https://www.cnblogs.com/yxnyd/p/9801396.html
HttpClient(二)HttpClient使用Ip代理与处理连接超时
前言
其实前面写的那一点点东西都是轻轻点水,其实HttpClient还有很多强大的功能:
一、HttpClient使用代理IP
1.1、前言
在爬取网页的时候,有的目标站点有反爬虫机制,对于频繁访问站点以及规则性访问站点的行为,会采集屏蔽IP措施。
这时候,代理IP就派上用场了。可以使用代理IP,屏蔽一个就换一个IP。
关于代理IP的话 也分几种 透明代理、匿名代理、混淆代理、高匿代理,一般使用高匿代理。
1.2、几种代理IP
1)透明代理(Transparent Proxy)
REMOTE_ADDR = Proxy IP
HTTP_VIA = Proxy IP
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = Your IP
透明代理虽然可以直接“隐藏”你的IP地址,但是还是可以从HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR来查到你是谁。
2)匿名代理(Anonymous Proxy)
REMOTE_ADDR = proxy IP
HTTP_VIA = proxy IP
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = proxy IP
匿名代理比透明代理进步了一点:别人只能知道你用了代理,无法知道你是谁。
还有一种比纯匿名代理更先进一点的:混淆代理
3)混淆代理(Distorting Proxies)
REMOTE_ADDR = Proxy IP
HTTP_VIA = Proxy IP
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = Random IP address
如上,与匿名代理相同,如果使用了混淆代理,别人还是能知道你在用代理,但是会得到一个假的IP地址,伪装的更逼真。
4)高匿代理(Elite proxy或High Anonymity Proxy)
REMOTE_ADDR = Proxy IP
HTTP_VIA = not determined
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = not determined
可以看出来,高匿代理让别人根本无法发现你是在用代理,所以是最好的选择。
一般我们搞爬虫 用的都是 高匿的代理IP;
那代理IP 从哪里搞呢 很简单 百度一下,你就知道 一大堆代理IP站点。 一般都会给出一些免费的,但是花点钱搞收费接口更加方便。
1.3、实例来使用代理Ip
使用 RequestConfig.custom().setProxy(proxy).build() 来设置代理IP
package com.jxlg.study.httpclient;
import com.sun.org.apache.regexp.internal.RE;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UseProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建httpClient实例
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建httpGet实例
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.tuicool.com");
//设置代理IP,设置连接超时时间 、 设置 请求读取数据的超时时间 、 设置从connect Manager获取Connection超时时间、
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("58.60.255.82",8118);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setProxy(proxy)
.setConnectTimeout(10000)
.setSocketTimeout(10000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(3000)
.build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
//设置请求头消息
httpGet.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36");
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (response != null){
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); //获取返回实体
if (entity != null){
System.out.println("网页内容为:"+ EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8"));
}
}
if (response != null){
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null){
httpClient.close();
}
}
}
1.4、实际开发中怎么去获取代理ip
我们可以使用HttpClient来 爬取 http://www.xicidaili.com/ 上最新的20条的高匿代理IP,来保存到 链表中,当一个IP被屏蔽之后获取连接超时时,
就接着取出 链表中的一个IP,以此类推,可以判断当链表中的数量小于5的时候,就重新爬取 代理IP 来保存到链表中。
1.5、HttpClient连接超时及读取超时
httpClient在执行具体http请求时候 有一个连接的时间和读取内容的时间;
1)HttpClient连接时间
所谓连接的时候 是HttpClient发送请求的地方开始到连接上目标url主机地址的时间,理论上是距离越短越快,
线路越通畅越快,但是由于路由复杂交错,往往连接上的时间都不固定,运气不好连不上,HttpClient的默认连接时间,据我测试,
默认是1分钟,假如超过1分钟 过一会继续尝试连接,这样会有一个问题 假如遇到一个url老是连不上,会影响其他线程的线程进去,说难听点,
就是蹲着茅坑不拉屎。所以我们有必要进行特殊设置,比如设置10秒钟 假如10秒钟没有连接上 我们就报错,这样我们就可以进行业务上的处理,
比如我们业务上控制 过会再连接试试看。并且这个特殊url写到log4j日志里去。方便管理员查看。
2)HttpClient读取时间
所谓读取的时间 是HttpClient已经连接到了目标服务器,然后进行内容数据的获取,一般情况 读取数据都是很快速的,
但是假如读取的数据量大,或者是目标服务器本身的问题(比如读取数据库速度慢,并发量大等等..)也会影响读取时间。
同上,我们还是需要来特殊设置下,比如设置10秒钟 假如10秒钟还没读取完,就报错,同上,我们可以业务上处理。
比如我们这里给个地址 http://central.maven.org/maven2/,这个是国外地址 连接时间比较长的,而且读取的内容多 。很容易出现连接超时和读取超时。
我们如何用代码实现呢?
