linux的错误码error

在程序出错时，我们通过全局变量错误号errno和perror函数能够很快的定位到错误原因。
Linux错误代码及其含义

C Name Value Description 含义
Success 0 Success 成功
EPERM 1 Operation not permitted 操作不允许
ENOENT 2 No such file or directory 没有这样的文件或目录
ESRCH 3 No such process 没有这样的过程
EINTR 4 Interrupted system call 系统调用被中断
EIO 5 I/O error I/O错误
ENXIO 6 No such device or address 没有这样的设备或地址
E2BIG 7 Arg list too long 参数列表太长
ENOEXEC 8 Exec format error 执行格式错误
EBADF 9 Bad file number 坏的文件描述符
ECHILD 10 No child processes 没有子进程
EAGAIN 11 Try again 资源暂时不可用
ENOMEM 12 Out of memory 内存溢出
EACCES 13 Permission denied 拒绝许可
EFAULT 14 Bad address 错误的地址
ENOTBLK 15 Block device required 块设备请求
EBUSY 16 Device or resource busy 设备或资源忙
EEXIST 17 File exists 文件存在
EXDEV 18 Cross-device link 无效的交叉链接
ENODEV 19 No such device 设备不存在
ENOTDIR 20 Not a directory 不是一个目录
EISDIR 21 Is a directory 是一个目录
EINVAL 22 Invalid argument 无效的参数
ENFILE* 23 File table overflow 打开太多的文件系统
EMFILE 24 Too many open files 打开的文件过多
ENOTTY 25 Not a tty device 不是tty设备
ETXTBSY 26 Text file busy 文本文件忙
EFBIG 27 File too large 文件太大
ENOSPC 28 No space left on device 设备上没有空间
ESPIPE 29 Illegal seek 非法移位
EROFS 30 Read-only file system 只读文件系统
EMLINK 31 Too many links 太多的链接
EPIPE 32 Broken pipe 管道破裂
EDOM 33 Math argument out of domain 数值结果超出范围
ERANGE 34 Math result not representable 数值结果不具代表性
EDEADLK 35 Resource deadlock would occur 资源死锁错误
ENAMETOOLONG 36 Filename too long 文件名太长
ENOLCK 37 No record locks available 没有可用锁
ENOSYS 38 Function not implemented 功能没有实现
ENOTEMPTY 39 Directory not empty 目录不空
ELOOP 40 Too many symbolic links encountered 符号链接层次太多
EWOULDBLOCK 41 Same as EAGAIN 和EAGAIN一样
ENOMSG 42 No message of desired type 没有期望类型的消息
EIDRM 43 Identifier removed 标识符删除
ECHRNG 44 Channel number out of range 频道数目超出范围
EL2NSYNC 45 Level 2 not synchronized 2级不同步
EL3HLT 46 Level 3 halted 3级中断
EL3RST 47 Level 3 reset 3级复位
ELNRNG 48 Link number out of range 链接数超出范围
EUNATCH 49 Protocol driver not attached 协议驱动程序没有连接
ENOCSI 50 No CSI structure available 没有可用CSI结构
EL2HLT 51 Level 2 halted 2级中断
EBADE 52 Invalid exchange 无效的交换
EBADR 53 Invalid request descriptor 请求描述符无效
EXFULL 54 Exchange full 交换全
ENOANO 55 No anode 没有阳极
EBADRQC 56 Invalid request code 无效的请求代码
EBADSLT 57 Invalid slot 无效的槽
EDEADLOCK 58 Same as EDEADLK 和EDEADLK一样
EBFONT 59 Bad font file format 错误的字体文件格式
ENOSTR 60 Device not a stream 设备不是字符流
ENODATA 61 No data available 无可用数据
ETIME 62 Timer expired 计时器过期
ENOSR 63 Out of streams resources 流资源溢出
ENONET 64 Machine is not on the network 机器不上网
ENOPKG 65 Package not installed 没有安装软件包
EREMOTE 66 Object is remote 对象是远程的
ENOLINK 67 Link has been severed 联系被切断
EADV 68 Advertise error 广告的错误
ESRMNT 69 Srmount error srmount错误
ECOMM 70 Communication error on send 发送时的通讯错误
EPROTO 71 Protocol error 协议错误
EMULTIHOP 72 Multihop attempted 多跳尝试
EDOTDOT 73 RFS specific error RFS特定的错误
EBADMSG 74 Not a data message 非数据消息
