netcore3.0 IServiceCollection 依赖注入系统（二）

上一文中我们主要介绍了依赖注入的几个接口和重要类ServiceDescriptor，该类是服务的描述，所有的服务都保存在IServiceCollection接口中，也就是我们的服务注册就是在该接口中

下面介绍下IServiceCollection接口的实现类ServiceCollection

/// <summary>
    /// Default implementation of <see cref="IServiceCollection"/>.
    /// </summary>
    public class ServiceCollection : IServiceCollection
    {
        private readonly List<ServiceDescriptor> _descriptors = new List<ServiceDescriptor>();

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public int Count => _descriptors.Count;

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public bool IsReadOnly => false;

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public ServiceDescriptor this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                return _descriptors[index];
            }
            set
            {
                _descriptors[index] = value;
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void Clear()
        {
            _descriptors.Clear();
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public bool Contains(ServiceDescriptor item)
        {
            return _descriptors.Contains(item);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void CopyTo(ServiceDescriptor[] array, int arrayIndex)
        {
            _descriptors.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public bool Remove(ServiceDescriptor item)
        {
            return _descriptors.Remove(item);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public IEnumerator<ServiceDescriptor> GetEnumerator()
        {
            return _descriptors.GetEnumerator();
        }

        void ICollection<ServiceDescriptor>.Add(ServiceDescriptor item)
        {
            _descriptors.Add(item);
        }

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public int IndexOf(ServiceDescriptor item)
        {
            return _descriptors.IndexOf(item);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void Insert(int index, ServiceDescriptor item)
        {
            _descriptors.Insert(index, item);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void RemoveAt(int index)
        {
            _descriptors.RemoveAt(index);
        }
    }

该类内部有List<ServiceDescriptor>类型的字段_descriptors，用来保存我们注入的服务信息

我们已经把服务注入好了，那怎么从服务容器里面获取对应的服务实现呢，下面详细介绍：

//
    // 摘要:
    //     Defines a mechanism for retrieving a service object; that is, an object that
    //     provides custom support to other objects.
    public interface IServiceProvider
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Gets the service object of the specified type.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   serviceType:
        //     An object that specifies the type of service object to get.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     A service object of type serviceType. -or- null if there is no service object
        //     of type serviceType.
        object GetService(Type serviceType);
    }

这里有个重要的接口IServiceProvider，我们的服务解析就是从该接口中获取的

netcore的服务解析类为：ServiceProvider，

看下详细代码：

/// <summary>
    /// The default IServiceProvider.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class ServiceProvider : IServiceProvider, IDisposable, IServiceProviderEngineCallback, IAsyncDisposable
    {
        private readonly IServiceProviderEngine _engine;

        private readonly CallSiteValidator _callSiteValidator;

        internal ServiceProvider(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, ServiceProviderOptions options)
        {
            IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback = null;
            if (options.ValidateScopes)
            {
                callback = this;
                _callSiteValidator = new CallSiteValidator();
            }

            switch (options.Mode)
            {
                case ServiceProviderMode.Default:
#if !NETCOREAPP
                    _engine = new DynamicServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
#else
                    if (RuntimeFeature.IsSupported("IsDynamicCodeCompiled"))
                    {
                        _engine = new DynamicServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Don't try to compile Expressions/IL if they are going to get interpreted
                        _engine = new RuntimeServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    }
#endif
                    break;
                case ServiceProviderMode.Dynamic:
                    _engine = new DynamicServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
                case ServiceProviderMode.Runtime:
                    _engine = new RuntimeServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
#if IL_EMIT
                case ServiceProviderMode.ILEmit:
                    _engine = new ILEmitServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
#endif
                case ServiceProviderMode.Expressions:
                    _engine = new ExpressionsServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException(nameof(options.Mode));
            }

            if (options.ValidateOnBuild)
            {
                List<Exception> exceptions = null;
                foreach (var serviceDescriptor in serviceDescriptors)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        _engine.ValidateService(serviceDescriptor);
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        exceptions = exceptions ?? new List<Exception>();
                        exceptions.Add(e);
                    }
                }

