excel文件内容:
读取excel:
# coding=utf-8 import xlrd import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') import traceback class excelHandle: def decode(self, filename, sheetname): try: filename = filename.decode('utf-8') sheetname = sheetname.decode('utf-8') except Exception: print traceback.print_exc() return filename, sheetname def read_excel(self, filename, sheetname): filename, sheetname = self.decode(filename, sheetname) rbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename) sheet = rbook.sheet_by_name(sheetname) rows = sheet.nrows cols = sheet.ncols all_content = [] for i in range(rows): row_content = [] for j in range(cols): cell = sheet.cell_value(i, j) row_content.append(cell) all_content.append(row_content) print '[' + ','.join("'" + str(element) + "'" for element in row_content) + ']' return all_content if __name__ == '__main__': eh = excelHandle() filename = r'G: estctype.xls' sheetname = 'Sheet1' eh.read_excel(filename, sheetname)
输出:
['整形','175.0'] ['字符串','最后的骑士'] ['浮点型','6.23'] ['日期','42909.6461574'] ['空值',''] ['布尔型','1']
可以看到,数字一律按浮点型输出,日期却输出成一串小数?!布尔型输出0或1
代码稍做改动:来看一看表格的数据类型
for i in range(rows): row_content = [] for j in range(cols): ctype = sheet.cell(i, j).ctype #表格的数据类型 print ctype, cell = sheet.cell_value(i, j) row_content.append(cell) all_content.append(row_content) print print '[' + ','.join("'" + str(element) + "'" for element in row_content) + ']'
输出:
1 2 ['整形','175.0'] 1 1 ['字符串','最后的骑士'] 1 2 ['浮点型','6.23'] 1 3 ['日期','42909.6461574'] 1 0 ['空值',''] 1 4 ['布尔型','1']
python读取excel中单元格的内容返回的有5种类型,即上面例子中的ctype:
ctype: 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
所以,判断一下ctype,然后再做相应处理就可以了。
最终代码:
# coding=utf-8 import xlrd import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') import traceback from datetime import datetime from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple class excelHandle: def decode(self, filename, sheetname): try: filename = filename.decode('utf-8') sheetname = sheetname.decode('utf-8') except Exception: print traceback.print_exc() return filename, sheetname def read_excel(self, filename, sheetname): filename, sheetname = self.decode(filename, sheetname) rbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename) sheet = rbook.sheet_by_name(sheetname) rows = sheet.nrows cols = sheet.ncols all_content = [] for i in range(rows): row_content = [] for j in range(cols): ctype = sheet.cell(i, j).ctype # 表格的数据类型 cell = sheet.cell_value(i, j) if ctype == 2 and cell % 1 == 0: # 如果是整形 cell = int(cell) elif ctype == 3: # 转成datetime对象 date = datetime(*xldate_as_tuple(cell, 0)) cell = date.strftime('%Y/%d/%m %H:%M:%S') elif ctype == 4: cell = True if cell == 1 else False row_content.append(cell) all_content.append(row_content) print '[' + ','.join("'" + str(element) + "'" for element in row_content) + ']' return all_content if __name__ == '__main__': eh = excelHandle() filename = r'G: estctype.xls' sheetname = 'Sheet1' eh.read_excel(filename, sheetname)
输出:
['整形','175'] ['字符串','最后的骑士'] ['浮点型','6.23'] ['日期','2017/23/06 15:30:28'] ['空值',''] ['布尔型','True']
Python读取Excel
import xlrd
xlsFile = xlrd.open_workbook(FilePath)
xlsFile.sheet_names() //返回所有的分表的名字
book = xlsFile.sheet_by_index(index) //按照索引读取表格
book.nrows book.ncols 行和列
cel=book.cell(row, col) //表格的元素
type = cel.ctype //表格的类型
type的类型对应的不同的值
ctype: 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
二、使用介绍
1、导入模块
import xlrd
2、打开Excel文件读取数据
data = xlrd.open_workbook('excelFile.xls')
3、使用技巧
获取一个工作表
table = data.sheets()[0] #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_index(0) #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')#通过名称获取
获取整行和整列的值(数组)
table.row_values(i)
table.col_values(i)
获取行数和列数
nrows = table.nrows
ncols = table.ncols
循环行列表数据
for i in range(nrows ):
print table.row_values(i)
单元格
cell_A1 = table.cell(0,0).value
cell_C4 = table.cell(2,3).value
使用行列索引
cell_A1 = table.row(0)[0].value
cell_A2 = table.col(1)[0].value
简单的写入
row = 0
col = 0
# 类型 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
ctype = 1 value = '单元格的值'
xf = 0 # 扩展的格式化
table.put_cell(row, col, ctype, value, xf)
table.cell(0,0) #单元格的值'
table.cell(0,0).value #单元格的值'
更多操作excel可参考:http://www.2cto.com/kf/201501/373655.html