mysql8学习笔记1-常规安装

mysql官网介绍

主页https://www.oracle.com/mysql/index.html

下载主页面https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

社区资源下载页面https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

MySQL社区版下载页面https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

MySQL相关产品：

商业付费软件有：Oracle MySQL Cloud Service (commercial)、MySQL Enterprise Edition(commercial)、 MySQL Cluster CGE(commercial)

免费社区软件：MySQL Community Edition、MySQL Community Server（最流行）

 

MySQL安装-准备（1）

一、检查操作系统和MySQL版本的适配度。

同一个操作系统，不同版本对MySQL版本适配度不一样。

二、选择安装的MySQL版本

1、首先判断是否要和公司其他已经安装好的MySQL保持版本一致

2、如果没有上述要求，则一般会安装最新版本（目前是5.7）

3、如果不是实验新功能性质，则不要选择development release，而要安装

注：General Availability (GA) release（代表稳定版本，可在生产系统使用）

三、选择安装MySQL的方式

1、二进制安装包的方式（RPM,ZIP,Tar等）

2、源码方式（source code）

注：一般会选择二进制安装方式

如果有特殊需求，比如修改一部分源码或修改MySQL深层次的配置，则会选择源码

 

MySQL Linux安装

1、下载正确的tar包

2、上传tar包到服务器并解压tar包到/usr/local/目录

[root@localhost mysql_package]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost mysql_package]# ls
mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost mysql_package]# mv mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost mysql_package]# cp -rf  mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql_package]# rm -rf mysql
[root@localhost local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@localhost local]# ll mysql/
total 448
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Jun 26 12:59 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     86 Jun 26 12:59 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root    266 Jun 26 12:59 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root   4096 Jun 26 12:59 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 335809 Jun 26 12:59 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 101807 Jun 26 12:59 LICENSE.router
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root     30 Jun 26 12:59 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    687 Jun 26 12:59 README
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    700 Jun 26 12:59 README.router
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root   4096 Jun 26 12:59 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     90 Jun 26 12:59 support-files
[root@localhost local]# 

解压后目录有2G

[root@localhost local]# du -h --max-depth=1
0    ./bin
0    ./etc
0    ./games
0    ./include
0    ./lib
0    ./lib64
0    ./libexec
0    ./sbin
4.0K    ./share
0    ./src
2.0G    ./mysql
2.0G    .

 mysql目录结构

[root@localhost mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
total 448
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Jun 26 12:59 bin #存放可执行文件, mysql自带的客户端, mysql服务端等
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      6 Jun 26 19:46 data #存放数据文件和日志文件
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     86 Jun 26 12:59 docs #存放一些文档
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root    266 Jun 26 12:59 include #存储包含的头文件, 如：mysql.h、mysql_ername.h等
drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root   4096 Jun 26 12:59 lib #用于放置一系列库文件
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 335809 Jun 26 12:59 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 101807 Jun 26 12:59 LICENSE.router
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root     30 Jun 26 12:59 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    687 Jun 26 12:59 README
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    700 Jun 26 12:59 README.router
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root   4096 Jun 26 12:59 share #用于存放字符集、语言等信息
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     90 Jun 26 19:50 support-files #里面比较重要的有个mysql.server脚本，启动时会执行
[root@localhost mysql]# 

3、创建运行MySQL的用户和组（名字可以任意）

Shell> groupadd mysql

Shell> useradd mysql -g mysql

4、切换到mysql目录

Shell > mkdir data

5、修改解压包的权限

Shell> chown –R mysql .

Shell> chgrp –R mysql .

6、安装MySQL

Shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /usr/local/mysql/data ##初始化数据目录

shell> cp -f support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf ##将默认配置文件复制到指定目录

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql & ##启动MySQL服务

shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server ##将MySQL加入到服务自启动

Shell> /etc/init.d/mysql.server start ##通过服务启动

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin  data  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  LICENSE.router  man  README  README.router  share  support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
total 448
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql   4096 Jun 26 12:59 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql      6 Jun 26 19:46 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     86 Jun 26 12:59 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql    266 Jun 26 12:59 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 mysql mysql   4096 Jun 26 12:59 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 335809 Jun 26 12:59 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 101807 Jun 26 12:59 LICENSE.router
drwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql     30 Jun 26 12:59 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql    687 Jun 26 12:59 README
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql    700 Jun 26 12:59 README.router
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql   4096 Jun 26 12:59 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     90 Jun 26 19:50 support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# 

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /usr/local/mysql/data
2020-06-27T07:51:03.490770Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-06-27T07:51:03.512364Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 68531
2020-06-27T07:51:08.300288Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,8kEClgiEhnH
2020-06-27T07:51:10.263352Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed

上面有临时密码，如果初始化的时候忘了保存，可以重新初始化，也就重新执行初始化命令，不过在这之前，需要删除data目录下数据

[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init
init.d/  inittab  
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql #把mysql启动脚本拷贝到init里方便启动
[root@localhost support-files]# cat /etc/my.cnf #看下etc下有没my.cnf启动配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

[root@localhost support-files]# rm /etc/my.cnf #暂时先删除，删掉的作用是说明我们以mysql的所有默认参数启动
rm: remove regular file ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y
[root@localhost support-files]#

[root@localhost support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
.. SUCCESS! #出现success说明启动成功。
[root@localhost support-files]# ps -ef|grep mysql #可以看到有两个进程，一个父进程 一个子进程
root      69385      1  0 01:13 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid
mysql     69470  69385  4 01:13 pts/2    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid
root      69526  11777  0 01:13 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost support-files]# 

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p #启动成功后，发现进入交互界面会提示mysql命令不存在，这是因为bin目录还没加入到环境变量
bash: mysql: command not found...
[root@localhost mysql]# cd bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
ibd2sdi             myisamchk          mysql         mysql_config_editor  mysqldump      mysqlrouter_plugin_info    mysql_tzinfo_to_sql  zlib_decompress
innochecksum        myisam_ftdump      mysqladmin    mysqld               mysqldumpslow  mysql_secure_installation  mysql_upgrade
libcrypto.so.1.0.0  myisamlog          mysqlbinlog   mysqld-debug         mysqlimport    mysqlshow                  perror
libssl.so.1.0.0     myisampack         mysqlcheck    mysqld_multi         mysqlpump      mysqlslap                  resolveip
lz4_decompress      my_print_defaults  mysql_config  mysqld_safe          mysqlrouter    mysql_ssl_rsa_setup        resolve_stack_dump
[root@localhost bin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@localhost bin]# vim ~/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost bin]# source ~/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> show databases;#执行命令会报错，提示重置初始密码
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> set password=password('mysql');#在mysql5.7之前可以用这个命令修改，不过在8.0后不行了
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'password('mysql')' at line 1
mysql> alter user user() identified by 'mysql';#得用这个命令修改
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.13 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)