                if (exceptions != null)
                {
                    throw new AggregateException("Some services are not able to be constructed", exceptions.ToArray());
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the service object of the specified type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceType">The type of the service to get.</param>
        /// <returns>The service that was produced.</returns>
        public object GetService(Type serviceType) => _engine.GetService(serviceType);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void Dispose()
        {
            _engine.Dispose();
        }

        void IServiceProviderEngineCallback.OnCreate(ServiceCallSite callSite)
        {
            _callSiteValidator.ValidateCallSite(callSite);
        }

        void IServiceProviderEngineCallback.OnResolve(Type serviceType, IServiceScope scope)
        {
            _callSiteValidator.ValidateResolution(serviceType, scope, _engine.RootScope);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public ValueTask DisposeAsync()
        {
            return _engine.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }

ServiceProvider构造函数接收两个参数IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, ServiceProviderOptions options，

第一个参数是我们注册的所有服务，第二个参数是一些配置项

/// <summary>
    /// Options for configuring various behaviors of the default <see cref="IServiceProvider"/> implementation.
    /// </summary>
    public class ServiceProviderOptions
    {
        // Avoid allocating objects in the default case
        internal static readonly ServiceProviderOptions Default = new ServiceProviderOptions();

        /// <summary>
        /// <c>true</c> to perform check verifying that scoped services never gets resolved from root provider; otherwise <c>false</c>. Defaults to <c>false</c>.
        /// </summary>
        public bool ValidateScopes { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// <c>true</c> to perform check verifying that all services can be created during <code>BuildServiceProvider</code> call; otherwise <c>false</c>. Defaults to <c>false</c>.
        /// NOTE: this check doesn't verify open generics services.
        /// </summary>
        public bool ValidateOnBuild { get; set; }

        internal ServiceProviderMode Mode { get; set; } = ServiceProviderMode.Default;
    }

先看下构造函数的第一段代码

if (options.ValidateScopes)
{
    callback = this;
    _callSiteValidator = new CallSiteValidator();
}

CallSiteValidator用来做一些验证操作

IServiceProviderEngine接口：

 

ServiceProviderEngine抽象类：

internal abstract class ServiceProviderEngine : IServiceProviderEngine, IServiceScopeFactory
    {
        private readonly IServiceProviderEngineCallback _callback;

        private readonly Func<Type, Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object>> _createServiceAccessor;

        private bool _disposed;

        protected ServiceProviderEngine(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback)
        {
            _createServiceAccessor = CreateServiceAccessor;
            _callback = callback;
            Root = new ServiceProviderEngineScope(this);
            RuntimeResolver = new CallSiteRuntimeResolver();
            CallSiteFactory = new CallSiteFactory(serviceDescriptors);
            CallSiteFactory.Add(typeof(IServiceProvider), new ServiceProviderCallSite());
            CallSiteFactory.Add(typeof(IServiceScopeFactory), new ServiceScopeFactoryCallSite());
            RealizedServices = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object>>();
        }

        internal ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object>> RealizedServices { get; }

        internal CallSiteFactory CallSiteFactory { get; }

        protected CallSiteRuntimeResolver RuntimeResolver { get; }

        public ServiceProviderEngineScope Root { get; }

        public IServiceScope RootScope => Root;

        public void ValidateService(ServiceDescriptor descriptor)
        {
            if (descriptor.ServiceType.IsGenericType && !descriptor.ServiceType.IsConstructedGenericType)
            {
                return;
            }

            try
            {
                var callSite = CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(descriptor, new CallSiteChain());
                if (callSite != null)
                {
                    _callback?.OnCreate(callSite);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Error while validating the service descriptor '{descriptor}': {e.Message}", e);
            }
        }

        public object GetService(Type serviceType) => GetService(serviceType, Root);

        protected abstract Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite);

