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  • Django-website 程序案例系列-4 ORM数据库操作

    数据库表的创建:

    使用mysql时注意,在setting.py中的设置:

    DATABASES = {
    'default': {
    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', #mysql的引擎
    'NAME': '', #数据库名
    'USER': '', #数据库用户名
    'PASSWORD': '', #数据库密码
    'HOST': '127.0.0.1', #数据库host
    'PORT': '3306', #数据库端口
    },
    }

    还需在项目文件夹下的__init__.py中添加mysql的驱动:

    #django默认使用MySQLdb模块连接mysql
    #需要主动修改为pymysql
    import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

    models.py # 在这个文件中创建类

    from django.db import models

    # 生成的表名为day1_userinfo
    class UserInfo(models.Model): #创建的类必须继承models.Model
    # id列,自增,主键 不用用户创建 django会自己给你创建一个
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    在命令符界面执行:
    python manage.py makemigrations #生成临时文件在migrations文件夹中
    python manage.py migrate     #在数据库中生成表

    生成了django自带的很多张表

     数据库表基本操作:

    def orm(request):
    #插入数据
    #方式1:
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123',)
    #方式2
    obj = models.UserInfo(username='zhangjian', password='123')
    obj.save()
    #方式3
    dic ={'username': 'hapi', 'password': '1123'}
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
    #查询数据
    #查询表出来的是一个django表对象是以列表QuerySet对象
    # QuerySet对象就相当于是一个列表,如下:
    # <QuerySet [<UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>]>
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.all() #查询所有
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root',password='123') #条件查询
    for row in result: #对表进行循环取出值
    print(row.id, row.username, row.password)
    #删除操作
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root').delete() #删除用户名为root的
    #更新操作
    models.UserInfo.objects.all().update(password=666)#所有用户密码改成666

    return HttpResponse('orm')

    页面操作数据库增删改查:

    url路由配置:
    url(r'^index/', views.index),
    url(r'^user_info/', views.user_info),
    url(r'^userdetail-(?P<uid>d+)/', views.userdetail),
    url(r'^userdel-(?P<uid>d+)/', views.userdel),
    url(r'^usered-(?P<uid>d+)/', views.usered),
    index.html页面:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
    <body>
    
        <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
            <h3>111111111111111</h3>
        </div>
        <div>
            <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;bottom: 0;left: 0; 200px;background-color: brown;">
                <a class="menu" href="/user_info/">用户管理</a>
                <a class="menu" href="/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
            </div>
            <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto;">
    
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

        py代码:

    def index(request):
        return render(request, 'index.html')
    

        查询用户页面user_info.html:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
    <body>
    
        <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
            <h3>111111111111111</h3>
        </div>
        <div>
            <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;bottom: 0;left: 0; 200px;background-color: brown;">
                <a class="menu" href="/user_info/">用户管理</a>
                <a class="menu" href="/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
            </div>
            <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto;">
                <h3>添加用户</h3>
                <form action="/user_info/"  method='POST'>
                    <input type="text" name="user"/>
                    <input type="text" name="pwd" />
                    <input type="submit" name="添加"/>
                </form>
                    <h3>用户列表</h3>
                <ul>
                    {% for row in user_list %}
                    <li>
                        <a href="/userdetail-{{ row.id }}/">{{ row.username }}</a> |
                        <a href="/userdel-{{ row.id }}/">删除</a> |
                        <a href="/usered-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>
                    </li>
                    {% endfor %}
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>  

       用户详情页面userdetail.html:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
    <body>
    
        <div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
            <h3>111111111111111</h3>
        </div>
        <div>
            <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;bottom: 0;left: 0; 200px;background-color: brown;">
                <a class="menu" href="/user_info/">用户管理</a>
                <a class="menu" href="/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
            </div>
            <div style="position: absolute;top: 48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto;">
                <h1>用户详细信息</h1>
                <h5>{{ obj.id }}</h5>
                <h5>{{ obj.username }}</h5>
                <h5>{{ obj.password }}</h5>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>

       py代码:

    def user_info(request):
        if request.method == "GET":
            user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
            print(user_list.query) #查看原生的sql语句
        elif request.method == "POST":
            u = request.POST.get('user')
            p = request.POST.get('pwd')
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u, password=p)
            return redirect('/user_info/')
        return render(request, 'userinfo.html', {"user_list": user_list})
    def userdetail(request, uid):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).first() #取id=uid的用户
    return render(request, 'user_detail.html', {"obj": obj})

    删除用户py代码:

    def userdel(request, uid):
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).delete()
        return redirect('/user_info/')

    修改用户py代码:

    def usered(request, uid):
        if request.method == "GET":
            obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
            return render(request, 'usered.html', {"obj": obj})
        elif request.method == "POST":
            u = request.POST.get("username")
            p = request.POST.get("password")
            models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=uid).update(username=u, password=p)
            return redirect('/user_info/')
    

    业务线和主机列表案列:

    model.py

    class Host(models.Model):
        hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32, db_index=True)
        ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(db_index=True,protocol="ipv4")
        port = models.IntegerField()
        b = models.ForeignKey('Business', to_field='id')
    
    
    class Business(models.Model):
        caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        code = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)
    

      

    views.py

    def business(request):
        v1 = models.Business.objects.all() #取出来的是queryset对象
        v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values('id', 'caption')  # 取出来的是一个字典方式 如果出现values()都是字典的方式
        v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list('id', 'caption') # 取出来是一个元组方式 如果出现values()都是元组的方式
        return render(request, 'business.html', {'v1': v1, 'v2': v2, 'v3': v3})
    

      

    business.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>业务线列表(对象)</h1>
        <ul>
            {% for row in v1 %}
                <li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }} - {{ row.code }}</li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    
        <ul>
        <h1>业务线列表(字典)</h1>
            {% for row in v2 %}
                <li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }}</li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    
        <ul>
        <h1>业务线列表(元组)</h1>
            {% for row in v3 %}
                <li>{{ row.0 }} - {{ row.1 }}</li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    </body>
    </html>
    

      

    结果:

     urls.py

        url(r'^business$', views.business),
        url(r'^host$', views.host),
    

      

    views.py

    def host(request):
        v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(id__gt=0)
        return render(request, 'host.html', {'v1': v1})
    

      

    host.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>主机信息</h1>
        <table border="1">
            <thead>
                <tr>
              <th>序号</th> <th>主机名</th> <th>IP</th> <th>端口</th> <th>业务线ID</th> <th>业务线名称</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in v1 %} <tr host-id="{{ row.id }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}"> #可以给tr增加属性 来传主机ID 和 Business表的 b_id {# <td>{{ row.id }}</td>#} #一般不显示主机ID
                <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> #自动产生序号 还有 forloop.counter0 <td>{{ row.hostname }}</td> <td>{{ row.ip }}</td> <td>{{ row.port }}</td> <td>{{ row.b_id }}</td> #跨表操作Business表的id <td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td> #跨表操作Business表的caption </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>

      

    结果:




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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kuku0223/p/7852812.html
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