Sql Server 表创建以及Ef浅谈

1.在数据库中新建两张测试表

创建用户表

use eftest
go
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='UserInfo')
drop table UserInfo
create table UserInfo(
  ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
  UserName nvarchar(100) not null,
  Sex char(1) default '男',
  age int  
)
go

创建订单表

use eftest
go
if exists (select * from sysobjects where name='OrderInfo')
drop table OrderInfo
create table OrderInfo
(
    ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
    UserID int not null ,
    ThinName nvarchar(100) not null    
    )
go    
    
alter table OrderInfo
add constraint OrderInfo_fk_UserInfo foreign key(UserID) references UserInfo(ID)    
select OrderInfo_fk_UserInfo    

生成的ef中的几个重要文件  

 以及两个相关的类

EF 基础知识：

 集合版实现ef的增加、修改、删除、查询

EfTestEntities content=new EfTestEntities();
            var userInfo = new UserInfo
            {
                UserName = "admin1",age = 10,Sex = "男"
            };
            content.UserInfo.Add(userInfo);
            //通过主键查询记录
            UserInfo userinfo=content.UserInfo.Find(13);
            //修改数据
            userinfo.UserName = "test123";
            //删除记录，请注意，在调用此方法之前，该实体必须以另一种状态存在于该上下文中。
            //即：该对象不能是自己实例创建的对象，必须是先查再删
            content.UserInfo.Remove(userinfo);

            content.SaveChanges();

状态版实现增删改查

首先是来看DbContext中的两个方法

1.传如一个实体，返回一个被跟踪的实体（为什么在上面在删除的时候，如果删除的实体没处于上下文中，就会报错，而这个状态就是在这生成的，因为增加，修改，删除的实现，并不是马上就执行的，只是你在操作的时候，先把上下文对象的状态进行了改变，在最后提交时才去按照上下文生成sql语句执行

            //增加，通过更改实体的状态实现，上面集合的实现本质上也是这种是实现
            context.Entry(userInfo).State = EntityState.Added;
            context.SaveChanges();
            
            //修改，建议使用，因为集合必须手动建立上下文跟踪后才能操作，而这个直接通过上下下文跟踪更直接
            //但这个将通过主键修改对象所有的字段，比如下面没设置age和sex，那么将改为null
            var useri = new UserInfo { ID = 14, UserName = "oldboy" };
            context.Entry(useri).State = EntityState.Modified;
            context.SaveChanges();

            //同理删除也一样
            var useri = new UserInfo { ID = 14, UserName = "oldboy" };
            context.Entry(useri).State = EntityState.Deleted;
            context.SaveChanges();

            //状态版还能修改某一个列，而集合版修改必须的先查整个对象再修改
            var useri = new UserInfo { ID = 15};
            context.UserInfo.Attach(useri);   //将对象加入上下文，默认为无状态（即不新增、也不修改、也不删除）
            context.Entry(useri).Property("UserName").CurrentValue = "yearboy";
            context.Entry(useri).Property("UserName").IsModified = true;
            context.SaveChanges();
//状态

 在DataContext中提供了Entity方法让我们来操作实体的状态

 /// <summary>
        /// Gets a <see cref="DbEntityEntry{T}" /> object for the given entity providing access to
        /// information about the entity and the ability to perform actions on the entity.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEntity"> The type of the entity. </typeparam>
        /// <param name="entity"> The entity. </param>
        /// <returns> An entry for the entity. </returns>
        public DbEntityEntry<TEntity> Entry<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class
        {
            Check.NotNull(entity, "entity");

            return new DbEntityEntry<TEntity>(new InternalEntityEntry(InternalContext, entity));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a <see cref="DbEntityEntry" /> object for the given entity providing access to
        /// information about the entity and the ability to perform actions on the entity.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity"> The entity. </param>
        /// <returns> An entry for the entity. </returns>
        public DbEntityEntry Entry(object entity)
        {
            Check.NotNull(entity, "entity");

            return new DbEntityEntry(new InternalEntityEntry(InternalContext, entity));
        }

 public virtual DbSet<TEntity> Set<TEntity>() where TEntity : class
        {
            return (DbSet<TEntity>)InternalContext.Set<TEntity>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a non-generic <see cref="DbSet"/> instance for access to entities of the given type in the context
        /// and the underlying store.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entityType"> The type of entity for which a set should be returned. </param>
        /// <returns> A set for the given entity type. </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Note that Entity Framework requires that this method return the same instance each time that it is called
        /// for a given context instance and entity type. Also, the generic <see cref="DbSet{TEntity}"/> returned by the
        /// <see cref="Set"/> method must wrap the same underlying query and set of entities. These invariants must
        /// be maintained if this method is overridden for anything other than creating test doubles for unit testing.
        /// See the <see cref="DbSet"/> class for more details.
        /// </remarks>
        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1716:IdentifiersShouldNotMatchKeywords", MessageId = "Set")]
        public virtual DbSet Set(Type entityType)
        {
            Check.NotNull(entityType, "entityType");

            return (DbSet)InternalContext.Set(entityType);
        }

两种语法的查询

查询语法

DbContext context1=new EfTestEntities();
            //获取UserInfo的集合，等同  EfTestEntities 中的UserInfo集合
            DbSet<UserInfo> users = context1.Set<UserInfo>();
            var result = from info in users
                         where info.ID > 14 && info.age != null 
                         select info.OrderInfo;
            Console.Write(result.Count());

 DbContext context1=new EfTestEntities();
            //获取UserInfo的集合，等同  EfTestEntities 中的UserInfo集合
            DbSet<UserInfo> users = context1.Set<UserInfo>();
            var result = from info in context.UserInfo
                         join orde in context.OrderInfo on info.ID equals orde.UserID
                       
                         select info;
            Console.WriteLine(result);

            var result1 = from info in context.UserInfo
                          from orde in info.OrderInfo
                        
                         select info;
            Console.WriteLine(result1);

 var result1 = from info in context.UserInfo
                from orde in info.OrderInfo
                select new  //new 新类   
                {
                    id = info.ID,
                    name = info.UserName
                };

方法语法

var tt = context.UserInfo.Where(c => c.ID > 14).Select(c => new {c.ID, c.UserName});

  //分页
            var re = context.UserInfo.
                Where(c => c.ID > 10).
                OrderByDescending(c => c.ID)
                .Skip(10).Take(10)
                .Select(c => c);