cookie, 访问地址如 /weibo/random
        :return: 随机Cookie
        """
        g = get_conn()
        cookies = getattr(g, website + '_cookies').random()
        return cookies
    
    
    @app.route('/<website>/add/<username>/<password>')
    def add(website, username, password):
        """
        添加用户, 访问地址如 /weibo/add/user/password
        :param website: 站点
        :param username: 用户名
        :param password: 密码
        :return: 
        """
        g = get_conn()
        print(username, password)
        getattr(g, website + '_accounts').set(username, password)
        return json.dumps({'status': '1'})
    
    
    @app.route('/<website>/count')
    def count(website):
        """
        获取Cookies总数
        """
        g = get_conn()
        count = getattr(g, website + '_cookies').count()
        return json.dumps({'status': '1', 'count': count})
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app.run(host='0.0.0.0')

     运行效果如下

    github:https://github.com/jzxsWZY/CookiesPool

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jzxs/p/11084804.html
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