Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>     </bean> 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>    
    <!-- 配置DAO -->     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>    
    <bean id="userDao" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>    
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget"/> 
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>             </props> 
        </property>      </bean>  </beans>

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>     </bean> 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>    
    <bean id="transactionBase"              class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"              lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property>      </bean>   
       <!-- 配置DAO -->     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>    
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase"> 
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget"/>  
    </bean></beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>     </bean> 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>   
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property>      </bean>      
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
        <property name="beanNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>*Dao</value>            </list> 
        </property> 
        <property name="interceptorNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
            </list> 
        </property>      </bean>   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->     <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean></beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config />     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky"/>
    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>     </bean> 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">         <tx:attributes>             <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>         </tx:attributes>     </tx:advice>    
    <aop:config>         <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>       
    </aop:config>     
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config />     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky"/>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>     </bean> 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>    
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional @Component("userDao") publicclass UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    public List<User> listUsers() {         returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();     }         }