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  • shell常见脚本30例

    shell常见脚本30例

    author:headsen chen  2017-10-19  10:12:12

    本文原素材出自网上,特此申明。有些地方加入我自己的改动

    常见的30例shell脚本

    1.用Shell编程,判断一文件是不是字符设备文件,如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。

    #!/bin/sh
    FILENAME=
    echo “Input file name:”
    read FILENAME
    if [ -c "$FILENAME" ]
    then
    cp $FILENAME /dev
    fi

    2.设计一个shell程序,添加一个新组为class1,然后添加属于这个组的30个用户,用户名的形式为stdxx,其中xx从01到30。
    vim


    #!/bin/sh
    i=1
    groupadd class1
    while [ $i -le 30 ]
    do
    if [ $i -le 9 ] ;then
    USERNAME=stu0${i}
    else
    USERNAME=stu${i}
    fi
    useradd $USERNAME
    mkdir /home/$USERNAME
    chown -R $USERNAME /home/$USERNAME
    chgrp -R class1 /home/$USERNAME
    i=$(($i+1))
    done

    我自己写的脚本:
    #!/bin/bash
    # Author chen
    # Date 2017-07-31
    # Description:this is a user add scripts

    for i in `seq 30`
    do
    if [ $i -le 9 ]
    then
    useradd chen0$i
    usermod -a -G class1 chen0$i
    else
    useradd chen$i
    usermod -a -G class1 chen$i
    fi
    done


    ...............................................................................
    补充:awk中加条件表达式,用if()这种格式,NF 表示这一行的字符数

    [root@paris ~]# echo -e "abc dd" |awk '{if ( NF != 0 ) print $0}'
    abc
    dd
    ..............................................................................


    3.编写shell程序,实现自动删除50个账号的功能。账号名为stud1至stud50。

    #!/bin/sh
    i=1
    while [ $i -le 50 ]
    do
    userdel -r stud${i}
    i=$(($i+1 ))
    done

    我自己写的脚本
    for i in `seq 50`
    do
    userdel -r stud$i
    done

    4.某系统管理员需每天做一定的重复工作,请按照下列要求,编制一个解决方案:
    (1)在下午4 :50删除/abc目录下的全部子目录和全部文件;
    (2)从早8:00~下午6:00每小时读取/xyz目录下x1文件中每行第一个域的全部数据加入到/backup目录下的bak01.txt文件内;
    (3)每逢星期一下午5:50将/data目录下的所有目录和文件归档并压缩为文件:backup.tar.gz;
    (4)在下午5:55将IDE接口的CD-ROM卸载(假设:CD-ROM的设备名为hdc);
    (5)在早晨8:00前开机后启动。


    解决方案:
    (1)用vi创建编辑一个名为prgx的crontab文件;
    (2)prgx文件的内容:

    50 16 * * * rm -r /abc/*
    0 8-18/1 * * * cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >;>; /backup/bak01.txt
    50 17 * * * tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /data
    55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc

    (3)由超级用户登录,用crontab执行 prgx文件中的内容:
    root@xxx:#crontab prgx;在每日早晨8:00之前开机后即可自动启动crontab。

    我做的:
    [root@paris b]# crontab -e
    50 4 * * * sh /tmp/b/del.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
    0 8-16 * * * sh /tmp/b/read.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
    50 5 * * 1 sh /tmp/b/tar.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
    55 5 * * * sh /tmp/b/umount.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
    00 8 * * * sh /tmp/b/startup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

    rm -rf /abc/*
    cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >>/backup/data01.txt
    tar -zvcf backup.tar.gz /data/*
    umount /dev/hdc

    service crond restart


    5.设计一个shell程序,在每月第一天备份并压缩/etc目录的所有内容,存放在/root/bak目录里,且文件名为如下形式yymmdd_etc,yy为年,mm为月,dd为日。Shell程序fileback存放在/usr/bin目录下。

    (1)编写shell程序fileback:

    #!/bin/sh
    DIRNAME=`ls /root | grep bak`
    if [ -z "$DIRNAME" ] ; then
    mkdir /root/bak
    cd /root/bak
    fi
    YY=`date +%y`
    MM=`date +%m`
    DD=`date +%d`
    BACKETC=$YY$MM$DD_etc.tar.gz
    tar zcvf $BACKETC /etc
    echo “fileback finished!”

