zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Oracle安装部署12C

    ### 1、系统要求:

    Oracle 数据库12c、Oracle 数据库由甲骨文公司出品,此处以部署Oracle 12C为例

    官方网站:https://www.oracle.com/cn

    Oracle 数据库一般用于大型企业,在稳定性、高性能、安全性能等方面优于其它数据库,一般用于政府企业----软件免费(服务收费)

    > 安装centos7操作系统的要求
    >
    > 防火墙配置选项:禁用
    >
    > 默认安装:软件开发
    >
    > 内核版本:3.10.0.54.0.1.el7.x86及以上的版本
    >
    > 物理内存:不少于1G
    >
    > 交换分区:
    >
    > 1.物理内存为1~2G时,设置物理内存的1.5~2倍
    >
    > 2.物理内存为2~16G时,设置与物理内存大小相同
    >
    > 磁盘空间:不少于15G
    >
    > 拥有固定的FQDN名称,安装后不建议再修改

    #### 基础服务器环境准备---->(必须)

    ```bash
    #系统配置
    [root@oracle ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
    [root@oracle ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
    [root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    ......
    SELINUX=disabled
    ......

    #查看物理内存大小
    [root@oracle ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
    MemTotal: 4045920 kB
    [root@oracle ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo |awk -F ":" '{print $2/1000/1000}'
    4.04592
    #查看虚拟内存
    [root@oracle ~]# grep swapTotal /proc/meminfo
    [root@oracle ~]#
    #结果无数据,我们需要去添加一块硬盘,然后划分交换分区-----(划分方法如下)
    ```

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191238277-1458335418.png)


    ### 1、查看是否硬盘是否添加成功

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191315974-1302767729.png)


    ```bash
    #进行服务器重启操作
    [root@oracle ~]# reboot
    等待服务器重启成功之后使用账号密码连接服务器
    [root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l

    Disk identifier: 0x000afc1e

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
    /dev/sda2 2099200 10487807 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
    /dev/sda3 10487808 167772159 78642176 83 Linux
    #/dev/sd2 空闲时间为40G,与前面扩展的硬盘相符合

    ```

    ```bash
    #创建交换分区
    [root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.

    Device does not contain a recognized partition table
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0d4923cb.

    Command (m for help): p

    Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk label type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x0d4923cb

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type:
    p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
    e extended
    Select (default p): p
    Partition number (1-4, default 1):
    First sector (2048-83886079, default 2048):
    Using default value 2048
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-83886079, default 83886079): +4096M
    Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set

    Command (m for help): p

    Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk label type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x0d4923cb

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sdb1 2048 8390655 4194304 83 Linux

    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.


    #创建交换分区
    [root@oracle ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb1
    Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4194300 KiB
    no label, UUID=12e6bbea-be54-473f-89cb-d0c6285c9dde
    [root@oracle ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1
    [root@oracle ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
    SwapTotal: 8388600 kB

    #修改主机名称

    [root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
    [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
    # Created by anaconda
    hostname oracle
    [root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts
    [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/hosts
    ......
    10.8.3.33 oracle
    ```

    ### Oracle 基本配置环境(软件安装与内核配置)

    ```bash
    #安装基本组件
    [root@oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

    #修改内核参数,端口范围,I/O请求
    [root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
    [root@oracle ~]# grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/sysctl.conf
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

    #重新加载内核
    [root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

    ```

    #### Oracle用户环境要求

    ```bash
    #安装软件包
    [root@oracle ~]# cd /opt/
    [root@oracle opt]# wget http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@oracle opt]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
    ```

    #### 用户创建及其环境创建

    ```bash
    #创建组账号oinstal、dba、用户账号Oracle
    #创建oracle基本目录
    #为Oracle用户设置环境变量,并允许使用X终端
    [root@oracle opt]# cd
    [root@oracle ~]# groupadd -g 500 oinstall
    [root@oracle ~]# groupadd -g 501 dba
    [root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
    [root@oracle ~]# echo "maslong.com" |passwd --stdin oracle
    Changing password for user oracle.
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
    [root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
    [root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
    [root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 755 /u01/app/oracle/

    #在/home/oracle/.bash_profile末尾export PATH加入如下变量
    #[root@oracle ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
    umask=022
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA".UTF8
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
    export DISPLAY=:0.0

    #使配置生效
    [root@oracle ~]# source ~oracle/.bash_profile

    ```

    #### 设置重启后或者重启终端需要加载的变量

    ```bash
    #将以下内容加入~oracle/.bashrc下
    [root@oracle ~]# vim ~oracle/.bashrc
    ......
    umask=022
    export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA".UTF8
    export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
    export DISPLAY=:0.0

    #使配置生效
    [root@oracle ~]# source ~oracle/.bashrc
    ```

    #### 进程会话要求

    ```bash
    #增大用户Oracle的进程数、文件数限制(最末尾添加)
    [root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
    ......
    session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
    session required pam_limits.so


    [root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    oracle soft stack 10240
    ```

    #### 配置全局变量进行引用

    ```bash
    #配置全局变量在末尾添加
    [root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/profile
    ......
    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65535
    else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
    fi


