ProxySQL是一个高性能的MySQL中间件,拥有强大的规则引擎。ProxySQL是用C++语言开发的,也是percona推的一款中间件,虽然也是一个轻量级产品,但性能很好(据测试,能处理千亿级的数据),功能也足够,能满足中间件所需的绝大多数功能。
ProxySQL具备了很多优质特性,具体总结如下:
-> 连接池,而且是multiplexing
-> 主机和用户的最大连接数限制
-> 自动下线后端DB
-> 延迟超过阀值
-> ping 延迟超过阀值
-> 网络不通或宕机
-> 强大的规则路由引擎
-> 实现读写分离
-> 查询重写
-> sql流量镜像
-> 支持prepared statement
-> 支持Query Cache
-> 支持负载均衡,与gelera结合自动failover
-> 可定制基于用户、基于schema、基于语句的规则对SQL语句进行路由。换句话说,规则很灵活。基于schema和与语句级的规则,可以实现简单的sharding。
-> 可缓存查询结果。虽然ProxySQL的缓存策略比较简陋,但实现了基本的缓存功能,绝大多数时候也够用了。此外,作者已经打算实现更丰富的缓存策略。
-> 监控后端节点。ProxySQL可以监控后端节点的多个指标,包括:ProxySQL和后端的心跳信息,后端节点的read-only/read-write,slave和master的数据同步延迟性(replication lag)。
ProxySQL是一个能实实在在用在生产环境的MySQL中间件,可以实现读写分离,支持 Query 路由功能,支持动态指定某个 SQL 进行 cache,支持动态加载配置、故障切换和一些 SQL的过滤功能。还有一些同类产品比如 DBproxy、MyCAT、OneProxy 等。但经过反复对比和测试之后,还是觉得ProxySQL是一款性能不谙,靠谱稳定的MySQL 中间件产品 !
ProxySQL+Mysql实现数据库读写分离实战记录
1. 基础环境准备
172.16.60.212 mysql-master 安装Mysql5.7 172.16.60.213 mysql-slave 安装Mysql5.7 172.16.60.214 mysql-proxy 安装ProxySQL,Mysql-client 1) 三个节点各自设置主机名 [root@mysql-master ~]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname mysql-master [root@mysql-master ~]# hostname mysql-master [root@mysql-slave ~]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname mysql-slave [root@mysql-slave ~]# hostname mysql-slave [root@mysql-proxy ~]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname mysql-proxy [root@mysql-proxy ~]# hostname mysql-proxy 2) 三个节点都要绑定hosts [root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts ......... 172.16.60.212 mysql-master 172.16.60.213 mysql-slave 172.16.60.214 mysql-proxy 3)三个节点都关闭selinux和iptables防火墙 (为了实验方面,线上环境可以打开,允许3306端口规则) [root@mysql-master ~]# setenforce 0 [root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux |grep "SELINUX=disabled" SELINUX=disabled [root@mysql-master ~]# iptables -F [root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@mysql-master ~]# firewall-cmd --state not running
2. 安装Mysql 5.7 (在mysql-master 和 mysql-slave节点)
在两个mysql节点机上使用yum方式安装Mysql5.7,参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8340690.html 安装MySQL yum资源库 [root@mysql-master ~]# yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm 安装MySQL 5.7 [root@mysql-master ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server 启动MySQL服务器和MySQL的自动启动 [root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service [root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl enable mysqld.service 设置登录密码 由于MySQL从5.7开始不允许首次安装后使用空密码进行登录!为了加强安全性,系统会随机生成一个密码以供管理员首次登录使用, 这个密码记录在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中,使用下面的命令可以查看此密码: [root@mysql-master ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep 'A temporary password' 2019-01-11T05:53:17.824073Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: TaN.k:*Qw2xs 使用上面查看的密码TaN.k:*Qw2xs 登录mysql,并重置密码为123456 [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p #输入默认的密码:TaN.k:*Qw2xs ............. mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set password=password("123456"); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 查看mysql版本 [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456 ........ mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.7.24 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ===================================================================== 温馨提示 mysql5.7通过上面默认安装后,执行语句可能会报错: ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements 这个报错与Mysql 密码安全策略validate_password_policy的值有关,validate_password_policy可以取0、1、2三个值: 解决办法: set global validate_password_policy=0; set global validate_password_length=1;
3. 配置Mysql基于GTID的主从同步 (在mysql-master 和 mysql-slave节点)
由于这两台节点机之前做过别的实验,为了保证数据环境干净,可以删除/var/lib/mysql,然后再次重启mysqld即可! # systemctl stop mysqld # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql # systemctl start mysqld 这样操作后,mysql数据库就等于重新初始化了一次,之前的数据环境全部被干掉了,密码也是初始化后的随机密码 如下查看初始密码 # cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep 'A temporary password' 然后再进行密码重置等操作,这里就不赘述了,在前面安装mysql的时候已经提到过了。 ================================================================== 1) mysql-master 作为主数据库节点,其my.cnf配置为: [root@mysql-master ~]# >/etc/my.cnf [root@mysql-master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir = /var/lib/mysql socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links = 0 log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid #GTID: server_id = 1 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = on #binlog log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = 1 binlog_format = row sync-master-info = 1 sync_binlog = 1 #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 配置完成之后,别忘了重启Mysql [root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl restart mysqld 查看一下master状态, 发现多了一项"Executed_Gtid_Set " mysql> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 550 | | | 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c:1-2 | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global variables like '%uuid%'; +---------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------------------------------------+ | server_uuid | 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c | +---------------+--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON | | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | | gtid_executed | 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c:1-2 | | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 | | gtid_mode | ON | | gtid_owned | | | gtid_purged | | | session_track_gtids | OFF | +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) 主库执行从库复制授权 mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to slave@'172.16.60.213' identified by "slave@123"; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show grants for slave@'172.16.60.213'; +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for slave@172.16.60.213 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'172.16.60.213' | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 在主数据库机器上创建一个测试库kevin(为了测试效果) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE DATABASE kevin CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> use kevin; Database changed mysql> create table if not exists haha (id int(10) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name varchar(50) NOT NULL); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec) mysql> insert into kevin.haha values(1,"congcong"),(2,"huihui"),(3,"grace"); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+----------+ | id | name | +----+----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | +----+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) ========================================================================== 2) 从数据库172.16.60.206的操作 my.cnf文件里GTID复制的配置内容如下: 与主服务器配置大概一致,除了server_id不一致外,从服务器还可以在配置文件里面添加:"read_only=on" , 使从服务器只能进行读取操作,此参数对超级用户无效,并且不会影响从服务器的复制; [root@mysql-slave ~]# > /etc/my.cnf [root@mysql-slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir = /var/lib/mysql socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links = 0 log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid #GTID: server_id = 2 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = on #binlog log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = 1 binlog_format = row sync-master-info = 1 sync_binlog = 1 #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 read_only = on 配置完成之后,别忘了重启Mysql [root@mysql-slave ~]# systemctl restart mysqld 接着登录mysql,做主从同步 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 在从数据库里,使用change master 配置主从复制 mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.60.212',master_user='slave',master_password='slave@123',master_auto_position=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.50 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> show slave status G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.60.212 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1753 Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 1968 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1753 Relay_Log_Space: 2181 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c:1-7 Executed_Gtid_Set: 872832c0-1ec8-11e9-84a5-005056880888:1-2, 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c:1-7 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified 接着查看从数据库的数据,发现kevin库已经同步过来了! mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+----------+ | id | name | +----+----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | +----+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 查看从数据库的gtid信息 mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON | | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | | gtid_executed | 872832c0-1ec8-11e9-84a5-005056880888:1-2, 88d43a34-1ec8-11e9-b0b5-00505688047c:1-11 | | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 | | gtid_mode | ON | | gtid_owned | | | gtid_purged | | | session_track_gtids | OFF | +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) 3) 然后回到主数据库中查看master状态 mysql> show slave hosts; +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+ | Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID | +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+ | 2 | | 3306 | 1 | 872832c0-1ec8-11e9-84a5-005056880888 | +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 通过上面一系列配置,则mysql基于GTID的主从复制环境就部署好了。 