关于Form.Close跟Form.Dispose

我们在Winform开发的时候，使用From.Show来显示窗口，使用Form.Close来关闭窗口。熟悉Winform开发的想必对这些非常熟悉。但是Form类型实现了IDisposable接口，那我们是否需要每次关闭窗口后都去调用Dispose呢？对于这个问题我们可以查看一下Form的源码。

Form.Close

 public void Close()
    {
      if (this.GetState(262144))
        throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString("ClosingWhileCreatingHandle", new object[1]
        {
          (object) "Close"
        }));
      else if (this.IsHandleCreated)
      {
        this.closeReason = CloseReason.UserClosing;
        this.SendMessage(16, 0, 0);
      }
      else
        base.Dispose();
    }

很明显这个方法有3个分支。第一个分支是关闭出现异常的情况，第二个分支是句柄已经创建的时候执行，很明显第三个分支的时候直接调用了基类的Dispose方法。大部分时候窗口调用Close时句柄肯定是被创建了，那就会进入第二个分支。很明显第二个分支没有调用Dispose，那是不是真的呢？继续跟进去。

SendMessage  

internal IntPtr SendMessage(int msg, int wparam, int lparam)
    {
      return UnsafeNativeMethods.SendMessage(new HandleRef((object) this, this.Handle), msg, wparam, lparam);
    }

调了一个静态方法继续进去

    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static IntPtr SendMessage(HandleRef hWnd, int msg, int wParam, int lParam);

明白了吧。SendMessage其实是调用了user32.dll的API，向指定的窗口发送消息。这里就是向自己发送一个消息，注意msg=16哦。既然有发送消息的，那肯定得有拦截消息的方法啊。（这里多扯一句，.NET Winform使用了事件驱动机制，事件机制其实也是封装了消息机制。）

WndProc

    protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
    {
      switch (m.Msg)
      {
        case 529:
          this.WmEnterMenuLoop(ref m);
          break;
        case 530:
          this.WmExitMenuLoop(ref m);
          break;
        case 533:
          base.WndProc(ref m);
          if (!this.CaptureInternal || Control.MouseButtons != MouseButtons.None)
            break;
          this.CaptureInternal = false;
          break;
        case 546:
          this.WmMdiActivate(ref m);
          break;
        case 561:
          this.WmEnterSizeMove(ref m);
          this.DefWndProc(ref m);
          break;
        case 562:
          this.WmExitSizeMove(ref m);
          this.DefWndProc(ref m);
          break;
        case 288:
          this.WmMenuChar(ref m);
          break;
        case 293:
          this.WmUnInitMenuPopup(ref m);
          break;
        case 274:
          this.WmSysCommand(ref m);
          break;
        case 279:
          this.WmInitMenuPopup(ref m);
          break;
        case 167:
        case 171:
        case 161:
        case 164:
          this.WmNcButtonDown(ref m);
          break;
        case 71:
          this.WmWindowPosChanged(ref m);
          break;
        case 130:
          this.WmNCDestroy(ref m);
          break;
        case 132:
          this.WmNCHitTest(ref m);
          break;
        case 134:
          if (this.IsRestrictedWindow)
            this.BeginInvoke((Delegate) new MethodInvoker(this.RestrictedProcessNcActivate));
          base.WndProc(ref m);
          break;
        case 16:
          if (this.CloseReason == CloseReason.None)
            this.CloseReason = CloseReason.TaskManagerClosing;
          this.WmClose(ref m);
          break;
        case 17:
        case 22:
          this.CloseReason = CloseReason.WindowsShutDown;
          this.WmClose(ref m);
          break;
        case 20:
          this.WmEraseBkgnd(ref m);
          break;
        case 24:
          this.WmShowWindow(ref m);
          break;
        case 36:
          this.WmGetMinMaxInfo(ref m);
          break;
        case 1:
          this.WmCreate(ref m);
          break;
        case 5:
          this.WmSize(ref m);
          break;
        case 6:
          this.WmActivate(ref m);
          break;
        default:
          base.WndProc(ref m);
          break;
      }
    }