EOVERFLOW 75 Value too large for defined data type 值太大,对于定义数据类型
ENOTUNIQ 76 Name not unique on network 名不是唯一的网络
EBADFD 77 File descriptor in bad state 文件描述符在坏状态
EREMCHG 78 Remote address changed 远程地址改变了
ELIBACC 79 Cannot access a needed shared library 无法访问必要的共享库
ELIBBAD 80 Accessing a corrupted shared library 访问损坏的共享库
ELIBSCN 81 A .lib section in an .out is corrupted 库段. out损坏
ELIBMAX 82 Linking in too many shared libraries 试图链接太多的共享库
ELIBEXEC 83 Cannot exec a shared library directly 不能直接执行一个共享库
EILSEQ 84 Illegal byte sequence 无效的或不完整的多字节或宽字符
ERESTART 85 Interrupted system call should be restarted 应该重新启动中断的系统调用
ESTRPIPE 86 Streams pipe error 流管错误
EUSERS 87 Too many users 用户太多
ENOTSOCK 88 Socket operation on non-socket 套接字操作在非套接字上
EDESTADDRREQ 89 Destination address required 需要目标地址
EMSGSIZE 90 Message too long 消息太长
EPROTOTYPE 91 Protocol wrong type for socket socket协议类型错误
ENOPROTOOPT 92 Protocol not available 协议不可用
EPROTONOSUPPORT 93 Protocol not supported 不支持的协议
ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94 Socket type not supported 套接字类型不受支持
EOPNOTSUPP 95 Operation not supported on transport 不支持的操作
EPFNOSUPPORT 96 Protocol family not supported 不支持的协议族
EAFNOSUPPORT 97 Address family not supported by protocol 协议不支持的地址
EADDRINUSE 98 Address already in use 地址已在使用
EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 Cannot assign requested address 无法分配请求的地址
ENETDOWN 100 Network is down 网络瘫痪
ENETUNREACH 101 Network is unreachable 网络不可达
ENETRESET 102 Network dropped 网络连接丢失
ECONNABORTED 103 Software caused connection 软件导致连接中断
ECONNRESET 104 Connection reset by 连接被重置
ENOBUFS 105 No buffer space available 没有可用的缓冲空间
EISCONN 106 Transport endpoint 传输端点已经连接
ENOTCONN 107 Transport endpoint 传输终点没有连接
ESHUTDOWN 108 Cannot send after transport 传输后无法发送
ETOOMANYREFS 109 Too many references 太多的参考
ETIMEDOUT 110 Connection timed 连接超时
ECONNREFUSED 111 Connection refused 拒绝连接
EHOSTDOWN 112 Host is down 主机已关闭
EHOSTUNREACH 113 No route to host 没有主机的路由
EALREADY 114 Operation already 已运行
EINPROGRESS 115 Operation now in 正在运行
ESTALE 116 Stale NFS file handle 陈旧的NFS文件句柄
EUCLEAN 117 Structure needs cleaning 结构需要清洗
ENOTNAM 118 Not a XENIX-named 不是XENIX命名的
ENAVAIL 119 No XENIX semaphores 没有XENIX信号量
EISNAM 120 Is a named type file 是一个命名的文件类型
EREMOTEIO 121 Remote I/O error 远程输入/输出错误
EDQUOT 122 Quota exceeded 超出磁盘配额
ENOMEDIUM 123 No medium found 没有磁盘被发现
EMEDIUMTYPE 124 Wrong medium type 错误的媒体类型
ECANCELED 125 Operation Canceled 取消操作
ENOKEY 126 Required key not available 所需键不可用
EKEYEXPIRED 127 Key has expired 关键已过期
EKEYREVOKED 128 Key has been revoked 关键被撤销
EKEYREJECTED 129 Key was rejected by service 关键被拒绝服务
EOWNERDEAD 130 Owner died 所有者死亡
ENOTRECOVERABLE 131 State not recoverable 状态不可恢复
ERFKILL 132 Operation not possible due to RF-kill 由于RF-kill而无法操作
暂时记录这么多，133-255全是Unknown error

