通过container commit成image
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker container commit #可以简写成docker commit "docker container commit" requires at least 1 and at most 2 arguments. See 'docker container commit --help'. Usage: docker container commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] Create a new image from a container's changes [root@localhost docker_test]# docker image build #可以简写成docker build "docker image build" requires exactly 1 argument. See 'docker image build --help'. Usage: docker image build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | - Build an image from a Dockerfile
以centos image为例，centos base image 默认没安装vim，进入交互式，yum install vim
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE bigni/test1 latest f5620b92331c 2 hours ago 861kB ubuntu 14.04 2c5e00d77a67 7 weeks ago 188MB centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 6 months ago 1.84kB [root@localhost docker_test]# docker run centos [root@localhost docker_test]# docker run centos -it docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:345: starting container process caused "exec: "-it": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown. ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled [root@localhost docker_test]# docker run -it centos [root@dba873e57276 /]# ls anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@dba873e57276 /]# vim bash: vim: command not found [root@dba873e57276 /]# yum install -y vim
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker container ls -a #查看所有container CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES dba873e57276 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 seconds ago infallible_rubin 36c7c2011bdb centos "-it" 8 minutes ago Created wonderful_haslett 2401371f2c7a centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago vibrant_dijkstra [root@localhost docker_test]# docker commit "docker commit" requires at least 1 and at most 2 arguments. See 'docker commit --help'. Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] #docker commit 使用方法 Create a new image from a container's changes [root@localhost docker_test]# docker commit infallible_rubin bigni/centos_vim #把names：infallible_rubin 的container commit 成image：bigni/centos_vim sha256:afe852c481e754b88b28a663f6e98e0a52816e253c64af4b2b823f8bb8702961 [root@localhost docker_test]# docker image ls -a #查看新增image，比centos image大了好多，安装vim 需要的依赖包不少。 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE bigni/centos_vim latest afe852c481e7 10 seconds ago 362MB <none> <none> 3ec8199c2855 3 hours ago 861kB bigni/test1 latest f5620b92331c 3 hours ago 861kB ubuntu 14.04 2c5e00d77a67 7 weeks ago 188MB centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 6 months ago 1.84kB [root@localhost docker_test]# docker run -it bigni/centos_vim #交互式运行 bigni/centos_vim bigni/centos_vim:latest [root@localhost docker_test]# docker run -it bigni/centos_vim #交互式运行，测试能不能使用vim [root@3afa6597d516 /]# vim test [root@3afa6597d516 /]# cat test docker so easy [root@3afa6597d516 /]# exit #退出 exit [root@localhost docker_test]# docker container ls -a #可以看到新增一个container CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3afa6597d516 bigni/centos_vim "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 12 seconds ago cranky_zhukovsky dba873e57276 centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago infallible_rubin 36c7c2011bdb centos "-it" 12 minutes ago Created wonderful_haslett 2401371f2c7a centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago vibrant_dijkstra [root@localhost docker_test]#
查看原始的centos image 和新增的image
[root@localhost docker_test]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE bigni/centos_vim latest afe852c481e7 7 minutes ago 362MB bigni/test1 latest f5620b92331c 3 hours ago 861kB ubuntu 14.04 2c5e00d77a67 7 weeks ago 188MB centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 6 months ago 1.84kB [root@localhost docker_test]# docker history 9f38484d220f IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 9f38484d220f 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:074f2c974463ab38c… 202MB [root@localhost docker_test]# docker history afe852c481e7 IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT afe852c481e7 7 minutes ago /bin/bash 160MB #可以看到，比原始的image多了一层 layer 9f38484d220f 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:074f2c974463ab38c… 202MB [root@localhost docker_test]#
上面就是通过docker commit 在base image至少build自己的image，这种方式不值得提倡，因为当把这个image发布出去后，别人并不知该image安装了什么，
而且也有可能是不安全的image。
另一种方式是通过Dockerfile来build一个image。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir docker_vim [root@localhost ~]# vim docker_vim/Dockerfile [root@localhost ~]# cat docker_vim/Dockerfile FROM centos RUN yum install -y vim [root@localhost ~]# docker build -t bigni/centos_vim ./docker_vim/ #通过dockerfile build 新的image Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB Step 1/2 : FROM centos #from centos ---> 9f38484d220f #直接引用centos image这一层，而不会新创建一层 Step 2/2 : RUN yum install -y vim #运行Dockerfile里配置的命令 ---> Running in 551ad2fd3374 #创建临时container Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 中间省略---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 updates 1.0 M Installing for dependencies: 中间省略which x86_64 2.20-7.el7 base 41 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+32 Dependent packages) Total download size: 19 M Installed size: 63 M Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Public key for gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed Public key for perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch.rpm is not installed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 181 kB/s | 19 MB 01:49 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64 1/33 中间省略 Complete! Removing intermediate container 551ad2fd3374 ---> f853f2a3f901 Successfully built f853f2a3f901 #创建完成
查看创建的image
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE bigni/centos_vim latest f853f2a3f901 15 minutes ago 362MB bigni/test1 latest f5620b92331c 24 hours ago 861kB ubuntu 14.04 2c5e00d77a67 7 weeks ago 188MB centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202MB