多种view视图和序列化--django2

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Idc(models.Model):
    name    = models.CharField("机房名称",max_length=32)
    address = models.CharField("机房地址",max_length=256)
    phone   = models.CharField("联系人",max_length=15)
    email   = models.EmailField("邮件地址",default="null")
    letter  = models.CharField("IDC简称",max_length=5)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'resources_idc'

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc

class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    """
    Idc 序列化类
    """
    id          = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    name        = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=32)
    address     = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=256)
    phone       = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=15)
    email       = serializers.EmailField(required=True)
    letter      = serializers.CharField(required=True, max_length=5)

    #必须有create，才能使用save(), data={...}   a=IdcSerializer(data=data)    a.save()
    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Idc.objects.create(**validated_data)
    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
      instance.name = validated_data.get("name", instance.name)
      instance.address = validated_data.get("address", instance.address)
      instance.phone = validated_data.get("phone", instance.phone)
      instance.email = validated_data.get("email", instance.email)
      instance.save()
      return instance

版本一 ：APIView

自己写get、post等方法

urlpatterns = [
    url("^$", views.api_root),
    url("^idcs/$", views.IdcList.as_view(), name="idc-list"),
    url("^idcs/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$", views.IdcDetail.as_view(), name="idc_detail")
]
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import Http404

class IdcList(APIView):
    def get(self, request, format=None):
        queryset = Idc.objects.all()
        serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


class IdcDetail(APIView):

    def get_object(self, pk):
        try:
            return Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except Idc.DoesNotExist:
            raise Http404

    def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
        idc = self.get_object(pk)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
        idc = self.get_object(pk)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

    def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
        idc = self.get_object(pk)
        idc.delete()
        return HttpResponse(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

版本二：使用混合类（generics.GenericAPIView+mixins.RetrieveModelMixin）实现

需要自己重复写get、post方法，因为ListModelMixin没有写get方法

from rest_framework import generics 
from rest_framework import mixins

class IdcList_V4(generics.GenericAPIView,
                 mixins.ListModelMixin,
                 mixins.CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

class IdcDetail_V4(generics.GenericAPIView,
                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

版本三：viewset（viewsets.GenericViewSet+mixins）扩展实现

将所有请求用一个class实现，如：GenericViewSet+ListModelMixin

get请求绑定到list之上，post绑定到create

##########################  版本六   ############################

from rest_framework import viewsets

class IdcListViewset(viewsets.GenericViewSet,
                     mixins.ListModelMixin,
                     mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                     mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                     mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                     mixins.CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

urls.py绑定参数：

idc_list = views.IdcListViewset.as_view({
    "get": "list",
    "post": "create"
})

idc_detail = views.IdcListViewset.as_view({
    "get": "retrieve",
    "put": "update",
    "delete": "destroy"
})
urlpatterns = [
    #url("^$", views.api_root),
    url("^idcs/$", idc_list, name="idc-list"),#此时，url中不需要再加as_view()了
    url("^idcs/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$", idc_detail, name="idc_detail")
]

或者用router实现自动绑定get 和list，create 和 post等等

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter  # 导入
from django.urls import path

#实例化router
router = DefaultRouter()  
# 注册idc 
router.register(r'idc', IdcListViewset, base_name="idcs")

urlpatterns = [
    # router的path路径
    path('', include(router.urls)),

]

版本四：使用高级混合（generics.ListCreateAPIView等）实现

父类包含具体请求方式，如：ListCreateAPIView包括了get

urlpatterns = [
    url("^$", views.api_root),
    url("^idcs/$", views.IdcList_V5.as_view(), name="idc-list"),
    url("^idcs/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$", views.IdcDetail_V5.as_view(), name="idc_detail")
]
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)

from rest_framework import generics

class IdcList_V5(generics.ListCreateAPIView):#包括查找和创建
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

class IdcDetail_V5(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): #包括 详细查找 、更新和删除
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer

版本五： ModelViewSet（router）实现：

整合:ModelViewSet包括所有方法

##########################  版本七   ############################
from rest_framework.routers import  DefaultRouter

route = DefaultRouter()
route.register("idcs", views.IdcViewset_v7)
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(route.urls))
]

class IdcViewset_v7(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Idc.objects.all()
    serializer_class = IdcSerializer