二、错误处理函数

许多不同的函数库都在失败时设置全局变量errno的值来指明失败原因。值得注意的是函数报告出错后必须立刻检查errno变量，因为它有可能被下一个函数调用所覆盖。
有两个非常有用的函数可以用来报告出现的错误：

#include <string.>
char *strerror(int errnum);
该函数把错误代码映射为一个字符串，对错误类型进行说明。

#include <stdio.h>
void perror(const char *s);
该函数也把errno变量中报告的错误应为到一个字符串，并把它输出到标准错误输出流。
---------------------

查看错误代码errno是调试程序的一个重要方法。当linuc C api函数发生异常时,一般会将errno变量(需include errno.h)赋一个整数值,不同的值表示不同的含义,可以通过查看该值推测出错的原因。在实际编程中用这一招解决了不少原本看来莫名其妙的问题。比较麻烦的是每次都要去linux源代码里面查找错误代码的含义，现在把它贴出来，以后需要查时就来这里看了。

 

 

1-34号错误号是在内核源码的include/asm-generic/errno-base.h定义


35-132则是在include/asm-generic/errno.h中定义


剩下还有一些更大的错误号是留给内核级别的，如系统调用等，用户程序一般是看不见的这些号的，Ubuntu9.10中/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.31-21-generic/include/linux/errno.h

 

 

 

#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H

#define _ASM_GENERIC_ERRNO_BASE_H

 

#define    EPERM         1    /＊ Operation not permitted ＊/

#define    ENOENT         2    /＊ No such file or directory ＊/

#define    ESRCH         3    /＊ No such process ＊/

#define    EINTR         4    /＊ Interrupted system call ＊/

#define    EIO         5    /＊ I/O error ＊/

#define    ENXIO         6    /＊ No such device or address ＊/

#define    E2BIG         7    /＊ Argument list too long ＊/

#define    ENOEXEC         8    /＊ Exec format error ＊/

#define    EBADF         9    /＊ Bad file number ＊/

#define    ECHILD        10    /＊ No child processes ＊/

#define    EAGAIN        11    /＊ Try again ＊/

#define    ENOMEM        12    /＊ Out of memory ＊/

#define    EACCES        13    /＊ Permission denied ＊/

#define    EFAULT        14    /＊ Bad address ＊/

#define    ENOTBLK        15    /＊ Block device required ＊/

#define    EBUSY        16    /＊ Device or resource busy ＊/

#define    EEXIST        17    /＊ File exists ＊/

#define    EXDEV        18    /＊ Cross-device link ＊/

#define    ENODEV        19    /＊ No such device ＊/

#define    ENOTDIR        20    /＊ Not a directory ＊/

#define    EISDIR        21    /＊ Is a directory ＊/

#define    EINVAL        22    /＊ Invalid argument ＊/

#define    ENFILE        23    /＊ File table overflow ＊/

#define    EMFILE        24    /＊ Too many open files ＊/

#define    ENOTTY        25    /＊ Not a typewriter ＊/

#define    ETXTBSY        26    /＊ Text file busy ＊/

#define    EFBIG        27    /＊ File too large ＊/

#define    ENOSPC        28    /＊ No space left on device ＊/

#define    ESPIPE        29    /＊ Illegal seek ＊/

#define    EROFS        30    /＊ Read-only file system ＊/

#define    EMLINK        31    /＊ Too many links ＊/

#define    EPIPE        32    /＊ Broken pipe ＊/

#define    EDOM        33    /＊ Math argument out of domain of func ＊/

#define    ERANGE        34    /＊ Math result not representable ＊/

 

#endif

 

 

#include <asm-generic/errno-base.h>

 