4) 下面开始验证: 在172.16.60.212的主数据库里插入新数据 mysql> insert into kevin.haha values(10,"heifei"),(11,"huoqiu"),(12,"chengxihu"); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 到172.16.60.213的从数据库里查看,发现已经同步过来了 mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+-----------+ | id | name | +----+-----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | | 10 | heifei | | 11 | huoqiu | | 12 | chengxihu | +----+-----------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4. 安装配置ProxySQL,实现读写分离 (在mysql-proxy节点)
也可以参考另一篇博文https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5569652.html ,这篇文档里已介绍了利用proxysql实现读写分离操作 (一主两从,一写两读模式)。
- 安装mysql客户端,用于在本机连接到ProxySQL的管理接口
[root@mysql-proxy ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3.5/centos6-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 安装mysql-clinet客户端 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# yum install -y MariaDB-client -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 如果遇到报错: Error: MariaDB-compat conflicts with 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest 解决办法: [root@mysql-proxy ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb* mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps [root@mysql-proxy ~]# yum install -y MariaDB-client
- 安装proxysql
proxysql的rpm包下载地址: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1S1_b5DKVCpZSOUNmtCXrrg 提取密码: 5t1c [root@mysql-proxy ~]# wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v1.4.8/proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm [root@mysql-proxy ~]# rpm -ivh proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm --force 配置文件详解 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/proxysql.cnf datadir="/var/lib/proxysql" #数据目录 admin_variables= { admin_credentials="admin:admin" #连接管理端的用户名与密码 mysql_ifaces="0.0.0.0:6032" #管理端口,用来连接proxysql的管理数据库 } mysql_variables= { threads=4 #指定转发端口开启的线程数量 max_connections=2048 default_query_delay=0 default_query_timeout=36000000 have_compress=true poll_timeout=2000 interfaces="0.0.0.0:6033" #指定转发端口,用于连接后端mysql数据库的,相当于代理作用 default_schema="information_schema" stacksize=1048576 server_version="5.5.30" #指定后端mysql的版本 connect_timeout_server=3000 monitor_username="monitor" monitor_password="monitor" monitor_history=600000 monitor_connect_interval=60000 monitor_ping_interval=10000 monitor_read_only_interval=1500 monitor_read_only_timeout=500 ping_interval_server_msec=120000 ping_timeout_server=500 commands_stats=true sessions_sort=true connect_retries_on_failure=10 } mysql_servers = ( ) mysql_users: ( ) mysql_query_rules: ( ) scheduler= ( ) mysql_replication_hostgroups= ( ) # 在部署过程中,最好使用官方推荐的方式来配置proxy sql
- 启动服务并查看
[root@mysql-proxy ~]# /etc/init.d/proxysql start Starting ProxySQL: DONE! [root@mysql-proxy ~]# ss -lntup|grep proxy tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6032 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=2943,fd=24)) tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=2943,fd=22)) tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=2943,fd=21)) tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=2943,fd=20)) tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=2943,fd=19)) 可以看出转发端口6033是启动了四个线程
- 在mysql-master主数据库节点上执行:(只需master执行即可,会复制给slave从数据库)
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'proxysql'@'172.16.60.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
- proxysql默认数据库说明
[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+ | seq | name | file | +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+ | 0 | main | | | 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db | | 3 | stats | | | 4 | monitor | | | 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db | +-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.001 sec) ProxySQL提供了几个库,每个库都有各自的意义; -> main内存配置数据库,表里存放后端db实例、用户验证、路由规则等信息。表名以 runtime_开头的表示proxysql当前运行的配置内容, 不能通过dml语句修改,只能修改对应的不以 runtime_ 开头的(在内存)里的表,然后 LOAD 使其生效, SAVE 使其存到硬盘以供下次重启加载。 -> disk 是持久化到硬盘的配置,sqlite数据文件。 -> stats 是proxysql运行抓取的统计信息,包括到后端各命令的执行次数、流量、processlist、查询种类汇总/执行时间等等。 -> monitor 库存储 monitor 模块收集的信息,主要是对后端db的健康/延迟检查。
- proxysql的配置系统