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _disposed = true;
            Root.Dispose();
        }

        public ValueTask DisposeAsync()
        {
            _disposed = true;
            return Root.DisposeAsync();
        }

        internal object GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
        {
            if (_disposed)
            {
                ThrowHelper.ThrowObjectDisposedException();
            }

            var realizedService = RealizedServices.GetOrAdd(serviceType, _createServiceAccessor);
            _callback?.OnResolve(serviceType, serviceProviderEngineScope);
            DependencyInjectionEventSource.Log.ServiceResolved(serviceType);
            return realizedService.Invoke(serviceProviderEngineScope);
        }

        public IServiceScope CreateScope()
        {
            if (_disposed)
            {
                ThrowHelper.ThrowObjectDisposedException();
            }

            return new ServiceProviderEngineScope(this);
        }

        private Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
        {
            var callSite = CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(serviceType, new CallSiteChain());
            if (callSite != null)
            {
                DependencyInjectionEventSource.Log.CallSiteBuilt(serviceType, callSite);
                _callback?.OnCreate(callSite);
                return RealizeService(callSite);
            }

            return _ => null;
        }
    }

ServiceProviderEngine抽象类用于解析服务对应的实现

private readonly Func<Type, Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object>> _createServiceAccessor;

该委托解析出对应的服务实现

private Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
        {
            var callSite = CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(serviceType, new CallSiteChain());
            if (callSite != null)
            {
                DependencyInjectionEventSource.Log.CallSiteBuilt(serviceType, callSite);
                _callback?.OnCreate(callSite);
                return RealizeService(callSite);
            }

            return _ => null;
        }
protected abstract Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite);

里面的抽象方法RealizeService正是解析出服务的实现，具体的实现都各自的实现类中查看

 ServiceCallSite抽象类：用于服务的创建

 CallSiteFactory对注入的服务IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> descriptors进行处理，根据服务的类型获取对应的ServiceCallSite

ServiceCallSite可以理解为以哪种方式解析该服务

如果ServiceDescriptor的ImplementationInstance不为null，则返回ConstantCallSite

如果ServiceDescriptor的ImplementationFactory不为null，则返回FactoryCallSite

如果ServiceDescriptor的ImplementationType不为null，则返回ConstructorCallSite

再回到ServiceProviderEngine抽象类中

ServiceProviderEngine类中有CallSiteRuntimeResolver类型的RuntimeResolver属性

internal abstract class CallSiteVisitor<TArgument, TResult>
    {
        private readonly StackGuard _stackGuard;

        protected CallSiteVisitor()
        {
            _stackGuard = new StackGuard();
        }

        protected virtual TResult VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
        {
            if (!_stackGuard.TryEnterOnCurrentStack())
            {
                return _stackGuard.RunOnEmptyStack((c, a) => VisitCallSite(c, a), callSite, argument);
            }

            switch (callSite.Cache.Location)
            {
                case CallSiteResultCacheLocation.Root:
                    return VisitRootCache(callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteResultCacheLocation.Scope:
                    return VisitScopeCache(callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteResultCacheLocation.Dispose:
                    return VisitDisposeCache(callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteResultCacheLocation.None:
                    return VisitNoCache(callSite, argument);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
            }
        }

        protected virtual TResult VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
        {
            switch (callSite.Kind)
            {
                case CallSiteKind.Factory:
                    return VisitFactory((FactoryCallSite)callSite, argument);
                case  CallSiteKind.IEnumerable:
                    return VisitIEnumerable((IEnumerableCallSite)callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteKind.Constructor:
                    return VisitConstructor((ConstructorCallSite)callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteKind.Constant:
                    return VisitConstant((ConstantCallSite)callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteKind.ServiceProvider:
                    return VisitServiceProvider((ServiceProviderCallSite)callSite, argument);
                case CallSiteKind.ServiceScopeFactory:
                    return VisitServiceScopeFactory((ServiceScopeFactoryCallSite)callSite, argument);
                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException($"Call site type {callSite.GetType()} is not supported");
            }
        }

