filter built-in function
filter(f,sequence)
filter can apply the function f to each element of sequence. If return is true the element will be returned and re-organized to be a new sequence. The type of new sequence can be list/tuple/string, this depends on the input sequence type.
>>> l=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> f = lambda x: True if x%2 == 0 else False
>>> filter(f,l)
[2, 4]
>>> t=(1,2,3,4,5)
>>> filter(f,t)
(2, 4)
map built-in function
map(f, sequence)
map will apply f to each element of sequence. The result will be returned to be a new list(Unless filter, the return will always a list).
>>> f= lambda y : y*2
>>> l=[1,2,3]
>>> t=(1,2,3)
>>> map(f,l)
[2, 4, 6]
>>> map(f,t)
[2, 4, 6]
reduce() built-in function
reduce(f, sequence, start_value)
reduce apply f to sequence by the order of the sequence. If there is a start_value, this one will be called first.
>>> l = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
>>> f = lambda x,y : x+y
>>> reduce(f,l)
45
>>> reduce(f,l, 20)
65