ProxySQL具有一个复杂但易于使用的配置系统,可以满足以下需求: -> 允许轻松动态更新配置(这是为了让ProxySQL用户可以在需要零宕机时间配置的大型基础架构中使用它)。与MySQL兼容的管理界面可用于此目的。 -> 允许尽可能多的配置项目动态修改,而不需要重新启动ProxySQL进程 -> 可以毫不费力地回滚无效配置 -> 这是通过多级配置系统实现的,其中设置从运行时移到内存,并根据需要持久保存到磁盘。 3级配置由以下几层组成: +-------------------------+ | RUNTIME | +-------------------------+ /| | | | [1] | [2] | | |/ +-------------------------+ | MEMORY | +-------------------------+ _ /| | | | | [3] | [4] | [5] | |/ +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ | DISK | | CONFIG FILE | +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ 可以参考官方文章:https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/wiki/Configuring-ProxySQL
- 配置proxysql管理用户
MySQL [(none)]> show tables; +--------------------------------------------+ | tables | +--------------------------------------------+ | global_variables | | mysql_collations | | mysql_group_replication_hostgroups | | mysql_query_rules | | mysql_query_rules_fast_routing | | mysql_replication_hostgroups | | mysql_servers | | mysql_users | | proxysql_servers | | runtime_checksums_values | | runtime_global_variables | | runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups | | runtime_mysql_query_rules | | runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing | | runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups | | runtime_mysql_servers | | runtime_mysql_users | | runtime_proxysql_servers | | runtime_scheduler | | scheduler | +--------------------------------------------+ 20 rows in set (0.000 sec) 下面使用insert into语句来动态配置(插入语句里使用主机名或ip都可以),而可以不需要重启!!! MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(1,'mysql-master','3306',1,'Write Group'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec) MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(2,'mysql-slave','3306',1,'Read Group'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec) MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers; +--------------+--------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+ | hostgroup_id | hostname | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment | +--------------+--------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+ | 1 | mysql-master | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Write Group | | 2 | mysql-slave | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Read Group | +--------------+--------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+ 2 rows in set (0.000 sec) 接下来将刚刚在mysql客户端创建的用户写入到proxy sql主机的mysql_users表中,它也是用于proxysql客户端访问数据库,默认组是写组, 当读写分离规则出现问题时,它会直接访问默认组的数据库。 MySQL [(none)]> INSERT INTO mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) VALUES ('proxysql','123456',1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec) MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_users; +----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+ | username | password | active | use_ssl | default_hostgroup | default_schema | schema_locked | transaction_persistent | fast_forward | backend | frontend | max_connections | +----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+ | proxysql | 123456 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NULL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10000 | +----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec)
- 在mysql-master主数据库节点上添加监控的用户:(只需master执行即可,会复制给slave从数据库)
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'172.16.60.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'monitor'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
- 在mysql-proxy节点上配置监控用户
MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password='monitor'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
- 配置proxysql的转发规则
MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',1,1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec) MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(2,1,'^SELECT',2,1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec) MySQL [(none)]> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules; +---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+ | rule_id | active | match_digest | destination_hostgroup | apply | +---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+ | 1 | 1 | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 1 | ^SELECT | 2 | 1 | +---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.000 sec) 以上配置后,可以得知: -> 配置查询select的请求转发到hostgroup_id=2组上(读组); -> 征对select * from table_name for update这样的修改语句,我们是需要将请求转到写组,也就是hostgroup_id=1; -> 对于其它没有被规则匹配的请求全部转发到默认的组(mysql_users表中default_hostgroup);
- 更新配置到RUNTIME中
由上面的配置系统层级关系可以得知所有进来的请求首先是经过RUNTIME层
