本人才疏学浅，如有错误欢迎批评！转载请注明出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/lee-yangyaozi/p/11226145.html
SpringMVC概述
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了Web MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架，即使用了MVC架构模式的思想，将web层进行职责解耦，基于请求驱动指的就是使用请求-响应模型，框架的目的就是帮助我们简化开发，Spring Web MVC也是要简化我们日常Web开发的。
什么是MVC
- 接收用户请求，委托给模型进行处理（状态改变），处理完毕后把返回的模型数据返回给视图，由视图负责展示。 也就是说控制器做了个调度员的工作。
SpringMVC的强大之处
- Spring MVC 实现了即用的 MVC 的核心概念。它为控制器和处理程序提供了大量与此模式相关的功能。并且当向 MVC 添加反转控制（Inversion of Control，IoC）时，它使应用程序高度解耦，提供了通过简单的配置更改即可动态更改组件的灵活性。Spring MVC 为您提供了完全控制应用程序的各个方面的力量。
- Spring 的 Web MVC 模块是围绕 DispatcherServlet 而设计的。DispatcherServlet 给处理程序分派请求，执行视图解析，并且处理语言环境和主题解析，此外还为上传文件提供支持。
- DispatcherServlet 通过使用处理程序映射来决定哪一个处理程序应当处理传入的请求。处理程序映射只是用于标识使用哪一个处理程序来处理特定 URL 模式的映射。处理程序是只有一种方法 ModelAndView handleRequest(request,response) 的控制器接口的实现。Spring 还有一些可用的高级处理程序实现；其中一个重要的高级处理程序实现是 SimpleFormController，它提供了将命令对象绑定到表单、对其执行验证等功能。
这些描述都是我从别的文档上摘下来了，看得云里雾里的，我个人理解，SpringMVC其实就是对servlet的封装。没用ssm的时候，前端页面调用Controller（servlet）时需要在web.xml内为每一个servlet进行配置，非常麻烦；使用SpringMVC之后，只需要几个注解就可以轻松访问Controller，并且数据的传输也变得非常方便，其实说白了，框架就是简化开发而存在的，使得程序员更关注在业务上而不是（基础）代码上。
常用的SpringMVC注解
- @Controller：表明该类是一个Controller
- @RequestMapping：前端访问地址
- @RequestBody：将 HTTP 请求正文插入方法中，使用适合的 HttpMessageConverter 将请求体写入某个对象
- @ResponseBody：加在方法前，表明该方法的返回值不再是jsp页面名称，而是向前端传输数据
- @RestController：表明该类是一个Controller，并且相当于类中全部方法都是@ResponseBody方法
- @RequestParam("xxx")：加在方法参数前，其内的名字和前端传来的参数名相同，常用于方法参数名和前端表单元素名不同
- @PathVariable：获取请求路径中部分数据
SSM整合
- 加入依赖(jar)包
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.46</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.1.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.2.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId> <version>1.3.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency>
- 配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Log4j的监听器要放在spring监听器前面 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-context*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc*.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>static/index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Log4j的监听器要放在spring监听器前面 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-context*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc*.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>static/index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
- 编写ssm的配置文件
db.properties
# JDBC jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.connectionURL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false jdbc.userName=root jdbc.password=123456 # JDBC Pool jdbc.pool.init=1 jdbc.pool.minIdle=3 jdbc.pool.maxActive=20 # JDBC Test jdbc.testSql=SELECT 'x' FROM DUAL #============================# #==== Framework settings ====# #============================# # u89c6u56feu6587u4ef6u5b58u653eu8defu5f84 web.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/views/ web.view.suffix=.jsp
spring-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!--开启注解扫描--> <context:annotation-config/> <!--不扫描Controller注解--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.alfred"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <!-- 开启事务注解驱动 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> </beans>
spring-context-druid.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 加载配置属性文件 --> <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 数据源配置, 使用 Druid 数据库连接池 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"> <!-- 数据源驱动类可不写，Druid默认会自动根据URL识别DriverClass --> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/> <!-- 基本属性 url、user、password --> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.connectionURL}"/> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.userName}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 --> <property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.pool.init}"/> <property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.pool.minIdle}"/> <property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.pool.maxActive}"/> <!