memset
Fill block of memory
void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
Parameters
- ptr
- Pointer to the block of memory to fill.
- value
- Value to be set. The value is passed as an int, but the function fills the block of memory using the unsigned char conversion of this value.
- num
- Number of bytes to be set to the value.
Return Value
ptr is returned.
Example
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <cstring> 3 using namespace std; 4 5 int main () 6 { 7 char str[] = "almost every programmer should know memset!"; 8 memset (str,'-',6); 9 cout<<str; 10 return 0; 11 }
Output:
1 ------ every programmer should know memset!
memcpy
Copy block of memory
void * memcpy ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
The underlying type of the objects pointed by both the source and destination pointers are irrelevant for this function; The result is a binary copy of the data.
The function does not check for any terminating null character in source - it always copies exactly num bytes.
To avoid overflows, the size of the arrays pointed by both the destination and source parameters, shall be at leastnum bytes, and should not overlap (for overlapping memory blocks, memmove is a safer approach).
Parameters
- destination
- Pointer to the destination array where the content is to be copied, type-casted to a pointer of type void*.
- source
- Pointer to the source of data to be copied, type-casted to a pointer of type void*.
- num
- Number of bytes to copy.
Return Value
destination is returned.
Example
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <cstring> 3 using namespace std; 4 5 int main () 6 { 7 char str1[]="Sample string"; 8 char str2[40]; 9 char str3[40]; 10 11 memcpy (str2,str1,strlen(str1)+1); 12 memcpy (str3,"copy successful",16); 13 14 cout<<"str1:"<<str1<<endl; 15 cout<<"str2:"<<str2<<endl; 16 cout<<"str3:"<<str3<<endl; 17 18 return 0; 19 }
output:
1 str1: Sample string 2 str2: Sample string 3 str3: copy successful
strcpy
Copy characters from string
char * strcpy ( char * destination, const char * source );
Copies the C string pointed by source into the array pointed by destination, including the terminating null character.To avoid overflows, the size of the array pointed by destination shall be long enough to contain the same C string as source (including the terminating null character), and should not overlap in memory with source.
Parameters
- destination
- Pointer to the destination array where the content is to be copied.
- source
- C string to be copied.
Return Value
destination is returned.
Example
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <cstring> 3 using namespace std; 4 int main () 5 { 6 char str1[]= "Sample string"; 7 char str2[40]; 8 char str3[40]; 9 strcpy (str2,str1); 10 strcpy (str3,"copy successful"); 11 12 cout<<"str1:"<<str1<<endl; 13 cout<<"str2:"<<str2<<endl; 14 cout<<"str3:"<<str3<<endl; 15 16 return 0; 17 }
Output:
1 str1: Sample string 2 str2: Sample string 3 str3: copy successful