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  • Android View 绘制流程(Draw) 完全解析

    前言

    前几篇文章,笔者分别讲述了DecorView,measure,layout流程等,接下来将详细分析三大工作流程的最后一个流程——绘制流程。测量流程决定了View的大小,布局流程决定了View的位置,那么绘制流程将决定View的样子,一个View该显示什么由绘制流程完成。以下源码均取自Android API 21。

    从performDraw说起

    前面几篇文章提到,三大工作流程始于ViewRootImpl#performTraversals,在这个方法内部会分别调用performMeasure,performLayout,performDraw三个方法来分别完成测量,布局,绘制流程。那么我们现在先从performDraw方法看起,ViewRootImpl#performDraw:

    private void performDraw() {
        //...
        final boolean fullRedrawNeeded = mFullRedrawNeeded;
        try {
            draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
        } finally {
            mIsDrawing = false;
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    
        //省略...
    }

    里面又调用了ViewRootImpl#draw方法,并传递了fullRedrawNeeded参数,而该参数由mFullRedrawNeeded成员变量获取,它的作用是判断是否需要重新绘制全部视图,如果是第一次绘制视图,那么显然应该绘制所以的视图,如果由于某些原因,导致了视图重绘,那么就没有必要绘制所有视图。我们来看看ViewRootImpl#draw

    private void draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
        ...
        //获取mDirty,该值表示需要重绘的区域
        final Rect dirty = mDirty;
        if (mSurfaceHolder != null) {
            // The app owns the surface, we won't draw.
            dirty.setEmpty();
            if (animating) {
                if (mScroller != null) {
                    mScroller.abortAnimation();
                }
                disposeResizeBuffer();
            }
            return;
        }
    
        //如果fullRedrawNeeded为真,则把dirty区域置为整个屏幕,表示整个视图都需要绘制
        //第一次绘制流程,需要绘制所有视图
        if (fullRedrawNeeded) {
            mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = true;
            dirty.set(0, 0, (int) (mWidth * appScale + 0.5f), (int) (mHeight * appScale + 0.5f));
        }
    
        //省略...
    
        if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset, scalingRequired, dirty)) {
                    return;
            }
    }

    这里省略了一部分代码,我们只看关键代码,首先是先获取了mDirty值,该值保存了需要重绘的区域的信息,关于视图重绘,后面会有文章专门叙述,这里先熟悉一下。接着根据fullRedrawNeeded来判断是否需要重置dirty区域,最后调用了ViewRootImpl#drawSoftware方法,并把相关参数传递进去,包括dirty区域,我们接着看该方法的源码:

    private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
                boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty) {
    
        // Draw with software renderer.
        final Canvas canvas;
        try {
            final int left = dirty.left;
            final int top = dirty.top;
            final int right = dirty.right;
            final int bottom = dirty.bottom;
    
            //锁定canvas区域,由dirty区域决定
            canvas = mSurface.lockCanvas(dirty);
    
            // The dirty rectangle can be modified by Surface.lockCanvas()
            //noinspection ConstantConditions
            if (left != dirty.left || top != dirty.top || right != dirty.right
                    || bottom != dirty.bottom) {
                attachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = true;
            }
    
            canvas.setDensity(mDensity);
        } 
    
        try {
    
            if (!canvas.isOpaque() || yoff != 0 || xoff != 0) {
                canvas.drawColor(0, PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR);
            }
    
            dirty.setEmpty();
            mIsAnimating = false;
            attachInfo.mDrawingTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            mView.mPrivateFlags |= View.PFLAG_DRAWN;
    
            try {
                canvas.translate(-xoff, -yoff);
                if (mTranslator != null) {
                    mTranslator.translateCanvas(canvas);
                }
                canvas.setScreenDensity(scalingRequired ? mNoncompatDensity : 0);
                attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState = false;
    
                //正式开始绘制
                mView.draw(canvas);
    
            }
        } 
        return true;
    }

    可以看书,首先是实例化了Canvas对象,然后锁定该canvas的区域,由dirty区域决定,接着对canvas进行一系列的属性赋值,最后调用了mView.draw(canvas)方法,前面分析过,mView就是DecorView,也就是说从DecorView开始绘制,前面所做的一切工作都是准备工作,而现在则是正式开始绘制流程。

    View的绘制

    由于ViewGroup没有重写draw方法,因此所有的View都是调用View#draw方法,因此,我们直接看它的源码:

    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
        final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
                (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
        mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
    
        /*
         * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
         * in the appropriate order:
         *
         *      1. Draw the background
         *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
         *      3. Draw view's content
         *      4. Draw children
         *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
         *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
         */
    
        // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
        int saveCount;
    
        if (!dirtyOpaque) {
            drawBackground(canvas);
        }
    
        // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
        boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
        boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
        if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
            // Step 3, draw the content
            if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
    
            // Step 4, draw the children
            dispatchDraw(canvas);
    
            // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
            if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
                mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
            }
    
            // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
            onDrawForeground(canvas);
    
            // we're done...
            return;
        }
        ...
    }

    可以看到,draw过程比较复杂,但是逻辑十分清晰,而官方注释也清楚地说明了每一步的做法。我们首先来看一开始的标记位dirtyOpaque,该标记位的作用是判断当前View是否是透明的,如果View是透明的,那么根据下面的逻辑可以看出,将不会执行一些步骤,比如绘制背景、绘制内容等。这样很容易理解,因为一个View既然是透明的,那就没必要绘制它了。接着是绘制流程的六个步骤,这里先小结这六个步骤分别是什么,然后再展开来讲。

    绘制流程的六个步骤:
    1、对View的背景进行绘制
    2、保存当前的图层信息(可跳过)
    3、绘制View的内容
    4、对View的子View进行绘制(如果有子View)
    5、绘制View的褪色的边缘,类似于阴影效果(可跳过)
    6、绘制View的装饰(例如:滚动条)
    其中第2步和第5步是可以跳过的,我们这里不做分析,我们重点来分析其它步骤。

    Step 1 :绘制背景

    这里调用了View#drawBackground方法,我们看它的源码:

    private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {
    
        //mBackground是该View的背景参数,比如背景颜色
        final Drawable background = mBackground;
        if (background == null) {
            return;
        }
    
        //根据View四个布局参数来确定背景的边界
        setBackgroundBounds();
    
        ...
    
