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  • ELK---日志分析系统

    ELK就是一套完整的日志分析系统

    ELK=Logstash+Elasticsearch+Kibana

    统一官网https://www.elastic.co/products

    ELK模块说明

    Logstash

    作用:用于处理传入的日志,负责收集、过滤和写出日志

    Logstash分为三个组件input,filter,output

    输入input

    常用file,redis,kafka

    示例:

    input

    file {

              path => ['/var/log/neutron/dhcp-agent.log']   //日志路径

              tags => ['openstack','oslofmt', 'neutron', 'neutron-dhcp-agent'] 

              start_position => "beginning" 

              type => "neutron" 

              codec => multiline {  //合并行

                   pattern => "^%{OPENSTACK_TRACE_BLOCK}"  //自定义变量

                   what => "previous"  //上一行合并,next下一行合并

              }

         }

    input {

    kafka {

        zk_connect => "server:2181"

        topic_id => "nova"

        codec =>json

        reset_beginning => false

        consumer_threads => 2

    decorate_events =>true

    }

    }

    过滤filter

    常用Date时间处理、Grok正则捕获、GeoIP地址查询

    示例:

    Fileter{

        grok {

            match => { "message" => "%{OPENSTACK_NORMAL}%{GREEDYDATA:message}"} 

            overwrite => ["message"]  //重写message

            }

         }

    }

    Grok内置变量 

    可以自定义变量

    1.自定义变量路径

    /opt/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/1.9/gems/logstash-patterns-core-2.0.2/patterns

    2. 自定义变量存放在 /opt/logstash/patterns

    在配置中添加

    filter {

      grok {

        patterns_dir => ["/opt/logstash/patterns "]

        match => { "message" => "%{OPENSTACK_NORMAL}%{GREEDYDATA:message}"}}

      }

    }

    OPENSTACK_NORMAL ^%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:logdate} %{NUMBER:pid} %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} %{NOTSPACE:module}%{SPACE}

    2016-04-27 15:19:14.455 4392 DEBUG nova.api.openstack.wsgi [req-fde66cf0-6d28-4b0d-8671-bce33bb48665 0f288a5b5f19437db670ef94269bfd36 629fb63dd82e46fa937accc99d417059 - - -] Action: 'create', calling method: <bound methodServersController.createof<nova.api.openstack.compute.servers.ServersController object at 0x7c61d10>>, body: {"server": {"name": "test11", "imageRef": "c9620d95-fc3a-4090-b9e8-6c3909cc556e", "flavorRef": "100000000", "max_count": 1, "min_count": 1, "networks": [{"uuid": "e18f583f-c8cf-433a-8095-315712525ecd"}]}} _process_stack /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nova/api/openstack/wsgi.py:789

    output

    常用Elasticserch、保存为文件、输出到HDFS、标准输出

    示例:

    output {

    elasticsearch {

    hosts=>["server:9200"]   //老版本为 host 新版本 hosts

    document_type =>"%{type}"

    workers => 2

    index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"  //索引名称

    }

    }

    output {

    kafka {

           bootstrap_servers => "server:9092"

           topic_id => "nova"

           compression_type => "snappy"

         }

    }

     

     

     

     

     

     

    elasticsearch

    用于将导入数据建立动态倒排索引,建立磁盘缓存,提供磁盘同步控制,达到准实时检索

    DB 和 elasticsearch对比

    Index索引

    索引相当于数据库的一个库

    Type

    类型相当于数据库的一个表

    Document

    文档相当于数据库的一行数据

    Filed

    属性相当于数据库的一个字段

    Mapping

    映射理解为一种方案

    查询方式

    1. query-string

     curl -XGET server:9200/logstash-nova-2016.04.27/nova/_search?q=pid.raw:1524'

    2.DSL (常用)

      curl -XGET server:9200/logstash-nova-2016.04.27/nova/_search -d '{

        "query" : {

            "term" : { "pid.raw " : "1524" }

        }

      }

    GET  查询

    POST 更新

    PUT  创建

    DELETE删除

    HEAD获取基础信息

    集群(Cluster)

    ES集群是一个或多个节点的集合,它们共同存储了整个数据集,并提供了联合索引以及可跨所有节点的搜索能力。

    ES集群需要修改配置文件

    config/elasticsearch.yml

    每台es机器的配置文件中 cluster.name相同,node.name不一致

    ES集群内部实现HA,避免单点故障

    集群内部自动选择一个主节点,监听node节点状态,如果发生故障提取节点副本分片,均衡分发给其他节点。

    节点(Node)

    运行了单个实例的ES主机称为节点,它是集群的一个成员,可以存储数据、参与集群索引及搜索操作。

    分片(shard)

    分片存储索引,一个索引可能会存在多个分片上。

    Shard有两种类型:primary和replica,即主shard及副本shard。

    Primary shard创建完成,其Primary shard的数量将不可更改,默认是5

    Replica shard是Primary Shard的副本,用于冗余数据及提高搜索性能,默认是1。

    说明:

    Elasticsearch优化方案

    1. 使用SSD 在elasticsearch.yml配置数据存放位置

    path.data: /mnt/data/elasticsearch  #数据存在挂载硬盘 进行配置

    1. 根据索引数量,调整分片数量
    2. 根据实际情况调整内存
    3. Elasticsearch mapping调整,有些默认设置可以禁用

    Index中默认会有_all的域,这个会给查询带来方便,但是会增加索引时间和索引尺寸

    "_all" : {"enabled" : false}

    执行语句

    PUT my_index

    {

      "mappings": {

        "my_type": {

          "_all": {

            "enabled": false

          }

                }

              }

           }

    Elasticsearch API说明

    文档API: 提供对文档的增删改查操作

    搜索API: 提供对文档进行某个字段的查询

    索引API: 提供对索引进行操作

    查看API: 按照更直观的形式返回数据,更适用于控制台请求展示

    集群API: 对集群进行查看和操作的API

    查询语法可以参考官网进行学习:

    https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

    安装elasticsearch head插件管理es

    Kibana

    用于获得elasticsearch的数据进行展示

    应用

    创建虚拟机的日志收集

    Logstash   配置文件

    input {

        file {

            path => ['/var/log/nova/nova-api.log']

            tags => ['openstack','oslofmt', 'oslofmt', 'nova', 'nova-api']

            start_position => "beginning"

            type => "nova"

        }

        file {

            path => ['/var/log/nova/nova-conductor.log']

            tags => ['openstack', 'oslofmt', 'nova', 'nova-conductor']

            start_position => "beginning"

            type => "nova"

                }

       

        file {

            path => ['/var/log/nova/nova-scheduler.log']

            tags => ['openstack', 'oslofmt',  'nova', 'nova-scheduler']

            start_position => "beginning"

            type => "nova"

                }

        file {             

            path => ['/var/log/nova/nova-compute.log']

            tags => ['openstack', 'oslofmt', 'nova', 'nova-compute']

            start_position => "beginning"

            type => "nova"

                }

       

        file {

            path => ['/var/log/neutron/server.log']

            tags => ['openstack','oslofmt', 'neutron', 'neutron-server']

            start_position => "beginning"

            type => "neutron"

                }

    }

    filter {

       

        mutate {

            gsub => ['path', "/.+/", ""]

        }

       

        if "oslofmt" in [tags] {

            grok {

                match => { "message" => "%{OPENSTACK_NORMAL}%{GREEDYDATA:message}"}

                overwrite => ["message"]

            }

        }

       

        if "Traceback" in [message] or "File" in [message] or "RuntimeERROR" in [message] or "Command" in [message] or "Exit" in [message] or "Stdin" in [message]{

             multiline {   

                pattern => "^%{GREEDYDATA}"

                what => "previous"

            }

        }

       

        date {

            match => ["logdate", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS",

                                 "EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss.SSSSSS yyyy",

                                 "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss",

                                 "dd-MMM-yyyy::HH:mm:ss",

                                 "MMM dd HH:mm:ss",

                                 "MMM  dd HH:mm:ss",

                                 "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"  ]

        }

        if [loglevel] in ["WARNING","WARN","TRACE", "ERROR"] {

            mutate {

                add_tag => ["something_wrong"]

            }

        }

           

    }

    output {

    stdout { codec => rubydebug }

    elasticsearch

    {hosts=>["server:9200"]

    document_type =>"%{type}"

    workers => 16

    index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

    }

    }

    Elasticsearch  

    按照模块query DSL 语句

    nova-api

    Curl-XGET"http://192.168.44.128:9200/logstash-nova-2016.04.27/nova/_search?pretty=true" -d

    '{"query":

    {"bool":

    {"must":

    [{"term":{"path.raw":"nova-api.log"}},{"query_string": {"default_field": "_all","query": "fde66cf0 783b26ba"}},

    {"range": {"logdate.raw": {"gt": "2016-04-27 15:19:14.455","lt": "2016-04-27 15:19:21.999"}

    }}]

    }

    }

    }'

     nova-scheduler

    curl-XGET"http://192.168.44.128:9200/logstash-nova-2016.04.27/nova/_search?pretty=true" -d

    '{"query":

    {"bool":

    {"must":

    [{"term":

    {"path.raw":"nova-scheduler.log"}},{"query_string": {"default_field": "_all","query": "fde66cf0"}}],

    "must_not": [ ],"should": [ ]

    }

    }

    }'

    nova-conductor

    curl-XGET"http://192.168.44.128:9200/logstash-nova-2016.04.27/nova/_search?pretty=true"  -d

    '{"query":

    {"bool":

    {"must":

    [{"term":

    {"path.raw":"nova.conductor.log"}},

    {"query_string":{"default_field":"_all","query":"fde66cf0"}}],

    "must_not": [ ],

    "should": [ ]

    }

    }

    }'

    nova-compute

    curl-XGET"http://192.168.44.128:9200/logstash-nova-2016.04.27/nova/_search?pretty=true"  -d

    '{"query":

    {"bool":

    {"must":

    [{"term":

    {"path.raw":"nova-compute.log"}},

    {"query_string":

    {"default_field":"_all","query":"fde66cf0"}},

    {"range":

    {"logdate.raw":{"gt":"2016-04-2715:19:10.000","lt": "2016-04-2715:25:07.981"}}}],

    "must_not":

    [{"term":{"module.raw":"oslo_service.periodic_task"}},

    {"term":{"module.raw":"oslo_concurrency.lockutils"}},

    {"term": {"module.raw": "keystoneclient.session"}}],

    "should": [ ]

    }

    }

    }'

    server.log

    curl-XGET"http://192.168.44.128:9200/logstash-neutron-2016.04.27/neutron/_search?pretty=true"  -d

    '{"query":

    {"bool":

    {"must":

    [{"term": {"path.raw": "server.log"}},

    {"query_string":{"default_field":"_all","query":"783b26ba ed1db9be"}},

    {"range":{"logdate.raw":{"gt":"2016-04-2715:19:10.000","lt": "2016-04-27 15:21:00.000"}

    }

    }]

    }

    }

    }'

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/knitmesh/p/5447489.html
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