使用dict
时,Key是无序的。在对dict
做迭代时,我们无法确定Key的顺序。
如果要保持Key的顺序,可以用OrderedDict
:
1 from collections import OrderedDict 2 d = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]) 3 d # dict的Key是无序的 4 {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2} 5 od = OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]) 6 od # OrderedDict的Key是有序的 7 OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])
注意,OrderedDict
的Key会按照插入的顺序排列,不是Key本身排序:
od = OrderedDict() od['z'] = 1 od['y'] = 2 od['x'] = 3 od.keys() # 按照插入的Key的顺序返回 ['z', 'y', 'x']
OrderedDict
可以实现一个FIFO(先进先出)的dict,当容量超出限制时,先删除最早添加的Key:
from collections import OrderedDict class LastUpdatedOrderedDict(OrderedDict): def __init__(self, capacity): super(LastUpdatedOrderedDict, self).__init__() self._capacity = capacity def __setitem__(self, key, value): containsKey = 1 if key in self else 0 if len(self) - containsKey >= self._capacity: last = self.popitem(last=False) print 'remove:', last if containsKey: del self[key] print 'set:', (key, value) else: print 'add:', (key, value) OrderedDict.__setitem__(self, key, value)