        //获取当前View的mScrollX和mScrollY值
        final int scrollX = mScrollX;
        final int scrollY = mScrollY;
        if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
            background.draw(canvas);
        } else {
            //如果scrollX和scrollY有值,则对canvas的坐标进行偏移,再绘制背景
            canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
            background.draw(canvas);
            canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
        }
    }

    可以看出,这里考虑到了view的偏移参数,scrollX和scrollY,绘制背景在偏移后的view中绘制。

    Step 3:绘制内容

    这里调用了View#onDraw方法,View中该方法是一个空实现,因为不同的View有着不同的内容,这需要我们自己去实现,即在自定义View中重写该方法来实现。

    Step 4: 绘制子View

    如果当前的View是一个ViewGroup类型,那么就需要绘制它的子View,这里调用了dispatchDraw,而View中该方法是空实现,实际是ViewGroup重写了这个方法,那么我们来看看,ViewGroup#dispatchDraw:

    protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        boolean usingRenderNodeProperties = canvas.isRecordingFor(mRenderNode);
        final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        int flags = mGroupFlags;
    
        for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
            while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
                final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
                if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
                        transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
                    more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
                }
                transientIndex++;
                if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
                    transientIndex = -1;
                }
            }
            int childIndex = customOrder ? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
            final View child = (preorderedList == null)
                    ? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
                more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
            }
        }
        //省略...
    
    }

    源码很长,这里简单说明一下,里面主要遍历了所以子View,每个子View都调用了drawChild这个方法,我们找到这个方法,ViewGroup#drawChild

    protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
         return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
    }

    可以看出,这里调用了View的draw方法,但这个方法并不是上面所说的,因为参数不同,我们来看看这个方法,View#draw

    boolean draw(Canvas canvas, ViewGroup parent, long drawingTime) {
    
        //省略...
    
        if (!drawingWithDrawingCache) {
            if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                ((DisplayListCanvas) canvas).drawRenderNode(renderNode);
            } else {
                // Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                    dispatchDraw(canvas);
                } else {
                    draw(canvas);
                }
            }
        } else if (cache != null) {
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
            if (layerType == LAYER_TYPE_NONE) {
                // no layer paint, use temporary paint to draw bitmap
                Paint cachePaint = parent.mCachePaint;
                if (cachePaint == null) {
                    cachePaint = new Paint();
                    cachePaint.setDither(false);
                    parent.mCachePaint = cachePaint;
                }
                cachePaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * 255));
                canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, cachePaint);
            } else {
                // use layer paint to draw the bitmap, merging the two alphas, but also restore
                int layerPaintAlpha = mLayerPaint.getAlpha();
                mLayerPaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * layerPaintAlpha));
                canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, mLayerPaint);
                mLayerPaint.setAlpha(layerPaintAlpha);
            }
        }
    
    }

    我们主要来看核心部分,首先判断是否已经有缓存,即之前是否已经绘制过一次了,如果没有,则会调用draw(canvas)方法,开始正常的绘制,即上面所说的六个步骤,否则利用缓存来显示。
    这一步也可以归纳为ViewGroup绘制过程,它对子View进行了绘制,而子View又会调用自身的draw方法来绘制自身,这样不断遍历子View及子View的不断对自身的绘制,从而使得View树完成绘制。

    Step 6 绘制装饰

    所谓的绘制装饰,就是指View除了背景、内容、子View的其余部分,例如滚动条等,我们看View#onDrawForeground:

    public void onDrawForeground(Canvas canvas) {
        onDrawScrollIndicators(canvas);
        onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
    
        final Drawable foreground = mForegroundInfo != null ? mForegroundInfo.mDrawable : null;
        if (foreground != null) {
            if (mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged) {
                mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged = false;
                final Rect selfBounds = mForegroundInfo.mSelfBounds;
                final Rect overlayBounds = mForegroundInfo.mOverlayBounds;
    
                if (mForegroundInfo.mInsidePadding) {
                    selfBounds.set(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
                } else {
                    selfBounds.set(getPaddingLeft(), getPaddingTop(),
                            getWidth() - getPaddingRight(), getHeight() - getPaddingBottom());
                }
    
                final int ld = getLayoutDirection();
                Gravity.apply(mForegroundInfo.mGravity, foreground.getIntrinsicWidth(),
                        foreground.getIntrinsicHeight(), selfBounds, overlayBounds, ld);
                foreground.setBounds(overlayBounds);
            }
    
            foreground.draw(canvas);
        }
    }

    可以看出,逻辑很清晰,和一般的绘制流程非常相似,都是先设定绘制区域,然后利用canvas进行绘制,这里就不展开详细地说了,有兴趣的可以继续了解下去。

    那么,到目前为止,View的绘制流程也讲述完毕了,希望这篇文章对你们起到帮助作用,谢谢你们的阅读。

    更多阅读
    Android View 测量流程(Measure)完全解析
    Android View 布局流程(Layout)完全解析

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ldq2016/p/6689463.html
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