WndProc就是用来拦截窗口消息的。看一下代码，Form重写了这个方法，一个很简单的switch。Case 16调用了 WmClose方法，继续跟进去。

WmClose

private void WmClose(ref Message m)
    {
      FormClosingEventArgs e1 = new FormClosingEventArgs(this.CloseReason, false);
      if (m.Msg != 22)
      {
        if (this.Modal)
        {
          if (this.dialogResult == DialogResult.None)
            this.dialogResult = DialogResult.Cancel;
          this.CalledClosing = false;
          e1.Cancel = !this.CheckCloseDialog(true);
        }
        else
        {
          e1.Cancel = !this.Validate(true);
          if (this.IsMdiContainer)
          {
            FormClosingEventArgs e2 = new FormClosingEventArgs(CloseReason.MdiFormClosing, e1.Cancel);
            foreach (Form form in this.MdiChildren)
            {
              if (form.IsHandleCreated)
              {
                form.OnClosing((CancelEventArgs) e2);
                form.OnFormClosing(e2);
                if (e2.Cancel)
                {
                  e1.Cancel = true;
                  break;
                }
              }
            }
          }
          Form[] ownedForms = this.OwnedForms;
          for (int index = this.Properties.GetInteger(Form.PropOwnedFormsCount) - 1; index >= 0; --index)
          {
            FormClosingEventArgs e2 = new FormClosingEventArgs(CloseReason.FormOwnerClosing, e1.Cancel);
            if (ownedForms[index] != null)
            {
              ownedForms[index].OnFormClosing(e2);
              if (e2.Cancel)
              {
                e1.Cancel = true;
                break;
              }
            }
          }
          this.OnClosing((CancelEventArgs) e1);
          this.OnFormClosing(e1);
        }
        if (m.Msg == 17)
          m.Result = (IntPtr) (e1.Cancel ? 0 : 1);
        if (this.Modal)
          return;
      }
      else
        e1.Cancel = m.WParam == IntPtr.Zero;
      if (m.Msg == 17 || e1.Cancel)
        return;
      this.IsClosing = true;
      if (this.IsMdiContainer)
      {
        FormClosedEventArgs e2 = new FormClosedEventArgs(CloseReason.MdiFormClosing);
        foreach (Form form in this.MdiChildren)
        {
          if (form.IsHandleCreated)
          {
            form.OnClosed((EventArgs) e2);
            form.OnFormClosed(e2);
          }
        }
      }
      Form[] ownedForms1 = this.OwnedForms;
      for (int index = this.Properties.GetInteger(Form.PropOwnedFormsCount) - 1; index >= 0; --index)
      {
        FormClosedEventArgs e2 = new FormClosedEventArgs(CloseReason.FormOwnerClosing);
        if (ownedForms1[index] != null)
        {
          ownedForms1[index].OnClosed((EventArgs) e2);
          ownedForms1[index].OnFormClosed(e2);
        }
      }
      FormClosedEventArgs e3 = new FormClosedEventArgs(this.CloseReason);
      this.OnClosed((EventArgs) e3);
      this.OnFormClosed(e3);
      base.Dispose();
    }

WmClose这个方法略有点复杂，主要是用来出发OnCloseing,OnClosed等事件。看看最后，它终于调用了base.Dispose()。看来Close方法确实会自动调用Dispose。是吗，不要高兴的太早。仔细看看前面的代码，if (this.Modal) return; 看到没，当窗口是模态的时候，方法直接return了。

总结

到这里就差不多了。所以当我们使用ShowDialog来显示窗体的时候，当你关闭的时候，最好手动Dispose一下。为什么是最好呢，因为其实在GC回收垃圾的时候还是会调用窗体的Dispose的，因为在Form的基类的终结器里面有调用Dispose(false);

   ~Component()
    {
      this.Dispose(false);
    }

其实在MSDN上微软就对这有说明，顺便吐槽一下中文MSDN的翻译，实在是太烂了。

有2种情况下需要手工调用Dispose：
1. 窗口是MDI的一部分且是不可见的

2.模态的时候
第二种情况就是现在说的，但是第一种情况我测试了下，没有复现出来，MDI里面的子窗口调用Close的时候跟正常一样，每次都会自动Dispose。试了很久还是一样的结果，求高人指定吧。