HttpClient给我们提供了一个RequestConfig类 专门用于配置参数比如连接时间,读取时间以及前面讲解的代理IP等。
例子:
package com.jxlg.study.httpclient;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TimeSetting {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://central.maven.org/maven2/");
RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000)
.setSocketTimeout(5000)
.build();
httpGet.setConfig(config);
httpGet.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36");
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (response != null){
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("网页内容为:"+ EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8"));
}
if (response != null){
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null){
httpClient.close();
}
}
}
由于项目中有用到HttpClient异步发送大量http请求,所以做已记录
思路:使用HttpClient连接池,多线程
public class HttpAsyncClient {
private static int socketTimeout = 500;// 设置等待数据超时时间0.5秒钟 根据业务调整
private static int connectTimeout = 2000;// 连接超时
private static int poolSize = 100;// 连接池最大连接数
private static int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每个主机的并发最多只有1500
private static int connectionRequestTimeout = 3000; //从连接池中后去连接的timeout时间
// http代理相关参数
private String host = "";
private int port = 0;
private String username = "";
private String password = "";
// 异步httpclient
private CloseableHttpAsyncClient asyncHttpClient;
// 异步加代理的httpclient
private CloseableHttpAsyncClient proxyAsyncHttpClient;
public HttpAsyncClient() {
try {
this.asyncHttpClient = createAsyncClient(false);
this.proxyAsyncHttpClient = createAsyncClient(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public CloseableHttpAsyncClient createAsyncClient(boolean proxy)
throws KeyManagementException, UnrecoverableKeyException,
NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException,
MalformedChallengeException, IOReactorException {
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout)
.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout)
.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.createDefault();
UsernamePasswordCredentials credentials = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(
username, password);
CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, credentials);
// 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
Registry<SchemeIOSessionStrategy> sessionStrategyRegistry = RegistryBuilder
.<SchemeIOSessionStrategy> create()
.register("http", NoopIOSessionStrategy.INSTANCE)
.register("https", new SSLIOSessionStrategy(sslcontext))
.build();
// 配置io线程
IOReactorConfig ioReactorConfig = IOReactorConfig.custom().setSoKeepAlive(false).setTcpNoDelay(true)
.setIoThreadCount(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors())
.build();
// 设置连接池大小
ConnectingIOReactor ioReactor;
ioReactor = new DefaultConnectingIOReactor(ioReactorConfig);
PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager conMgr = new PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager(
ioReactor, null, sessionStrategyRegistry, null);
if (poolSize > 0) {
conMgr.setMaxTotal(poolSize);
}
if (maxPerRoute > 0) {
conMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
} else {
conMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(10);
}
ConnectionConfig connectionConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom()
.setMalformedInputAction(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)
.setUnmappableInputAction(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)
.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8).build();
Lookup<AuthSchemeProvider> authSchemeRegistry;
authSchemeRegistry = RegistryBuilder
.<AuthSchemeProvider> create()
.register(AuthSchemes.BASIC, new BasicSchemeFactory())
.register(AuthSchemes.DIGEST, new DigestSchemeFactory())
.register(AuthSchemes.NTLM, new NTLMSchemeFactory())
.register(AuthSchemes.SPNEGO, new SPNegoSchemeFactory())
.register(AuthSchemes.KERBEROS, new KerberosSchemeFactory())
.build();
conMgr.setDefaultConnectionConfig(connectionConfig);
if (proxy) {
return HttpAsyncClients.custom().setConnectionManager(conMgr)
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
.setDefaultAuthSchemeRegistry(authSchemeRegistry)
.setProxy(new HttpHost(host, port))
.setDefaultCookieStore(new BasicCookieStore())
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
