codechef : Marbles 题解

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Rohit dreams he is in a shop with an infinite amount of marbles. He is allowed to select n marbles. There are marbles of k different colors. From each color there are also infinitely many marbles. Rohit wants to have at least one marble of each color, but still there are a lot of possibilities for his selection. In his effort to make a decision he wakes up.
Now he asks you how many possibilities for his selection he would have had.
Assume that marbles of equal color can't be distinguished, and the order of the marbles is irrelevant.

Input

The first line of input contains a number T <= 100 that indicates the number of test cases to follow. Each test case consists of one line containing n and k, where n is the number of marbles Rohit selects and k is the number of different colors of the marbles. You can assume that 1<=k<=n<=1000000.

Output

For each test case print the number of possibilities that Rohit would have had.
You can assume that this number fits into a signed 64 bit integer.

Example

Input:
2
10 10
30 7

Output:
1
475020

本题是一题组合数学的题目。应用到比較高级一点的数学知识。

能够觉得是一题indistinguishable objects to distinguishable boxes 把同样的物体放进不同盒子的问题。

这样应用公式是:C(n, n+k-1) = C(k-1, n+k-1)，n代表物体k代表盒子

可是由于须要每一个盒子最少必须放置一个物体。故此减去每一个盒子的这一个球。就得到公式：C(k-1, n+k-1-k)

这样就能够简化为计算一个公式的问题了。

注意： 这里是同样物体放进不同盒子，所以比較简单。注意区分不同物体放进不同盒子中。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <algorithm>
using std::min;

class Marbles
{
	long long C(int n, int k)
	{
		long long ans = 1LL;
		k = min(k, n-k);
		for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++)
		{
			ans *= (n-i+1);
			ans /= i;//这里肯定是能够除尽的，所以不用推断
		}
		return ans;
	}
public:
	Marbles()
	{
		int T, nsel, kcol;
		scanf("%d", &T);
		while (T--)
		{
			scanf("%d %d", &nsel, &kcol);//kcol <= nsel
			if (nsel < kcol)
			{
				puts("0");
				continue;
			}
			int n = nsel + kcol - 1 - kcol;
			int k = kcol - 1;
			printf("%lld
", C(n, k));
		}
	}
};