#define    EDEADLK        35    /＊ Resource deadlock would occur ＊/

#define    ENAMETOOLONG    36    /＊ File name too long ＊/

#define    ENOLCK        37    /＊ No record locks available ＊/

#define    ENOSYS        38    /＊ Function not implemented ＊/

#define    ENOTEMPTY    39    /＊ Directory not empty ＊/

#define    ELOOP        40    /＊ Too many symbolic links encountered ＊/

#define    EWOULDBLOCK    EAGAIN    /＊ Operation would block ＊/

#define    ENOMSG        42    /＊ No message of desired type ＊/

#define    EIDRM        43    /＊ Identifier removed ＊/

#define    ECHRNG        44    /＊ Channel number out of range ＊/

#define    EL2NSYNC    45    /＊ Level 2 not synchronized ＊/

#define    EL3HLT        46    /＊ Level 3 halted ＊/

#define    EL3RST        47    /＊ Level 3 reset ＊/

#define    ELNRNG        48    /＊ Link number out of range ＊/

#define    EUNATCH        49    /＊ Protocol driver not attached ＊/

#define    ENOCSI        50    /＊ No CSI structure available ＊/

#define    EL2HLT        51    /＊ Level 2 halted ＊/

#define    EBADE        52    /＊ Invalid exchange ＊/

#define    EBADR        53    /＊ Invalid request descriptor ＊/

#define    EXFULL        54    /＊ Exchange full ＊/

#define    ENOANO        55    /＊ No anode ＊/

#define    EBADRQC        56    /＊ Invalid request code ＊/

#define    EBADSLT        57    /＊ Invalid slot ＊/

 

#define    EDEADLOCK    EDEADLK

 

#define    EBFONT        59    /＊ Bad font file format ＊/

#define    ENOSTR        60    /＊ Device not a stream ＊/

#define    ENODATA        61    /＊ No data available ＊/

#define    ETIME        62    /＊ Timer expired ＊/

#define    ENOSR        63    /＊ Out of streams resources ＊/

#define    ENONET        64    /＊ Machine is not on the network ＊/

#define    ENOPKG        65    /＊ Package not installed ＊/

#define    EREMOTE        66    /＊ Object is remote ＊/

#define    ENOLINK        67    /＊ Link has been severed ＊/

#define    EADV        68    /＊ Advertise error ＊/

#define    ESRMNT        69    /＊ Srmount error ＊/

#define    ECOMM        70    /＊ Communication error on send ＊/

#define    EPROTO        71    /＊ Protocol error ＊/

#define    EMULTIHOP    72    /＊ Multihop attempted ＊/

#define    EDOTDOT        73    /＊ RFS specific error ＊/

#define    EBADMSG        74    /＊ Not a data message ＊/

#define    EOVERFLOW    75    /＊ Value too large for defined data type ＊/

#define    ENOTUNIQ    76    /＊ Name not unique on network ＊/

#define    EBADFD        77    /＊ File descriptor in bad state ＊/

#define    EREMCHG        78    /＊ Remote address changed ＊/

#define    ELIBACC        79    /＊ Can not access a needed shared library ＊/

#define    ELIBBAD        80    /＊ Accessing a corrupted shared library ＊/

#define    ELIBSCN        81    /＊ .lib section in a.out corrupted ＊/

#define    ELIBMAX        82    /＊ Attempting to link in too many shared libraries ＊/

#define    ELIBEXEC    83    /＊ Cannot exec a shared library directly ＊/

#define    EILSEQ        84    /＊ Illegal byte sequence ＊/

#define    ERESTART    85    /＊ Interrupted system call should be restarted ＊/

#define    ESTRPIPE    86    /＊ Streams pipe error ＊/

#define    EUSERS        87    /＊ Too many users ＊/

#define    ENOTSOCK    88    /＊ Socket operation on non-socket ＊/

#define    EDESTADDRREQ    89    /＊ Destination address required ＊/

#define    EMSGSIZE    90    /＊ Message too long ＊/

#define    EPROTOTYPE    91    /＊ Protocol wrong type for socket ＊/

#define    ENOPROTOOPT    92    /＊ Protocol not available ＊/

#define    EPROTONOSUPPORT    93    /＊ Protocol not supported ＊/

#define    ESOCKTNOSUPPORT    94    /＊ Socket type not supported ＊/

#define    EOPNOTSUPP    95    /＊ Operation not supported on transport endpoint ＊/