    (2)编写任务定时器:

    echo “0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback” >; /root/etcbakcron
    crontab /root/etcbakcron
    或使用crontab -e 命令添加定时任务:
    0 1 * * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback --------------------注意:用/bin/sh 而不是sh

    6.有一普通用户想在每周日凌晨零点零分定期备份/user/backup到/tmp目录下,该用户应如何做?

    (1)第一种方法:

    用户应使用crontab –e 命令创建crontab文件。格式如下:
    0 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp

    (2)第二种方法:
    用户先在自己目录下新建文件file,文件内容如下:

    0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp
    然后执行 crontab file 使生效。

    7.设计一个Shell程序,在/userdata目录下建立50个目录,即user1~user50,并设置每个目录的权限,其中其他用户的权限为:读;文件所有者的权限为:读、写、执行;文件所有者所在组的权限为:读、执行。

    建立程序 Pro16如下:

    #!/bin/sh
    i=1
    while [ i -le 50 ]
    do
    if [ -d /userdata ];then
    mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
    chmod -R 754 /userdata/user$i =-------------------必需加上-R 参数,否则目录权限为755
    echo “user$i”
    let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))
    else
    mkdir /userdata
    mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
    chmod 754 /userdata/user$i
    echo “user$i”
    let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))
    fi
    done

    我自己做的:
    #!/bin/bash
    for i in `seq 50`
    do
    mkdir -p /userdata/user$i
    chmod -R 754 /userdata/$1
    done


    8、mysql备份实例,自动备份mysql,并删除30天前的备份文件

    #!/bin/sh

    #auto backup mysql
    #wugk 2012-07-14
    #PATH DEFINE

    BAKDIR=/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`
    MYSQLDB=www
    MYSQLPW=backup
    MYSQLUSR=backup

    if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then
    echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!
    sleep 2
    exit 0
    fi

    if[ ! -d $BAKDIR ];then
    mkdir -p $BAKDIR
    else
    echo This is $BAKDIR exists ,please exit ….
    sleep 2
    exit
    fi

    ###mysqldump backup mysql

    /usr/bin/mysqldump -u$MYSQLUSR -p$MYSQLPW -d $MYSQLDB >/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`/www_db.sql

    cd $BAKDIR ; tar -czf www_mysql_db.tar.gz *.sql

    cd $BAKDIR ;find . -name “*.sql” |xargs rm -rf[ $? -eq 0 ]&&echo “This `date +%Y-%m-%d` RESIN BACKUP is SUCCESS”

    cd /data/backup/mysql/ ;find . -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf

    9、自动安装Nginx脚本,采用case方式,选择方式,也可以根据实际需求改成自己想要的脚本

    #!/bin/sh

    ###nginx install shell
    ###wugk 2012-07-14
    ###PATH DEFINE

    SOFT_PATH=/data/soft/
    NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz
    DOWN_PATH=http://nginx.org/download/

    if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then
    echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!
    sleep 2
    exit 0
    fi

    if[ ! -d $SOFT_PATH ];then
    mkdir -p $SOFT_PATH
    fi

    download ()
    {
    cd $SOFT_PATH ;wget $DOWN_PATH/$NGINX_FILE
    }

    install ()
    {
    yum install pcre-devel -y
    cd $SOFT_PATH ;tar xzf $NGINX_FILE ;cd nginx-1.2.0/ &&./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
    [ $? -eq 0 ]&&make &&make install
    }

    start ()
    {
    lsof -i :80[ $? -ne 0 ]&&/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    }

    stop ()
    {
    ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9
    }

    exit ()
    {
    echo $? ;exit
    }

    ###case menu #####

    case $1 in
    download )
    download
    ;;

    install )
    install
    ;;

    start )
    start
    ;;
    stop )
    stop
    ;;