        protected virtual TResult VisitNoCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
        {
            return VisitCallSiteMain(callSite, argument);
        }

        protected virtual TResult VisitDisposeCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
        {
            return VisitCallSiteMain(callSite, argument);
        }

        protected virtual TResult VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
        {
            return VisitCallSiteMain(callSite, argument);
        }

        protected virtual TResult VisitScopeCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
        {
            return VisitCallSiteMain(callSite, argument);
        }

        protected abstract TResult VisitConstructor(ConstructorCallSite constructorCallSite, TArgument argument);

        protected abstract TResult VisitConstant(ConstantCallSite constantCallSite, TArgument argument);

        protected abstract TResult VisitServiceProvider(ServiceProviderCallSite serviceProviderCallSite, TArgument argument);

        protected abstract TResult VisitServiceScopeFactory(ServiceScopeFactoryCallSite serviceScopeFactoryCallSite, TArgument argument);

        protected abstract TResult VisitIEnumerable(IEnumerableCallSite enumerableCallSite, TArgument argument);

        protected abstract TResult VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, TArgument argument);
    }

该类可以根据对应的ServiceCallSite解析出服务的实现

ServiceProviderEngine类中的默认实现为CallSiteRuntimeResolver

ServiceProviderEngine抽象类的GetService流程为：

internal ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object>> RealizedServices { get; }
private readonly Func<Type, Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object>> _createServiceAccessor;
public object GetService(Type serviceType) => GetService(serviceType, Root);
internal object GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
{
   if (_disposed)
   {
      ThrowHelper.ThrowObjectDisposedException();
   }

   var realizedService = RealizedServices.GetOrAdd(serviceType, _createServiceAccessor);
   _callback?.OnResolve(serviceType, serviceProviderEngineScope);
   DependencyInjectionEventSource.Log.ServiceResolved(serviceType);
   return realizedService.Invoke(serviceProviderEngineScope);
}
private Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
{
   var callSite = CallSiteFactory.GetCallSite(serviceType, new CallSiteChain());
   if (callSite != null)
   {
      DependencyInjectionEventSource.Log.CallSiteBuilt(serviceType, callSite);
      _callback?.OnCreate(callSite);
      return RealizeService(callSite);
   }
   return _ => null;
}
protected abstract Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite);

我们再来看下ServiceProviderEngine抽象类的各个具体实现

 1、DynamicServiceProviderEngine 

　　

internal abstract class CompiledServiceProviderEngine : ServiceProviderEngine
    {
#if IL_EMIT
        public ILEmitResolverBuilder ResolverBuilder { get; }
#else
        public ExpressionResolverBuilder ResolverBuilder { get; }
#endif

        public CompiledServiceProviderEngine(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback) : base(serviceDescriptors, callback)
        {
#if IL_EMIT
            ResolverBuilder = new ILEmitResolverBuilder(RuntimeResolver, this, Root);
#else
            ResolverBuilder = new ExpressionResolverBuilder(RuntimeResolver, this, Root);
#endif
        }

        protected override Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite)
        {
            var realizedService = ResolverBuilder.Build(callSite);
            RealizedServices[callSite.ServiceType] = realizedService;
            return realizedService;
        }
    }

internal class DynamicServiceProviderEngine : CompiledServiceProviderEngine
    {
        public DynamicServiceProviderEngine(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback) : base(serviceDescriptors, callback)
        {
        }

        protected override Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite)
        {
            var callCount = 0;
            return scope =>
            {
                if (Interlocked.Increment(ref callCount) == 2)
                {
                    Task.Run(() => base.RealizeService(callSite));
                }
                return RuntimeResolver.Resolve(callSite, scope);
            };
        }
    }

DynamicServiceProviderEngine中

如果Interlocked.Increment(ref callCount) == 2为false，则调用ServiceProviderEngine类中RuntimeResolver属性的Resolve方法来解析服务

