iOS 适配问题

直接举例说明白：

一、代码直接写大小（转屏不适用，但最简单）

如图1：我们需要布局红、绿、蓝三个view位置如图所示，他们距离父视图边距以及相互之间的距离都为30px，红色view和绿色view宽度相等，并且三个view的高度相等。并且在横屏时，他们的位置还是一样保持不变。如图：

如果，你做应用的时候不要求转屏，OK,那就很easy了，直接代码让大家感受一下：

 UIView *view_1 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, 30, SCREEN_WIDTH/2-45, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-45)];
    view_1.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_1];
    UIView *view_2 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(SCREEN_WIDTH/2+15, 30, SCREEN_WIDTH/2-45, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-45)];
    view_2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_2];
    UIView *view_3 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2+15, SCREEN_WIDTH -60, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-45)];
    view_3.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_3];

but,当你要求转屏的时候，界面就尴尬了，显示一半，下面的显示不出来，右边的为空，截图感受一下：

所以，在不要求做转屏的时候，这种方法是可行的，并且是首选，但是在要求转屏的时候就不行了；

二、XIB适配（必须条理清晰，不需要写代码）

那我们现在来感受一下XIb,转屏也是正常的情况：

(1)首先，先拖拽三个UIview视图，如图。注意：这里我们只是暂时大致摆了一下位置，还没有添加约束。

对红View进行添加适配，上面和左边各30的距离(记得去掉Constrain to margins，不然会比预期的30px多出16Px)

然后对绿view进行适配，上左右个30的距离，一样去掉小勾，原因和上面一样。

3.接着为了让红View和绿View在同一水平并且大小相等。我们进行如下的约束：先选中两个View;

 4,对蓝View进行适配，首先让它距离上下左右各30,如图；

5。最后就是让红View和蓝View的高度相等，选中这两个View,OK,看图：

最后，updata Frames,去除一下警告就O啦！（运行效果和要求一样，笔者亲测哦！）是不是很简单，动手试试吧！

三.VFL约束（手码代码，理解更深刻哦）

话不多说，直接上代码

 UIView *view_1 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view_1.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_1];
    UIView *view_2 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view_2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_2];
    UIView *view_3 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view_3.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_3];
  
    //2.然后，记得要把AutoresizingMask布局关掉
    view_1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    view_2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    view_3.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    
    //3.接着，添加约束
    
    // 间距
    NSNumber *margin = @(30);
    NSNumber *spacing = @(30);
    NSDictionary *views = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(view_1,view_2,view_3);
    
    // 添加水平方向的约束1
    NSString *vfl = @"H:|-margin-[view_1]-spacing-[view_2(==view_1)]-margin-|";
    NSDictionary *mertrics = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(margin,spacing);
    NSArray *constraints = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:vfl options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllTop | NSLayoutFormatAlignAllBottom metrics:mertrics views:views];
    [self.view addConstraints:constraints];
    
    // 添加水平方向的约束2
    NSString *vfl1 = @"H:|-margin-[view_3]-margin-|";
    NSDictionary *mertrics1 = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(margin,spacing);
    
    NSArray *constraints1 = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:vfl1 options:kNilOptions metrics:mertrics1 views:views];
    [self.view addConstraints:constraints1];
    
    // 添加竖直方向的约束
    NSString *vfl2 = @"V:|-margin-[view_1]-spacing-[view_3(==view_1)]-margin-|";
    NSDictionary *mertrics2 = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(margin, spacing);
    NSArray *constraints2 = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:vfl2 options:kNilOptions metrics:mertrics2 views:views];
    [self.view addConstraints:constraints2];

 四、AutoLayout（系统手码,好吧，我承认自己被这方法快恶心吐了）

    UIView *view_1 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view_1.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_1];
    UIView *view_2 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view_2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_2];
    UIView *view_3 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view_3.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [self.view addSubview:view_3];
  
    //2.然后，记得要把AutoresizingMask布局关掉
    view_1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    view_2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    view_3.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    
    //3.接着，添加约束，先添加边距约束，再添加宽高约束（个人习惯）
   
