1、编写脚本/root/bin/backup.sh，可实现每日将/etc/目录备份到/root/etcYYYY-mm-dd中
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /root/bin/backup.sh #!/bin/bash cp -a /etc/ /root/etc`date +%F`
[root@centos7 ~]#chmod +x bin/backup.sh
2、编写脚本/root/bin/disk.sh，显示当前硬盘分区中空间利用率最大的值
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /root/bin/disk.sh #!/bin/bash df | grep "/dev/sd" | tr -s " " % | cut -d % -f 5 | sort -nr | sed -n '1p'
[root@centos7 ~]#chmod +x /root/bin/disk.sh
[root@centos7 ~]#disk.sh 16
3、编写脚本/root/bin/nologin.sh和login.sh，实现禁止和允许普通用户登录系统
创建/etc/nologin文件就可以实现禁止普通用户。
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /root/bin/nologin.sh #!/bin/bash FILE="/etc/nologin" [ ! -e "$FILE" ] && touch $FILE && { echo "已禁止普通用户登录" ; exit ; } || { echo "默认已禁止普通用户登录" ; exit ; }
[root@centos7 ~]#chmod +x /root/bin/nologin.sh
[root@centos7 ~]#nologin.sh 已禁止普通用户登录
[root@centos7 ~]#nologin.sh 默认已禁止普通用户登录
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /root/bin/login.sh #!/bin/bash FILE="/etc/nologin" [ -e "$FILE" ] && rm -f $FILE && { echo "已允许普通用户登录" ; exit ; } || { echo "默认已允许普通用户登录" ; exit ; }
[root@centos7 ~]#chmod +x /root/bin/login.sh
[root@centos7 ~]#login.sh 已允许普通用户登录
[root@centos7 ~]#login.sh 默认已允许普通用户登录
4、查找/var目录下不属于root、lp、gdm的所有文件
[root@centos7 ~]#find /var/ ! ( -user root -o -user lp -o -user gdm ) /var/tmp/abrt /var/lib/rpcbind /var/lib/colord /var/lib/colord/icc /var/lib/colord/mapping.db /var/lib/colord/storage.db /var/lib/colord/.cache /var/lib/chrony /var/lib/tpm /var/lib/libvirt/qemu /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/save /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/dump /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/ram /var/lib/geoclue /var/lib/nfs/statd /var/lib/nfs/statd/sm /var/lib/nfs/statd/sm.bak /var/lib/nfs/state /var/lib/setroubleshoot /var/lib/setroubleshoot/setroubleshoot_database.xml /var/lib/setroubleshoot/email_alert_recipients /var/lib/pulse /var/lib/postfix /var/lib/postfix/master.lock /var/log/chrony /var/cache/abrt-di /var/cache/libvirt/qemu /var/spool/mail/rpc /var/spool/mail/kkk /var/spool/mail/test /var/spool/abrt-upload /var/spool/postfix/active /var/spool/postfix/bounce /var/spool/postfix/corrupt /var/spool/postfix/defer /var/spool/postfix/deferred /var/spool/postfix/flush /var/spool/postfix/hold /var/spool/postfix/incoming /var/spool/postfix/maildrop /var/spool/postfix/private /var/spool/postfix/private/tlsmgr /var/spool/postfix/private/rewrite /var/spool/postfix/private/bounce /var/spool/postfix/private/defer /var/spool/postfix/private/trace /var/spool/postfix/private/verify /var/spool/postfix/private/proxymap /var/spool/postfix/private/proxywrite /var/spool/postfix/private/smtp /var/spool/postfix/private/relay /var/spool/postfix/private/error /var/spool/postfix/private/retry /var/spool/postfix/private/discard /var/spool/postfix/private/local /var/spool/postfix/private/virtual /var/spool/postfix/private/lmtp /var/spool/postfix/private/anvil /var/spool/postfix/private/scache /var/spool/postfix/public /var/spool/postfix/public/pickup /var/spool/postfix/public/cleanup /var/spool/postfix/public/qmgr /var/spool/postfix/public/flush /var/spool/postfix/public/showq /var/spool/postfix/saved /var/spool/postfix/trace /var/spool/at /var/spool/at/spool /var/spool/at/.SEQ
5、统计/etc/init.d/functions文件中每个单词的出现次数，并排序（用grep和sed两种方法分别实现）
[root@centos7 ~]#grep -Eo "[[:alpha:]]+" /etc/init.d/functions | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
[root@centos7 ~]#sed -nre 's/[^[:alpha:]]+/ /gp' /etc/init.d/functions | sort -nr | tr -s " " | uniq -c | sort -nr
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/init.d/functions | tr -c "[:alpha:]" " " | tr -s " " | sort -nr | tr -s "[:space:]" | uniq -c | sort -nr
6、利用sed取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
[root@centos7 ~]#ifconfig | sed -nr '/inet[[:space:]]+/p' | sed -r 's/.*inet[[:space:]]+(.*)[[:space:]]+netmask.*/1/' 192.168.30.104 192.168.1.109 127.0.0.1 192.168.122.1
7、总结yum的配置和使用，包括yum仓库的创建
检查httpd是否安装
[root@centos7 ~]#rpm -q httpd
package httpd is not installed
安装httpd服务
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install httpd -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos base 87 k mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================ Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 2.8 M Installed size: 9.6 M Downloading packages: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 5.3 MB/s | 2.8 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/3 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/3 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/3 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/3 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos Dependency Installed: httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 Complete!
