网络编程的目的
无线电台......传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1. 如何准确的定位网络上的第一台主机 192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源。
2. 找到这个主机,如何传输数据?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- IP
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信规则
TCP/IP 参考模型:
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要问题
如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
IP和端口号
网络通信协议 udp、tcp
3.万物皆对象
IP
ip地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
- 127.0.0.1: 本机localhost
- IP地址的分类
ipv4/ipv6
==IPV4== 127.0.0.1, 4个字节组成。0-255 ==IPV6== 128位。8个无符号整数(包含abcde),例如:
2001:0bb2:a3e1:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1312
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
ABCD类IP地址(百度查看) 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用的
- 域名
IP:www.vip.com
public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 //System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());//一串字符 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名称 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0-65535
- TCP,UDP : 65535*2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
公用端口:0-1023
HTTP:80
HTTPS:443
FTP:21
Telent:23程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序
Tomcat: 8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521动态、私有:49512-65535
netstat -ano # 查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" # 查看指定端口的进程
Ctrl + shift + ESC 快捷打开任务管理器
public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress1); System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());//端口
}
通信协议
网络通信协议:速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制...
问题:非常复杂
大事化小:分成!
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
TCP-UDP 对比:
TCP:好比打电话
连接、稳定
三次握手、四次挥手三次握手可以理解为:
A:你瞅啥 B:瞅你咋地 A:干一场
A触发B,B回应,A再响应
四次挥手可以理解为:A: 我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了!
A触发B,B回应,B再次确认,A再响应
客户端、服务端
传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP:好比发短信
不连接,不稳定
客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
TCP
客户端:
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/*
客户端
*/
public class TCPClientDemo01 {public static void main(String[] args) { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; try { //1.要知道服务器地址 InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 9999; //2.创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(serverIP, port); //3.发送消息IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好!".getBytes()); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if(os != null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
}
服务端:
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket;
/*
服务端
*/
public class TCPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {ServerSocket serverSocket = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream is = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { //1.服务端得有一个地址 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); //2.等待客户端连接过来 socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3.读取客户端的消息 is = socket.getInputStream(); //方式一:
// byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// int len;
// while((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1){
// String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
// System.out.println(msg);
// }
//方式二:管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}System.out.println(baos.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ //关闭资源 //按以下顺序关闭
// baos.close();
// is.close();
// socket.close();
// serverSocket.close;
if (baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
分析:先运行服务端,再运行客户端,然后服务端会收到"你好"字符串。
将服务端代码改为持续监听——放入到while循环中。
while (true){ //2.等待客户端连接过来 socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3.读取客户端的消息 is = socket.getInputStream(); //方式一: // byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // int len; // while((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1){ // String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len); // System.out.println(msg); // } //方式二:管道流 baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ baos.write(buffer, 0, len); }
System.out.println(baos.toString()); }
TCP流程:
客户端:
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
服务器:
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept()
- 接收用户消息
TCP文件上传
客户端:
import java.io.*; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket;
/*
客户端
*/public class TCPClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//3.文件流 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("testpic.png")); //4.写出文件 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){ os.write(buffer, 0, len); } //通知服务器,已经传输完成 socket.shutdownOutput(); //确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接 InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024]; int len2; while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){ baos.write(buffer2,0, len2); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); //5.关闭资源 baos.close(); inputStream.close(); fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); }
}
服务端:
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket;
/*
服务端
*/
public class TCPServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();//4.文件输出 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){ fos.write(buffer, 0, len); } //通知客户端接收完毕 OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("我接受完毕,你可以断开了".getBytes()); fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); }
}
UDP
发送消息
import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UDPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.建立一个socket DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //2.建个包 String msg = "你好啊,服务器!"; //发送给谁 InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); int port = 9090; //数据、数据的长度起始、要发送给谁 DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port); //3.发送包 socket.send(packet); //4.关闭流 socket.close(); }
}
接收端:
import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接 public class UDPServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //开放端口 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090); //接收数据包 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
//读取数据 System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()); System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength())); //关闭连接 socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
循环发送消息
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UDPSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);//准备数据:控制台读取System.in BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); while(true){ String data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); }
}
循环接收消息
import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UDPReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);while(true){ byte[] container = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹 //断开连接 byte[] data = packet.getData(); String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length); System.out.println(receiveData); if (receiveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); }
}
实现简易聊天
发送功能
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null; BufferedReader reader = null; private int fromPort; private String toIP; private int toPort; public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) { this.fromPort = fromPort; this.toIP = toIP; this.toPort = toPort; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { while(true) { try { String data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")) { break; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); }
}
接收功能
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null; private int port; private String msgFrom; public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) { this.port = port; this.msgFrom = msgFrom; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(port); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { while(true){ try { byte[] container = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹 //断开连接 byte[] data = packet.getData(); String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length); System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData); if (receiveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); }
}
学生窗口:
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
教师窗口:
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源 、
- getPath: 文件地址
- getProtocol: 协议
- getHost: 主机ip
- getPort: 端口
- getFile: 全路径
- getQuery: 参数