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  • python操作Excel的几种方式

    Python对Excel的读写主要有xlrd、xlwt、xlutils、openpyxl、xlsxwriter几种。

    1.xlrd主要是用来读取excel文件

    import xlrd

    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(u'有趣装逼每日数据及趋势.xls')

    sheet_names= workbook.sheet_names()

    for sheet_name in sheet_names:

       sheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)

       print sheet_name rows = sheet2.row_values(3) # 获取第四行内容

       cols = sheet2.col_values(1) # 获取第二列内容

       print rows

       print cols

    2.xlwt主要是用来写excel文件

    import xlwt

    wbk = xlwt.Workbook()

    sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')

    sheet.write(0,1,'test text')#第0行第一列写入内容

    wbk.save('test.xls')

    3.xlutils结合xlrd可以达到修改excel文件目的

    import xlrd

    from xlutils.copy import copy

    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(u'有趣装逼每日数据及趋势.xls')

    workbooknew = copy(workbook)

    ws = workbooknew.get_sheet(0)

    ws.write(3, 0, 'changed!')

    workbooknew.save(u'有趣装逼每日数据及趋势copy.xls')

    4.openpyxl可以对excel文件进行读写操作

    from openpyxl import Workbook

    from openpyxl import load_workbook

    from openpyxl.writer.excel import ExcelWriter 

    workbook_ = load_workbook(u"新歌检索失败1477881109469.xlsx")

    sheetnames =workbook_.get_sheet_names() #获得表单名字

    print sheetnames

    sheet = workbook_.get_sheet_by_name(sheetnames[0])

    print sheet.cell(row=3,column=3).value

    sheet['A1'] = '47' 

    workbook_.save(u"新歌检索失败1477881109469_new.xlsx")  

    wb = Workbook()

    ws = wb.active

    ws['A1'] = 4

    wb.save("新歌检索失败.xlsx") 

         

    5.xlsxwriter可以写excel文件并加上图表

    import xlsxwriter

    def get_chart(series):

        chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'})

        for ses in series:

            name = ses["name"]

            values = ses["values"]

            chart.add_series({ 

                'name': name,

                'categories': 'A2:A10',

                'values':values

            })  

        chart.set_size({'width': 700, 'height': 350}) 

        return chart

    if __name__ == '__main__':

        workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(u'H5应用中心关键数据及趋势.xlsx') 

        worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet(u"每日PV,UV")

        headings = ['日期', '平均值']

        worksheet.write_row('A1', headings)

        index=0

        for row in range(1,10):

            for com in [0,1]:

                worksheet.write(row,com,index)

                index+=1  

        series = [{"name":"平均值","values":"B2:B10"}]

        chart = get_chart(series)

        chart.set_title ({'name': '每日页面分享数据'})  

        worksheet.insert_chart('H7', chart)

        workbook.close()

    一、对excel的写操作实例:

    将一个列表的数据写入excel, 第一行是标题,下面行数具体的数据

    复制代码
     1 import xlwt
     2 #只能写不能读
     3 stus = [['姓名', '年龄', '性别', '分数'],
     4         ['mary', 20, '女', 89.9],
     5         ['mary', 20, '女', 89.9],
     6         ['mary', 20, '女', 89.9],
     7         ['mary', 20, '女', 89.9]
     8         ]
     9 book = xlwt.Workbook()#新建一个excel
    10 sheet = book.add_sheet('case1_sheet')#添加一个sheet页
    11 row = 0#控制行
    12 for stu in stus:
    13     col = 0#控制列
    14     for s in stu:#再循环里面list的值,每一列
    15         sheet.write(row,col,s)
    16         col+=1
    17     row+=1
    18 book.save('stu_1.xls')#保存到当前目录下
    复制代码

    二、对excel 的读操作:

    复制代码
     1 import xlrd
     2 #只能读不能写
     3 book = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls')#打开一个excel
     4 sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)#根据顺序获取sheet
     5 sheet2 = book.sheet_by_name('case1_sheet')#根据sheet页名字获取sheet
     6 print(sheet.cell(0,0).value)#指定行和列获取数据
     7 print(sheet.cell(0,1).value)
     8 print(sheet.cell(0,2).value)
     9 print(sheet.cell(0,3).value)
    10 print(sheet.ncols)#获取excel里面有多少列
    11 print(sheet.nrows)#获取excel里面有多少行
    12 print(sheet.get_rows())#
    13 for i in sheet.get_rows():
    14     print(i)#获取每一行的数据
    15 print(sheet.row_values(0))#获取第一行
    16 for i in range(sheet.nrows):#0 1 2 3 4 5
    17     print(sheet.row_values(i))#获取第几行的数据
    18 
    19 print(sheet.col_values(1))#取第一列的数据
    20 for i in range(sheet.ncols):
    21     print(sheet.col_values(i))#获取第几列的数据
    复制代码

    三、对excel的修改操作:

    将excel中的某个值修改并重新保存

    复制代码
    from xlutils.copy import copy
    import xlrd
    #xlutils:修改excel
    book1 = xlrd.open_workbook('stu.xls')
    book2 = copy(book1)#拷贝一份原来的excel
    # print(dir(book2))
    sheet = book2.get_sheet(0)#获取第几个sheet页,book2现在的是xlutils里的方法,不是xlrd的
    sheet.write(1,3,0)
    sheet.write(1,0,'hello')
    book2.save('stu.xls')



    ##################单元格常用设置##############################

    1、设置超链接

      #设置超链接
      

      font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
      font.colour_index = 4 # 蓝色字体
      font.underline=True
      style = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style.font = font
      sheet.write(rowIndex,4,xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("https://www.baidu.com";"baidu")'),style)

    2、设置单元格背景色

      #设置单元格背景色 
      pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
      pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
      pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 #黄色
      style = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style.pattern = pattern
      sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)
      ''' 颜色值
      0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 
      5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 
      17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
      20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal,
      22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray 
      '''

    3、设置粗字体

      style = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold 1')

      sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)

    4、设置字体颜色

      style = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold 0, color red;')#红色字体

      sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)

    5、设置列宽带

      sheet.col(1).width = 3333 # 3333 = 1" (one inch)

    6、设置日期格式

      style = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style.num_format_str = 'YYYY/MM/DD h:mm:ss' 
      sheet.write(5, 5, datetime.datetime.now(), style)

      

      #Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss,
      # M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0

    7、合并行和列

      sheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge')

      sheet.write_merge(2, 4, 0, 3, 'Second Merge')

      

    8、给单元格增加边框 

      borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
      borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED

      # May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED,   THIN_DASH_DOTTED,              #MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED,

      #SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
      borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
      borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
      borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
      borders.left_colour = 0x40
      borders.right_colour = 0x40
      borders.top_colour = 0x40
      borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
      style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
      style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style

      

    9、设置单元格中内容中位置,居中,局左右等

      alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
      # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, 
      #HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED
      alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER   #水平居中
      # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
      alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER    #垂直居中
      style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
      style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
      sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/klb561/p/9986861.html
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