启动httpd，并设置开机自启动
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start httpd [root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable httpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
查看httpd状态
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-07-23 02:28:22 CST; 58s ago Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) Main PID: 9052 (httpd) Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec" CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─9052 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─9053 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─9054 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─9055 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─9056 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND └─9057 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND Jul 23 02:28:21 centos7.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP ... Jul 23 02:28:21 centos7.localdomain httpd[9052]: AH00558: httpd: Could no... Jul 23 02:28:22 centos7.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP S... Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
在httpd路径下创建yum仓库目录
[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64/ [root@centos7 ~]#tree /var/www/html/ /var/www/html/ └── centos ├── 6 │ └── os │ └── x86_64 └── 7 └── os └── x86_64 7 directories, 0 files
把镜像挂载到仓库目录，并检查挂载情况
[root@centos7 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/ mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@centos7 ~]#df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 52403200 3995032 48408168 8% / devtmpfs 535296 0 535296 0% /dev tmpfs 550036 0 550036 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 550036 7960 542076 2% /run tmpfs 550036 0 550036 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda3 31441920 35756 31406164 1% /data /dev/sda1 1038336 161620 876716 16% /boot tmpfs 110008 20 109988 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 8490330 8490330 0 100% /misc/cd tmpfs 110008 0 110008 0% /run/user/1000
打开浏览器访问http://X.X.X.X/centos/7/os/x86_64
编写repo文件
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo [base] name=base baseurl=http://192.168.30.104/centos/7/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0
清除旧缓存并创建新缓存
[root@centos7 ~]#yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Cleaning repos: base Cleaning up everything Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@centos7 ~]#yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks base | 3.6 kB 00:00 (1/4): base/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00 (2/4): base/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00 (3/4): base/filelists_db | 6.7 MB 00:00 (4/4): base/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00 Determining fastest mirrors Metadata Cache Created
查看所有仓库
[root@centos7 ~]#yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile repo id repo name status base base 9,591 repolist: 9,591
安装软件测试
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install tree -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================ Installing: tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 46 k Installed size: 87 k Downloading packages: tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 Complete!
创建yum仓库
createrepo
[root@centos7 ~]#cp /misc/cd/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm /data/ [root@centos7 ~]#createrepo /data/ Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs Spawning worker 1 with 0 pkgs Workers Finished Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete
8、编写系统初始化脚本reset.sh，包括别名，提示符颜色，yum仓库配置问紧啊，安装tree、ftp、lftp、telnet等包
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /root/bin/reset.sh #!/bin/bash echo "Init system" sleep 1 VERSION=`egrep -o "[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release | head -n 1` echo "Current system version is Centos $VERSION" echo "Start setting alias" sleep 1 cat >> /root/.bashrc << END alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i' alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/' alias ipconfig='ifconfig | egrep -o "<([[:digit:]]{1,3}.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3}>" | head -n 1' END echo "Alias be ready" echo "Start setting SP1" sleep 1 [ "$VERSION" -eq 7 ] && echo 'PS1="[e[1;36m][u@h W]\$[e[0m]"' >> /etc/profile.d/env.sh && source /etc/profile.d/env.sh && echo "SP1 be ready" # [ "$VERSION" -eq 6 ] && echo 'PS1="[e[1;32m][u@h W]\$[e[0m]"' >> /etc/profile.d/env.sh && source /etc/profile.d/env.sh && echo "SP1 be ready" echo "Start setting yum repo" sleep 1 ls /meida/cdrom/ &> /dev/null || { mkdir /media/cdrom &> /dev/null ; mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom &> /dev/null } mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/ cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo << END [base] name=CentOS "$VERSION" baseurl=file:///media/cdrom gpgcheck=0 [epel] name=epel baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0 END echo "Yum repo be ready" echo "Start intalling rpms" sleep 1 yum clean all && yum makecache &> /dev/null yum install tree ftp lftp telnet -y &> /dev/null echo "Tree, ftp, lftp, telnet already install" echo "Start stopping firewall" sleep 1 [ "$VERSION" -eq 7 ] && `systemctl stop firewalld` && `systemctl disable firewalld` &> dev/null && echo "Firewall already stop" # [ "$VERSION" -eq 6 ] && `service iptables stop` && `chkconfig iptables off` && echo "Firewall already stop" echo "Init system over"
9、在CentOS7上编译安装apache2.4源码包，并启动此服务
安装Development Tools
[root@centos7 ~]#yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
安装apr-devel
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install apr-devel -y
安装apr-util-devel
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install apr-util-devel -y
安装pcre-devel
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install pcre-devel -y
创建/app目录
[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir /app
解压
[root@centos7 ~]#tar xvf httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2
进入httpd目录并执行configure编译
[root@centos7 ~]#cd httpd-2.4.39/ [root@centos7 httpd-2.4.39]#./configure --prefix=/app
安装
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.39]#make -j 8 && make install
环境变量加上httpd路径
[root@centos7 ~]#echo "PATH=/app/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/env.sh [root@centos7 ~]#. /etc/profile.d/env.sh
启动httpd
[root@centos7 ~]#apachectl start