    #初始化
    [root@oracle ~]# source /etc/profile


    #注释
    ulimit -p 设置管道缓冲区,k字节
    ulimit -n 最大可打开文件数
    ulimit -u 每个用户最大进程数
    ```

    #### 重启操作

    ```bash
    #使所有配置生效
    [root@oracle ~]# reboot
    ```

    #### Oracle安装

    # 1.下载Oracle12c

    [下载Oracle](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html)12.2.0.1.0版本,选择[Linux x86-64](http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle12c/122010/linuxx64_12201_database.zip)安装包,使用xftp进行传输,如果直接拖到系统上面的话会损坏安装包。

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191420754-111133594.png)


    ```bash
    #注意:使用xftp进行传输,如果直接拖进系统的话会显示包的容量不全
    [root@oracle ~]# mkdir /tmp/oracle
    [root@oracle ~]# cd /tmp/oracle/
    [root@oracle oracle]# ls
    linuxx64_12201_database.zip
    [root@oracle oracle]# unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
    [root@oracle oracle]# ls database/
    install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html

    #安装xhost
    [root@oracle ~]# yum whatprovides "*/xhost"
    [root@oracle ~]# yum -y install xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-2.el6.x86_64
    [root@oracle ~]# export DISPLAY=localhost:1
    [root@oracle ~]# xhost +
    access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

    ```

    #### 注意:Oracle安装必须借助图形化界面来解决

    ##### centos图形化界面安装

    ```bash
    #centos图形化界面安装
    1.在命令行下输入下面的命令来安装 Gnome 包
    [root@oracle ~]# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools" -y
    ......等待半小时......
    [root@oracle ~]# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

    2.更新系统的运行级别
    如果你想在系统下次启动的时候自动进入图形界面,那么我们需要更改系统的运行级别,输入下面的命令来启用图形界面。
    复制: ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

    [root@oracle ~]# ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
    3.重启系统
    [root@oracle ~]# reboot
    Connection closing...Socket close.

    #再次打开终端输入密码,图形界面安装成功
    ```

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191449620-1561594103.png)


    ```bash
    #在终端输入之前创建的Oracle的密码,输入如下命令
    cd /tmp/oracle/database/
    export DISPLAY=:0.0
    xdpyinfo
    ./runInstaller


    [oracle@oracle ~]# su oracle
    [oracle@oracle root]$ cd /tmp/oracle/database/
    [oracle@oracle database]$ export DISPLAY=:0.0
    [oracle@oracle database]$ xdpyinfo
    [oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller
    正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...

    检查临时空间: 必须大于 500 MB。 实际为 65637 MB 通过
    检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。 实际为 4095 MB 通过
    检查监视器: 监视器配置至少必须显示 256 种颜色。 实际为 16777216 通过
    准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2020-04-16_02-57-59PM. 请稍候...

    #稍等片刻跳出Oracle图形化界面
    ```

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191519513-1000839965.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191546345-1429327356.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191625283-543572800.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191642018-1356405661.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191700933-690691732.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191723048-1464997613.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191743378-1211945040.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191800903-474175479.png)


    #### 注意:如果上述无法点击下一步与确定则登入root用户控制端键入如下命令

    ```bash
    [root@oracle ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1
    ```

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191821164-703424644.png)


    ### 等待安装----20分钟左右-->出现其它界面点击确定或者下一步

    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191845615-1132726106.png)


    ![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1790675/202004/1790675-20200416191903013-982926932.png)


    #### 如需网页打开下载插件

    ```bash
    [root@oracle ~]# cd /tmp/oracle/
    [root@oracle oracle]# wget http://www0.crashrecovery.org/opera/RPMS/mdv2011/flash-player-ppapi-29.0.0.113-release.x86_64.rpm
    [root@oracle oracle]# ls
    database flash-player-ppapi-29.0.0.113-release.x86_64.rpm linuxx64_12201_database.zip
    [root@oracle oracle]# rpm -ivh flash-player-ppapi-29.0.0.113-release.x86_64.rpm
    ```

    #### 测试连接

    ```bash
    #1.通过sqlplus 连接
    [root@oracle oracle]# su oracle
    [oracle@oracle oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

    SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 4月 16 18:50:08 2020

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.


    连接到:
    Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

    SQL>


    #2.通过sqlplus 连接
    [oracle@oracle oracle]$ sqlplus system/Oracle12c

    SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 4月 16 18:52:15 2020

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

    上次成功登录时间: 星期四 4月 16 2020 18:44:40 +08:00

    连接到:
    Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

    SQL>
    ```

  • 相关阅读:
    关于unbox.any castclass ldobj
    SQL 语句 之 增删改查 (一)
    .NET(C#):使用SmtpClient发送带有图片和附件的电子邮件
    Ext.Net 1.2.0_演示 Ext.Net+QRCode 封装条形码控件
    局域网共享打印机(不需要密码)
    Windows 2003单用户单会话登录远程桌面
    不过如此
    CellMerge
    Windows Server 2008服务器支持iso文件下载的方法
    SQL2008 Express 无法打开备份设备 '‘xxxxx'。出现操作系统错误 5(拒绝访问。)。BACKUP DATABASE 正在异常终止。
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lailaoban/p/12883496.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看