    * )

    echo “USAGE:$0 {download or install or start or stop}”
    exit
    esac

    10、批量解压tar脚本,批量解压zip并且建立当前目录。

    #!/bin/sh
    PATH1=/tmp/images
    PATH2=/usr/www/images
    for i in `ls ${PATH1}/*`
    do
    tar xvf $i -C $PATH2
    done

    这个脚本是针对所有tar文件在一个目录,但是实际情况中,有可能在下级或者更深的目录,我们可以使用find查找

    #!/bin/sh
    PATH1=/tmp/images
    PATH2=/usr/www/images
    for i in `find $PATH1 -name ”*.tar” `
    do
    tar xvf $i -C $PATH2
    done

    如何是zip文件,例如123189.zip 132342.zip 等等批量文件,默认unzip直接解压不带自身目录,意思是解压123189.zip完当前目录就是图片,不能创建123189目录下并解压,可以用shell脚本实现

    #!/bin/sh
    PATH1=/tmp/images
    PATH2=/usr/www/images
    cd $PATH1

    for i in `find . -name ”*.zip”|awk -F. {print $2} `
    do

    mkdir -p PATH2$i

    unzip -o .$i.zip -d PATH2$i
    done


    ssh 批量上传文件

    上传文件大多数用的是ftp,但是用ftp有一点不好,就是本地和远程的目录要对应,这样就要在多个目录下去切换,这样挺麻烦的,如果不注意的话,很有可能传错。所以想了个办法利用scp来批量上传文件或者目录。

    一,scp上传不要输入密码
    如果要用scp来上传文件,第一步就要去掉scp上传时要输入密码。要不然就没办法批量上传了。具体请参考:ssh 不用输入密码

    二,ssh批量上传脚本

    1,要上传的文件列表放到一个test文件中

    root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# cat test
    /home/zhangy/test/aaa
    /home/zhangy/test/nginx.conf

    /home/zhangy/test/test.sql
    /home/zhangy/test/pa.txt
    /home/zhangy/test/password

    上面就要上传的文件。

    2,批量上传的脚本

    vim file_upload.sh

    #!/bin/sh

    DATE=`date +%Y_%m_%d_%H`

    if [ $1 ]
    then
    for file in $(sed '/^$/d' $1) //去掉空行
    do
    if [ -f $file ] //普通文件
    then
    res=`scp $file $2:$file` //上传文件
    if [ -z $res ] //上传成功
    then
    echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log //上传成功的日志
    fi
    elif [ -d $file ] //目录
    then
    res=`scp -r $file $2:$file`
    if [ -z $res ]
    then
    echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log
    fi
    fi
    done
    else
    echo "no file" >> ${DATE}_error.log
    fi

    上传成功后,返回的是一个空行,上传不成功,什么都不返回

    3,上传的格式

    ./file_upload.sh test 192.168.1.13
    test是上传列表文件,192.168.1.13文件要传到的地方。
    0



    1. 转换文件大小写:
    A script to convert the specified filenames to lower case.

    #!/bin/sh
    # lowerit
    # convert all file names in the current directory to lower case
    # only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories
    # will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file
    for x in `ls`
    do
    if [ ! -f $x ]; then
    continue
    fi
    lc=`echo $x | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
    if [ $lc != $x ]; then
    mv -i $x $lc
    fi
    done


    or

    if test $# = 0
    then
    echo "Usage $0: <files>" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    for filename in "$@"
    do
    new_filename=`echo "$filename" | tr A-Z a-z`
    test "$filename" = "$new_filename" && continue
    if test -r "$new_filename"
    then
    echo "$0: $new_filename exists" 1>&2
    elif test -e "$filename"
    then
    mv "$filename" "$new_filename"
    else
    echo "$0: $filename not found" 1>&2
    fi
    done


    2. 看网站 Watch a Website

    A script to repeated download a webpage until it matches a regex then notify an e-mail address.
    For example to get e-mail when Kesha tickets (not for yourself of course) go on sale you might run:

