Prime Distance
| Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
| Total Submissions: 17021 | Accepted: 4536 |
Description
The branch of mathematics called number theory is about properties of numbers. One of the areas that has captured the interest of number theoreticians for thousands of years is the question of primality. A prime number is a number that is has no proper factors (it is only evenly divisible by 1 and itself). The first prime numbers are 2,3,5,7 but they quickly become less frequent. One of the interesting questions is how dense they are in various ranges. Adjacent primes are two numbers that are both primes, but there are no other prime numbers between the adjacent primes. For example, 2,3 are the only adjacent primes that are also adjacent numbers.
Your program is given 2 numbers: L and U (1<=L< U<=2,147,483,647), and you are to find the two adjacent primes C1 and C2 (L<=C1< C2<=U) that are closest (i.e. C2-C1 is the minimum). If there are other pairs that are the same distance apart, use the first pair. You are also to find the two adjacent primes D1 and D2 (L<=D1< D2<=U) where D1 and D2 are as distant from each other as possible (again choosing the first pair if there is a tie).
Your program is given 2 numbers: L and U (1<=L< U<=2,147,483,647), and you are to find the two adjacent primes C1 and C2 (L<=C1< C2<=U) that are closest (i.e. C2-C1 is the minimum). If there are other pairs that are the same distance apart, use the first pair. You are also to find the two adjacent primes D1 and D2 (L<=D1< D2<=U) where D1 and D2 are as distant from each other as possible (again choosing the first pair if there is a tie).
Input
Each line of input will contain two positive integers, L and U, with L < U. The difference between L and U will not exceed 1,000,000.
Output
For each L and U, the output will either be the statement that there are no adjacent primes (because there are less than two primes between the two given numbers) or a line giving the two pairs of adjacent primes.
Sample Input
2 17 14 17
Sample Output
2,3 are closest, 7,11 are most distant. There are no adjacent primes.
Source
个人认为，线性筛法的精髓之处在于：比一个合数数大的质数和该合数的乘积可用一个更大的合数和比其小的质数相乘得到。
嗯
2017补充：多在高中混了一年，现在觉得线性筛法的精髓是任何一个合数可以看成最小质因数乘上他的最大合因数，现在已知最大合数，通过枚举最小质因数来筛掉相应的合数~
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<cstring> 3 #include<cstdio> 4 #define N 50000 5 #define len 1000000 6 #define inf 0x7fffffff 7 using namespace std; 8 typedef long long LL; 9 bool isprime[N+5]; 10 LL prime[N],cnt; 11 bool res[len+5]; 12 void init(){ 13 LL i,j; 14 cnt=0; 15 memset(isprime,true,sizeof(isprime)); 16 for (i=2;i<=N;i++){ 17 if (isprime[i]) prime[cnt++]=i; 18 for (j=0;j<cnt && i*prime[j]<=N;j++){ 19 isprime[i*prime[j]]=false; 20 if (i%prime[j]==0) break; 21 } 22 } 23 } 24 int main(){ 25 freopen ("prime.in","r",stdin); 26 freopen ("prime.out","w",stdout); 27 LL L,U,i,j,k,min,max,s,t; 28 init(); 29 while(scanf("%lld%lld",&L,&U)!=EOF){ 30 memset(res,0,sizeof(res)); 31 for(i=0;i<cnt;i++){ 32 s=(L-1)/prime[i]+1; 33 t=U/prime[i]; 34 for(j=s;j<=t;j++) 35 if(j>1) 36 res[j*prime[i]-L]=true; 37 } 38 k=-1,min=inf,max=-1; 39 LL dis,m1,m2; 40 for(i=0;i<=U-L;i++){ 41 if(!res[i]){ 42 if(k!=-1){ 43 dis=i-k; 44 if(dis>max){ 45 max=dis; 46 m1=i; 47 } 48 if(dis<min){ 49 min=dis; 50 m2=i; 51 } 52 } 53 if(i+L!=1)//注意 1 的时候特殊判断 1 不是素数 54 k=i; 55 } 56 } 57 if(max==-1) 58 printf("There are no adjacent primes. "); 59 else{ 60 printf("%lld,%lld are closest, %lld,%lld are most distant. ",m2- 61 min+L,m2+L,m1-max+L,m1+L); 62 } 63 } 64 return 0; 65 }