如果为true，则调用CompiledServiceProviderEngine中的RealizeService方法解析服务

这里涉及到ILEmitResolverBuilder和ExpressionResolverBuilder两个类

要深入了解里面怎么解析出服务的，自己研究下代码吧。

2、 ExpressionsServiceProviderEngine

　　

internal class ExpressionsServiceProviderEngine : ServiceProviderEngine
    {
        private readonly ExpressionResolverBuilder _expressionResolverBuilder;
        public ExpressionsServiceProviderEngine(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback) : base(serviceDescriptors, callback)
        {
            _expressionResolverBuilder = new ExpressionResolverBuilder(RuntimeResolver, this, Root);
        }

        protected override Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite)
        {
            var realizedService = _expressionResolverBuilder.Build(callSite);
            RealizedServices[callSite.ServiceType] = realizedService;
            return realizedService;
        }
    }

3、 ILEmitServiceProviderEngine

　　

internal class ILEmitServiceProviderEngine : ServiceProviderEngine
    {
        private readonly ILEmitResolverBuilder _expressionResolverBuilder;
        public ILEmitServiceProviderEngine(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback) : base(serviceDescriptors, callback)
        {
            _expressionResolverBuilder = new ILEmitResolverBuilder(RuntimeResolver, this, Root);
        }

        protected override Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite)
        {
            var realizedService = _expressionResolverBuilder.Build(callSite);
            RealizedServices[callSite.ServiceType] = realizedService;
            return realizedService;
        }
    }

4、 RuntimeServiceProviderEngine

internal class RuntimeServiceProviderEngine : ServiceProviderEngine
    {
        public RuntimeServiceProviderEngine(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback) : base(serviceDescriptors, callback)
        {
        }

        protected override Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> RealizeService(ServiceCallSite callSite)
        {
            return scope =>
            {
                Func<ServiceProviderEngineScope, object> realizedService = p => RuntimeResolver.Resolve(callSite, p);

                RealizedServices[callSite.ServiceType] = realizedService;
                return realizedService(scope);
            };
        }
    }

我们重新回到ServiceProvider类中来

internal ServiceProvider(IEnumerable<ServiceDescriptor> serviceDescriptors, ServiceProviderOptions options)
        {
            IServiceProviderEngineCallback callback = null;
            if (options.ValidateScopes)
            {
                callback = this;
                _callSiteValidator = new CallSiteValidator();
            }

            switch (options.Mode)
            {
                case ServiceProviderMode.Default:
#if !NETCOREAPP
                    _engine = new DynamicServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
#else
                    if (RuntimeFeature.IsSupported("IsDynamicCodeCompiled"))
                    {
                        _engine = new DynamicServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Don't try to compile Expressions/IL if they are going to get interpreted
                        _engine = new RuntimeServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    }
#endif
                    break;
                case ServiceProviderMode.Dynamic:
                    _engine = new DynamicServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
                case ServiceProviderMode.Runtime:
                    _engine = new RuntimeServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
#if IL_EMIT
                case ServiceProviderMode.ILEmit:
                    _engine = new ILEmitServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
#endif
                case ServiceProviderMode.Expressions:
                    _engine = new ExpressionsServiceProviderEngine(serviceDescriptors, callback);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException(nameof(options.Mode));
            }

            if (options.ValidateOnBuild)
            {
                List<Exception> exceptions = null;
                foreach (var serviceDescriptor in serviceDescriptors)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        _engine.ValidateService(serviceDescriptor);
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        exceptions = exceptions ?? new List<Exception>();
                        exceptions.Add(e);
                    }
                }

                if (exceptions != null)
                {
                    throw new AggregateException("Some services are not able to be constructed", exceptions.ToArray());
                }
            }
        }

从构造函数我们看出，根据参数ServiceProviderOptions的Mode属性，来获取对应的IServiceProviderEngine接口实现

ServiceProvider类的GetService方法就是调用不同IServiceProviderEngine的GetService方法获取服务的。