    % watch_website.sh http://ticketek.com.au/ 'Ke[sS$]+ha' andrewt@cse.unsw.edu.au

    repeat_seconds=300 #check every 5 minutes

    if test $# = 3
    then
    url=$1
    regexp=$2
    email_address=$3
    else
    echo "Usage: $0 <url> <regex>" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    while true
    do
    if wget -O- -q "$url"|egrep "$regexp" >/dev/null
    then
    echo "Generated by $0" | mail -s "$url now matches $regexp" $email_address
    exit 0
    fi
    sleep $repeat_seconds
    done


    3. 转GIF到PNG convert GIF files to PNG

    This scripts converts GIF files to PNG files via the intermediate PPM format.

    if [ $# -eq 0 ]
    then
    echo "Usage: $0 files..." 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    if ! type giftopnm 2>/dev/null
    then
    echo "$0: conversion tool giftopnm not found " 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    # missing "in ..." defaults to in "$@"
    for f
    do
    case "$f" in
    *.gif)
    # OK, do nothing
    ;;
    *)
    echo "gif2png: skipping $f, not GIF"
    continue
    ;;
    esac

    dir=`dirname "$f"`
    base=`basename "$f" .gif`
    result="$dir/$base.png"

    giftopnm "$f" | pnmtopng > $result && echo "wrote $result"
    done


    4. 计数 Counting

    A utility script to print the sub-range of integers specified by its arguments.
    Useful to use on the command line or from other scripts

    if test $# = 1
    then
    start=1
    finish=$1
    elif test $# = 2
    then
    start=$1
    finish=$2
    else
    echo "Usage: $0 <start> <finish>" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    for argument in "$@"
    do
    if echo "$argument"|egrep -v '^-?[0-9]+$' >/dev/null
    then
    echo "$0: argument '$argument' is not an integer" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi
    done

    number=$start
    while test $number -le $finish
    do
    echo $number
    number=`expr $number + 1` # or number=$(($number + 1))
    done


    5. 字频率 Word Frequency
    Count the number of time each different word occurs in the files given as arguments.

    sed 's/ / /g' "$@"| # convert to one word per line
    tr A-Z a-z| # map uppercase to lower case
    sed "s/[^a-z']//g"| # remove all characters except a-z and '
    egrep -v '^$'| # remove empty lines
    sort| # place words in alphabetical order
    uniq -c| # use uniq to count how many times each word occurs
    sort -n # order words in frequency of occurrance
    For example

    % cd /home/cs2041/public_html/lec/shell/examples
    % ./word_frequency.sh dracula.txt|tail
    2124 it
    2440 that
    2486 in
    2549 he
    2911 a
    3600 of
    4448 to
    4740 i
    5833 and
    7843 the


    6. Finding

    Search $PATH for the specified programs

    if test $# = 0
    then
    echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    for program in "$@"
    do
    program_found=''
    for directory in `echo "$PATH" | tr ':' ' '`
    do
    f="$directory/$program"
    if test -x "$f"
    then
    ls -ld "$f"
    program_found=1
    fi
    done
    if test -z $program_found
    then
    echo "$program not found"
    fi
    done

    Alternative implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

    if test $# = 0
    then
    echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi

    for program in "$@"
    do
    echo "$PATH"|
    tr ':' ' '|
    while read directory
    do
    f="$directory/$program"
    if test -x "$f"
    then
    ls -ld "$f"
    fi
    done|
    egrep '.' || echo "$program not found"
    done

    And another implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

    if test $# = 0
    then
    echo "Usage $0: <program>" 1>&2
    exit 1
    fi
    for program in "$@"
    do
    n_path_components=`echo $PATH|tr -d -c :|wc -c`
    index=1
    while test $index -le $n_path_components
    do
    directory=`echo "$PATH"|cut -d: -f$index`
    f="$directory/$program"
    if test -x "$f"
    then
    ls -ld "$f"
    program_found=1
    fi
    index=`expr $index + 1`
    done
    test -n $program_found || echo "$program not found"
    done

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kaishirenshi/p/7690988.html
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