视图家族

目录

• 视图家族
  • **1.View: **
  • 2.APIView
  • 3.GenericAPIView:
  • 4.mixins包：
  • 5.generics包：
  • 6.ViewSetMixin
  • 7.视图集基类:
  • 8.常用Model视图集

视图家族

**1.View: **

1. 将请求方式与视图类的同名方法建立映射,完成请求响应

2.APIView

1. 拥有View的所有功能
2. 重写as_view禁用csrf认证
3. 重写dispatch: 请求、响应、渲染、异常、解析、三个认证
4. 多了一堆类属性，可以完成试图类地局部配置

eg:
	class StudentAPIView(APIView):
        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        
            stu_query = models.Student.objects.all()
            stu_ser = serializers.StudentModelSerializer(stu_query, many=True)
            
            return Response(stu_ser.data)

3.GenericAPIView:

1. 拥有APIView的所有功能
2. 三个方法: get_object()、get_queryset()、get_serializer()
3. 三个属性： queryset、serializer_class、lookup_url_kwargs

eg:
	class StudentGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
        queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer
        
        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        
            # stu_query = models.Student.objects.all()
            stu_query = self.get_queryset()
            
            # stu_ser = serializers.StudentModelSerializer(stu_query, many=True)
            stu_ser = self.get_serializer(stu_query, many=True)
            
            return Response(stu_ser.data)

	

4.mixins包：

1. 五大工具类： RetrieveModelMinxin , ListModelMixin , CreateModelMixin , UpdateModelMixin,
2. 六大工具方法：retrieve , list , create, update , partial_update , destroy

from rest_framework import mixins
class StudentMixinGenericAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer
    
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

5.generics包：

1. 一堆mixins工具类与GenericAPIView视图基类组合

from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, ListAPIView, UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView

class StudentMixinAPIView(CreateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, ListAPIView, UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer
    # url中单查，不一定必须提供主键，提供一切唯一键的字段名均可
    lookup_url_kwarg = 'id'

    # 有删除需求的接口继承DestroyAPIView，重写destroy完成字段删除
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

6.ViewSetMixin

1. 重写as_view(), 完成请求方式与视图方法的自定义映射
2. 例子： as_view({'get': 'my_get'})

# 视图集
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class StudentModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer

    def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('my post ok')  # 需要在url中做映射

7.视图集基类:

1. ViewSet(ViewSetMixin, APIView): 可以自定义映射关系的APIView
2. GeneriViewSet(ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView): 可以自定义映射关系的GenericAPIView

8.常用Model视图集

1. ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
   mixins.ListModelMixin,
   GenericViewSet)
   (某一资源的六大操作视图集)

2. ReadOnlyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
   mixins.ListModelMixin,
   GenericViewSet)
   (某一资源的只读操作视图集)