MySQL [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec) MySQL [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
- 将所有配置保存至磁盘上
所有配置数据保存到磁盘上,也就是永久写入/var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db这个文件中
MySQL [(none)]> save mysql users to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.103 sec) MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.273 sec) MySQL [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.320 sec) MySQL [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk; Query OK, 94 rows affected (0.084 sec) MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk; Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.059 sec) MySQL [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
- 测试读写分离
通过转发端口连接数据库,这时连接到的才是我们真正需要的数据 (注意转发端口是6033) [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6033 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.002 sec) MySQL [(none)]> 这时发现的才是我们真正的数据库 MySQL [(none)]> select * from kevin.haha; +----+-----------+ | id | name | +----+-----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | | 10 | heifei | | 11 | huoqiu | | 12 | chengxihu | +----+-----------+ 6 rows in set (0.001 sec) 下载开始创建数据与表,测试读写分离情况 MySQL [(none)]> delete from kevin.haha where id > 9; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.218 sec) MySQL [(none)]> create database test_proxysql; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.027 sec) MySQL [(none)]> select * from kevin.haha; +----+----------+ | id | name | +----+----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | +----+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> insert into kevin.haha values(10,"heifei"),(11,"huoqiu"),(12,"chengxihu"); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.045 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 MySQL [(none)]> select * from kevin.haha; +----+-----------+ | id | name | +----+-----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | | 10 | heifei | | 11 | huoqiu | | 12 | chengxihu | +----+-----------+ 6 rows in set (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test_proxysql | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.001 sec) [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6033 -e "select @@server_id" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 2 | +-------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6033 -e "select * from kevin.haha" +----+-----------+ | id | name | +----+-----------+ | 1 | congcong | | 2 | huihui | | 3 | grace | | 10 | heifei | | 11 | huoqiu | | 12 | chengxihu | +----+-----------+ 在proxysql管理端查看读写分离 (注意管理端口是6032) [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest; +-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+ | hostgroup | schemaname | username | digest | digest_text | count_star | first_seen | last_seen | sum_time | min_time | max_time | +-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+ | 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x3EA85877510AC608 | select * from stats_mysql_query_digest | 1 | 1548230792 | 1548230792 | 819 | 819 | 819 | | 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xB9EF28C84E4207EC | create database test_proxysql | 1 | 1548230738 | 1548230738 | 26859 | 26859 | 26859 | | 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x9316817E8C74BCB2 | insert into kevin.haha values(?,?),(?,?),(?,?) | 1 | 1548230755 | 1548230755 | 44572 | 44572 | 44572 | | 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xF6FA5DFBB674D5FF | delete from kevin.haha where id > ? | 1 | 1548230729 | 1548230729 | 218165 | 218165 | 218165 | | 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xD8AAAE77FA99AC44 | select * from kevin.haha | 4 | 1548230646 | 1548231045 | 3590 | 781 | 1149 | | 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xDA65260DF35B8D13 | select @@server_id | 2 | 1548231028 | 1548231030 | 1335 | 578 | 757 | | 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xF8F2DF2E08F87E71 | select * from mysql.kevin | 1 | 1548230640 | 1548230640 | 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | | 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 2 | 1548230538 | 1548230771 | 2957 | 905 | 2052 | | 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 4 | 1548229930 | 1548231045 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+ 9 rows in set (0.002 sec) 从上述结果就可以看出proxysql实现的读写分离配置是成功的,读请求是转发到2组,写请求转发到1组!!
整个读写分离的架构配置到此就完成了,但是此架构存在需要优化的地方,那就是此架构存在单点问题。实际生产环境中可采用MHA+ProxySQL+Mysql这类架构解来避免单点故障问题。