    //添加约束 公式：item1.attribute = multiplier ⨉ item2.attribute + constant
   
    
    //1view_1(红色)top 距离self.view的top
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1TopToSuperViewTop = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_1
                                                                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                                                               relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                  toItem:self.view
                                                                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                                                              multiplier:1
                                                                                constant:30];
    //2view_1(红色)left 距离self.view的left
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1LeftToSuperViewLeft = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_1
                                                                                 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                                                 relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                    toItem:self.view
                                                                                 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                                                multiplier:1
                                                                                  constant:30];
    //3view_1(红色)right 距离view_2(绿色)的left
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1RightToview_2Left = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_2
                                                                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                                               relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                  toItem:view_1
                                                                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                                              multiplier:1
                                                                                constant:30];
    //4view_1(红色)bottom 距离view_3(蓝色)的top
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1BottomToview_3Top = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_1
                                                                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
                                                                               relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                  toItem:view_3
                                                                               attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                                                              multiplier:1
                                                                                constant:- 30];
    
    //5view_2(绿色)right 距离self.view的right
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_2RightToSuperViewRight = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_2
                                                                                   attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                                                   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                      toItem:self.view
                                                                                   attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                                                  multiplier:1
                                                                                    constant:- 30];
    
//    NSLayoutConstraint *view_2topTosuperviewTop = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop multiplier:1 constant:30];
    
    //6view_2(绿色)centerY 和 view_1(红色)的centerY 一致
  
 NSLayoutConstraint *view_2CenterYToView_1CenterY = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_2
                                                                                    attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
                                                                                    relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                       toItem:view_1
                                                                                    attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
                                                                                   multiplier:1
                                                                                     constant:0];
    
    //7view_3(蓝色)left 距离 self.view left
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_3LeftToSuperViewLeft = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_3
                                                                                 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                                                 relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                    toItem:self.view
                                                                                 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                                                multiplier:1
                                                                                  constant:30];
    
    //8view_3(蓝色)right 距离 self.view right
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_3RightToSuperViewRight = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_3
                                                                                   attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                                                   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                      toItem:self.view
                                                                                   attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                                                  multiplier:1
                                                                                    constant:- 30];
    
    //9view_3(蓝色)Bottom 距离 self.view bottom
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_3BottomToSuperViewBottom = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_3
                                                                                     attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
                                                                                     relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                        toItem:self.view
                                                                                     attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
                                                                                    multiplier:1
                                                                                      constant:- 30];
    
    //10view_1(红色)width 和view_2(绿色)的width相等
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1WidthToview_2Width = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_2
                                                                                attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
                                                                                relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                   toItem:view_1
                                                                                attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
                                                                               multiplier:1
                                                                                 constant:0];
    
    //view_1(红色)height 和view_2(绿色)的height相等
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1HeightToview_2Height = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_2
                                                                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                                                  relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                     toItem:view_1
                                                                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                                                 multiplier:1
                                                                                   constant:0];
    
    //view_1(红色)height 和 view_3(蓝色)的height相等
    NSLayoutConstraint *view_1HeightToview_3Height = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view_3
                                                                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                                                  relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                                     toItem:view_1
                                                                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                                                 multiplier:1
                                                                                   constant:0];
    
    //添加约束，因为view_1、2、3是同层次关系，且他们公有的父视图都是self.view，所以这里把约束都添加到self.view上即可
    [self.view addConstraints:@[view_1TopToSuperViewTop,view_1LeftToSuperViewLeft,view_1RightToview_2Left,view_2RightToSuperViewRight,view_1WidthToview_2Width,view_2CenterYToView_1CenterY,view_1BottomToview_3Top,view_3LeftToSuperViewLeft,view_3RightToSuperViewRight,view_3BottomToSuperViewBottom,view_1HeightToview_2Height,view_1HeightToview_3Height]];
    
    [self.view layoutIfNeeded];

 至此，我理解的iOS适配已经完结，抓紧联系吧！