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  • Java网络编程实践

    网络编程的目的

    无线电台......传播交流信息,数据交换。通信

    想要达到这个效果需要什么:
    1. 如何准确的定位网络上的第一台主机 192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源。 2. 找到这个主机,如何传输数据?

    javaweb:网页编程 B/S
    网络编程:TCP/IP C/S

    网络通信的要素

    如何实现网络的通信?

    通信双方地址:

    • IP
    • 端口号
    • 192.168.16.124:5900

    规则:网络通信规则

    TCP/IP 参考模型:

    小结:
    1.网络编程中有两个主要问题

    如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
    找到主机之后如何进行通信

    2.网络编程中的要素

    IP和端口号
    网络通信协议  udp、tcp

    3.万物皆对象

    IP

    ip地址:InetAddress

    • 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
    • 127.0.0.1: 本机localhost
    • IP地址的分类

    ipv4/ipv6

    ==IPV4== 127.0.0.1, 4个字节组成。0-255 ==IPV6== 128位。8个无符号整数(包含abcde),例如:

    2001:0bb2:a3e1:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1312  
    

    公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)

    ABCD类IP地址(百度查看) 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用的

    • 域名

    IP:www.vip.com

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);
    
        //查询网站ip地址
        InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
        System.out.println(inetAddress2);
    
    
        //常用方法
        //System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());//一串字符
        System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
        System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
        System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名称
    
    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    

    }

    端口

    端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

    • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
    • 被规定0-65535
    • TCP,UDP : 65535*2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
    • 端口分类

    公用端口:0-1023

    HTTP:80
    HTTPS:443
    FTP:21
    Telent:23

    程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序

    Tomcat: 8080
    MySQL:3306
    Oracle:1521

    动态、私有:49512-65535

    netstat -ano # 查看所有的端口
    netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口
    tasklist|findstr "8696" # 查看指定端口的进程
    Ctrl + shift + ESC 快捷打开任务管理器

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress1);
        System.out.println(socketAddress2);
    
    System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress());
    System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
    System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());//端口
    

    }

    通信协议

    网络通信协议:速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制...

    问题:非常复杂

    大事化小:分成!

    TCP/IP协议簇

    重要:

    • TCP:用户传输协议
    • UDP:用户数据报协议

    TCP-UDP 对比:

    TCP:好比打电话

    连接、稳定
    三次握手、四次挥手

    三次握手可以理解为:

    A:你瞅啥
    B:瞅你咋地
    A:干一场
    

    A触发B,B回应,A再响应
    四次挥手可以理解为:

    A: 我要走了
    B:你真的要走了吗?
    B:你真的真的要走了吗?
    A:我真的要走了!
    

    A触发B,B回应,B再次确认,A再响应

    客户端、服务端
    传输完成、释放连接、效率低

    UDP:好比发短信

    不连接,不稳定
    客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
    不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你

    TCP

    客户端:

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    

    /*
    客户端
    */
    public class TCPClientDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3.发送消息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好!".getBytes());
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    }

    服务端:

    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    

    /*
    服务端
    */
    public class TCPServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    
        try {
            //1.服务端得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端连接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端的消息
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //方式一:
    

    // byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    // int len;
    // while((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1){
    // String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
    // System.out.println(msg);
    // }
    //方式二:管道流
    baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
    }

            System.out.println(baos.toString());
    
    
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            //关闭资源
            //按以下顺序关闭
    

    // baos.close();
    // is.close();
    // socket.close();
    // serverSocket.close;
    if (baos != null){
    try {
    baos.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    if(is != null){
    try {
    is.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    if(socket != null){
    try {
    socket.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    if(serverSocket != null){
    try {
    serverSocket.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }

    分析:先运行服务端,再运行客户端,然后服务端会收到"你好"字符串。

    将服务端代码改为持续监听——放入到while循环中。

                while (true){
                    //2.等待客户端连接过来
                    socket = serverSocket.accept();
                    //3.读取客户端的消息
                    is = socket.getInputStream();
                    //方式一:
    //            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    //            int len;
    //            while((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1){
    //                String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
    //                System.out.println(msg);
    //            }
                    //方式二:管道流
                    baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int len;
                    while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                        baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                    }
    
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
    

    TCP流程:

    客户端:

    1. 连接服务器 Socket
    2. 发送消息

    服务器:

    1. 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
    2. 等待用户的连接 accept()
    3. 接收用户消息

    TCP文件上传

    客户端:

    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.Socket;
    

    /*
    客户端
    */

    public class TCPClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    //1.创建一个socket连接
    Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
    //2.创建一个输出流
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        //3.文件流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("testpic.png"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
            os.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
    
        //通知服务器,已经传输完成
        socket.shutdownOutput();
    
        //确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0, len2);
        }
    
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
    
        //5.关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    
    }
    

    }

    服务端:

    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    

    /*
    服务端
    */
    public class TCPServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    //1.创建服务
    ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
    //2.监听客户端的连接
    Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞监听,会一直等待客户端连接
    //3.获取输入流
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
    
        //通知客户端接收完毕
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完毕,你可以断开了".getBytes());
    
    
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    
    }
    

    }

    UDP

    发送消息

    import java.net.DatagramPacket;
    import java.net.DatagramSocket;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    

    public class UDPClientDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
    
        //2.建个包
        String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
    
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        //数据、数据的长度起始、要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
    
        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
    
        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
    

    }

    接收端:

    import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket;

    //还是要等待客户端的连接 public class UDPServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //开放端口 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090); //接收数据包 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
    
    //读取数据
    System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
    System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
    //关闭连接
    socket.close();
    

    }

    }

    循环发送消息

    循环发送消息

    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.net.DatagramPacket;
    import java.net.DatagramSocket;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    

    public class UDPSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据:控制台读取System.in
    
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    
        while(true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
    
            socket.send(packet);
    
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
    
        socket.close();
    }
    

    }

    循环接收消息

    import java.net.DatagramPacket;
    import java.net.DatagramSocket;
    

    public class UDPReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while(true){
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
    
            //断开连接
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
    
            System.out.println(receiveData);
    
            if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
    
        }
    
        socket.close();
    
    }
    

    }

    实现简易聊天

    发送功能

    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.net.DatagramPacket;
    import java.net.DatagramSocket;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.net.SocketException;
    

    public class TalkSend implements Runnable {

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    
    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;
    
    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
    
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
    
        while(true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
    
                socket.send(packet);
    
                if (data.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
    

    }

    接收功能

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.DatagramPacket;
    import java.net.DatagramSocket;
    import java.net.SocketException;
    

    public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    
    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
    
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
    
        while(true){
            try {
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
    
                //断开连接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
    
                System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
    
                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
        socket.close();
    }
    

    }

    学生窗口:

    public class TalkStudent {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
            new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
        }
    }
    

    教师窗口:

    public class TalkTeacher {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
            new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
        }
    }
    

    URL

    统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源 、

    • getPath: 文件地址
    • getProtocol: 协议
    • getHost: 主机ip
    • getPort: 端口
    • getFile: 全路径
    • getQuery: 参数
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kylinxxx/p/13299737.html
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