} else {
return HttpAsyncClients.custom().setConnectionManager(conMgr)
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
.setDefaultAuthSchemeRegistry(authSchemeRegistry)
.setDefaultCookieStore(new BasicCookieStore()).build();
}
}
public CloseableHttpAsyncClient getAsyncHttpClient() {
return asyncHttpClient;
}
public CloseableHttpAsyncClient getProxyAsyncHttpClient() {
return proxyAsyncHttpClient;
}
}
public class HttpClientFactory {
private static HttpAsyncClient httpAsyncClient = new HttpAsyncClient();
private HttpClientFactory() {
}
private static HttpClientFactory httpClientFactory = new HttpClientFactory();
public static HttpClientFactory getInstance() {
return httpClientFactory;
}
public HttpAsyncClient getHttpAsyncClientPool() {
return httpAsyncClient;
}
}
public void sendThredPost(List<FaceBookUserQuitEntity> list,String title,String subTitle,String imgUrl){
if(list == null || list.size() == 0){
new BusinessException("亚洲查询用户数据为空");
}
int number = list.size();
int num = number / 10;
PostThread[] threads = new PostThread[1];
if(num > 0){
threads = new PostThread[10];
for(int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) {
List<FaceBookUserQuitEntity> threadList = list.subList(i * num, (i + 1) * num > number ? number : (i + 1) * num);
if (threadList == null || threadList.size() == 0) {
new BusinessException("亚洲切分用户数据为空");
}
threads[i] = new PostThread(HttpClientFactory.getInstance().getHttpAsyncClientPool().getAsyncHttpClient(),
threadList, title, subTitle, imgUrl);
}
for (int k = 0; k< threads.length; k++) {
threads[k].start();
logger.info("亚洲线程: {} 启动",k);
}
for (int j = 0; j < threads.length; j++) {
try {
threads[j].join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}else{
threads[0] = new PostThread(HttpClientFactory.getInstance().getHttpAsyncClientPool().getAsyncHttpClient(),
list,title,subTitle, imgUrl);
threads[0].start();
try {
threads[0].join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public PostThread(CloseableHttpAsyncClient httpClient, List<FaceBookUserQuitEntity> list, String title, String subTitle,String imgUrl){
this.httpClient = httpClient;
this.list = list;
this. title= title;
this. subTitle= subTitle;
this. imgUrl= imgUrl;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
int size = list.size();
for (int k = 0; k < size; k += 100) {
List<FaceBookUserQuitEntity> subList = new ArrayList<FaceBookUserQuitEntity>();
if (k + 100 < size) {
subList = list.subList(k, k + 100);
} else {
subList = list.subList(k, size);
}
if(subList.size() > 0){
httpClient.start();
final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(subList.size());
for (FaceBookUserQuitEntity faceBookEntity : subList) {
String senderId = faceBookEntity.getSenderId();
String player_id = faceBookEntity.getPlayer_id();
logger.info("开始发送消息:playerid=" + player_id);
String bodyStr = getPostbody(senderId, player_id, title, subTitle,
imgUrl, "Play Game", "");
if (!bodyStr.isEmpty()) {
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(URL);
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(bodyStr, "utf-8");
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
httpClient.execute(httpPost, new FutureCallback<HttpResponse>() {
@Override
public void completed(HttpResponse result) {
latch.countDown();
int statusCode = result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if(200 == statusCode){
logger.info("请求发消息成功="+bodyStr);
try {
logger.info(EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "UTF-8"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else{
logger.info("请求返回状态="+statusCode);
logger.info("请求发消息失败="+bodyStr);
try {
logger.info(EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "UTF-8"));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void failed(Exception ex) {
latch.countDown();
logger.info("请求发消息失败e="+ex);
}
@Override
public void cancelled() {
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
}
try {
latch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long leftTime = 10000 - (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime);
if (leftTime > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(leftTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
以上工具代码可直接使用,发送逻辑代码需适当修改。
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