1. 车辆基本信息管理 问题场景描述如下: 为了对车量基本信息进行管理,对现实世界车量基本信息抽象后,抽象出Car类、ElectricCar类、Battery类, 它们之间的关系描述如下:基于Car类派生出ElectricCar类,派生类ElectricCar中新增数据成员为Battery类 对象。
/*代码如下*/
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#ifndef BATTERY_H #define BATTERY_H class battery { private: int batterysize; public: battery(int bs0=70):batterysize(bs0){} void get_batterysize(); }; #endif // !BATTERY_H
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#include"battery.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; void battery::get_batterysize() { cout << batterysize << "-KWH"; }
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#ifndef CAR_H #define CAR_H #include<string> using namespace std; class car { private: string maker; string model; int year; double odometer; double sum_meters = 100000.0; public: car(string maker0, string model0, int year0, double odometer0 = 0.0) :maker(maker0), model(model0), year(year0), odometer(odometer0) {} car(){} friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, const car &c);//重载<<运算符。 void update_odometer(double meters);//更新行车总里程数。 }; #endif // !CAR_H
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#include"car.h" #include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; void car::update_odometer(double meters) { double odometer1 = odometer; odometer1 += meters; if (odometer > odometer1) { cout << "WARNING,更新数据失败" << endl; } else odometer = odometer1; } ostream & operator<<(ostream &out,const car &c) //重载实现 { cout << "汽车制造商:" << c.maker << endl << "汽车型号:" << c.model << endl << "生产年份:" << c.year << endl << "总里程数:" << c.odometer << "km" << endl; return out; }
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#ifndef ELECTRICCAR_H #define ELECTRICCAR_H #include"car.h" #include"battery.h" #include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; class electricCar :private car, private battery { private: battery b;//新增成员 public: electricCar(string maker0, string model0, int year0, double odometer0 = 0.0, battery b0 = 70) :b(b0), car(maker0, model0, year0, odometer0) {} friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, electricCar &e);//<<重载声明 void update_odometer(double meters);//里程数更新 }; #endif // !ELECTRICCAR_H
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#include"electricCar.h" #include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; void electricCar::update_odometer(double meters) { car::update_odometer(meters);//调用派生类的成员函数 } ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, electricCar &e) {//<<重载实现 out << (const car &)e;//调用基类中的友元函数. cout << "剩余能量:"; e.b.get_batterysize(); return out; }
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#include <iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; #include "car.h" #include "electricCar.h" #include <stdlib.h> int main() { // 测试Car类 car oldcar("Audi", "a4", 2016); cout << "--------oldcar's info--------" << endl; oldcar.update_odometer(25000); cout << oldcar << endl; // 测试ElectricCar类 electricCar newcar("Tesla", "model s", 2016); cout << " --------newcar's info-------- "; newcar.update_odometer(2500); cout << newcar << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
2、重载运算符[]为一维动态整形数组类ArrayInt的成员函数,使得通过动态整形数组对象名和下标可以 访问对象中具体元素。
/*代码如下*/
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#ifndef ARRAYINT_H #define ARRAYINT_H class ArrayInt { public: ArrayInt(int n, int value=0); ~ArrayInt(); // 补足:将运算符[]重载为成员函数的声明 int& operator[](int i); void print(); private: int *p; int size; }; #endif // ARRAYINT_H
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#include "arrayint.h" #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using std::cout; using std::endl; ArrayInt::ArrayInt(int n, int value): size(n) { p = new int[size];//动态内存分配 if (p == nullptr) {//关于null、nullptr的使用另附 cout << "fail to mallocate memory" << endl; exit(0); } for(int i=0; i<size; i++) p[i] = value; } ArrayInt::~ArrayInt() { delete[] p; } void ArrayInt::print() { for(int i=0; i<size; i++) cout << p[i] << " "; cout << endl; }// 补足:将运算符[]重载为成员函数的实现 int& ArrayInt::operator[](int i) { return p[i]; }
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#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include "arrayInt.h" #include<stdlib.h> int main() { // 定义动态整型数组对象a,包含2个元素,初始值为0 ArrayInt a(2); a.print(); // 定义动态整型数组对象b,包含3个元素,初始值为6 ArrayInt b(3, 6); b.print(); // 通过对象名和下标方式访问并修改对象元素 b[0] = 2; cout << b[0] << endl; b.print(); system("pause"); return 0; }
?????是我的codeblocks版本太老了吗,好像不支持这个标准
其他的IDE就可以运行
二:实验总结与体会
1.怎样在派生类中引用基类的友元函数卡了,查资料得知。
2.派生类和重载不熟练,常常需要翻书。。
3.关于那个nullptr的问题
https://www.cnblogs.com/yutongqing/p/6508327.html
似乎在这里能找到一些头绪。
----X.Raven