#define    EPFNOSUPPORT    96    /＊ Protocol family not supported ＊/

#define    EAFNOSUPPORT    97    /＊ Address family not supported by protocol ＊/

#define    EADDRINUSE    98    /＊ Address already in use ＊/

#define    EADDRNOTAVAIL    99    /＊ Cannot assign requested address ＊/

#define    ENETDOWN    100    /＊ Network is down ＊/

#define    ENETUNREACH    101    /＊ Network is unreachable ＊/

#define    ENETRESET    102    /＊ Network dropped connection because of reset ＊/

#define    ECONNABORTED    103    /＊ Software caused connection abort ＊/

#define    ECONNRESET    104    /＊ Connection reset by peer ＊/

#define    ENOBUFS        105    /＊ No buffer space available ＊/

#define    EISCONN        106    /＊ Transport endpoint is already connected ＊/

#define    ENOTCONN    107    /＊ Transport endpoint is not connected ＊/

#define    ESHUTDOWN    108    /＊ Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown ＊/

#define    ETOOMANYREFS    109    /＊ Too many references: cannot splice ＊/

#define    ETIMEDOUT    110    /＊ Connection timed out ＊/

#define    ECONNREFUSED    111    /＊ Connection refused ＊/

#define    EHOSTDOWN    112    /＊ Host is down ＊/

#define    EHOSTUNREACH    113    /＊ No route to host ＊/

#define    EALREADY    114    /＊ Operation already in progress ＊/

#define    EINPROGRESS    115    /＊ Operation now in progress ＊/

#define    ESTALE        116    /＊ Stale NFS file handle ＊/

#define    EUCLEAN        117    /＊ Structure needs cleaning ＊/

#define    ENOTNAM        118    /＊ Not a XENIX named type file ＊/

#define    ENAVAIL        119    /＊ No XENIX semaphores available ＊/

#define    EISNAM        120    /＊ Is a named type file ＊/

#define    EREMOTEIO    121    /＊ Remote I/O error ＊/

#define    EDQUOT        122    /＊ Quota exceeded ＊/

 

#define    ENOMEDIUM    123    /＊ No medium found ＊/

#define    EMEDIUMTYPE    124    /＊ Wrong medium type ＊/

#define    ECANCELED    125    /＊ Operation Canceled ＊/

#define    ENOKEY        126    /＊ Required key not available ＊/

#define    EKEYEXPIRED    127    /＊ Key has expired ＊/

#define    EKEYREVOKED    128    /＊ Key has been revoked ＊/

#define    EKEYREJECTED    129    /＊ Key was rejected by service ＊/

 

/＊ for robust mutexes ＊/

#define    EOWNERDEAD    130    /＊ Owner died ＊/

#define    ENOTRECOVERABLE    131    /＊ State not recoverable ＊/

 

#define ERFKILL        132    /＊ Operation not possible due to RF-kill ＊/

 

 

#ifdef __KERNEL__

 

/＊

 ＊ These should never be seen by user programs. To return one of ERESTART＊

 ＊ codes, signal_pending() MUST be set. Note that ptrace can observe these

 ＊ at syscall exit tracing, but they will never be left for the debugged user

 ＊ process to see.

 ＊/

#define ERESTARTSYS    512

#define ERESTARTNOINTR    513

#define ERESTARTNOHAND    514    /＊ restart if no handler.. ＊/

#define ENOIOCTLCMD    515    /＊ No ioctl command ＊/

#define ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK 516 /＊ restart by calling sys_restart_syscall ＊/

 

/＊ Defined for the NFSv3 protocol ＊/

#define EBADHANDLE    521    /＊ Illegal NFS file handle ＊/

#define ENOTSYNC    522    /＊ Update synchronization mismatch ＊/

#define EBADCOOKIE    523    /＊ Cookie is stale ＊/

#define ENOTSUPP    524    /＊ Operation is not supported ＊/

#define ETOOSMALL    525    /＊ Buffer or request is too small ＊/

#define ESERVERFAULT    526    /＊ An untranslatable error occurred ＊/

#define EBADTYPE    527    /＊ Type not supported by server ＊/

#define EJUKEBOX    528    /＊ Request initiated, but will not complete before timeout ＊/

#define EIOCBQUEUED    529    /＊ iocb queued, will get completion event ＊/

#define EIOCBRETRY    530    /＊ iocb queued, will trigger a retry ＊/

 

#endif