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 --> <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/> <!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 --> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000"/> <!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 --> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000"/> <property name="validationQuery" value="${jdbc.testSql}"/> <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false"/> <property name="testOnReturn" value="false"/> <!-- 配置监控统计拦截的filters --> <property name="filters" value="stat"/> </bean> </beans>
spring-context-mybatis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- 配置 SqlSession --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 用于配置对应实体类所在的包，多个 package 之间可以用 ',' 号分割 --> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.alfred.domain"/> <!-- 用于配置对象关系映射配置文件所在目录 --> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:/mapper/*.xml"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:/mybatis-config.xml"></property> </bean> <!-- 扫描 Mapper --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="com.alfred.mapper" /> </bean> </beans>
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <description>Spring MVC Configuration</description> <!-- 加载配置属性文件 --> <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 使用 Annotation 自动注册 Bean,只扫描 @Controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.alfred" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan> <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 定义视图文件解析 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="${web.view.prefix}"/> <property name="suffix" value="${web.view.suffix}"/> </bean> <!--文件上传bean 定义--> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- 默认编码 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/> <!-- 文件大小最大值 --> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000"/> <!-- 内存中的最大值 --> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/> <!-- 启用是为了推迟文件解析，以便捕获文件大小异常 --> <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/> </bean> <!-- 静态资源映射 --> <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" cache-period="31536000"/> <!-- 解决前后端分离跨域问题--> <mvc:cors> <mvc:mapping path="/**" allowed-origins="*" allowed-methods="POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE, PUT,PATCH" allowed-headers="Content-Type, Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Authorization, X-Requested-With" allow-credentials="true"/> </mvc:cors> </beans>
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <!-- 全局参数 --> <settings> <!-- 打印 SQL 语句 --> <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" /> <!-- 使全局的映射器启用或禁用缓存。 --> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="false"/> <!-- 全局启用或禁用延迟加载。当禁用时，所有关联对象都会即时加载。 --> <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/> <!-- 当启用时，有延迟加载属性的对象在被调用时将会完全加载任意属性。否则，每种属性将会按需要加载。 --> <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="true"/> <!-- 是否允许单条 SQL 返回多个数据集 (取决于驱动的兼容性) default:true --> <setting name="multipleResultSetsEnabled" value="true"/> <!-- 是否可以使用列的别名 (取决于驱动的兼容性) default:true --> <setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true"/> <!-- 允许 JDBC 生成主键。需要驱动器支持。如果设为了 true，这个设置将强制使用被生成的主键，有一些驱动器不兼容不过仍然可以执行。 default:false --> <setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="false"/> <!-- 指定 MyBatis 如何自动映射 数据基表的列 NONE：不映射 PARTIAL：部分 FULL:全部 --> <setting name="autoMappingBehavior" value="PARTIAL"/> <!-- 这是默认的执行类型 （SIMPLE: 简单； REUSE: 执行器可能重复使用prepared statements语句；BATCH: 执行器可以重复执行语句和批量更新） --> <setting name="defaultExecutorType" value="SIMPLE"/> <!-- 使用驼峰命名法转换字段。 --> <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/> <!-- 设置本地缓存范围 session:就会有数据的共享 statement:语句范围 (这样就不会有数据的共享 ) defalut:session --> <setting name="localCacheScope" value="SESSION"/> <!-- 设置 JDBC 类型为空时,某些驱动程序 要指定值, default:OTHER，插入空值时不需要指定类型 --> <setting name="jdbcTypeForNull" value="NULL"/> </settings> </configuration>
逆向工程(一键生成实体类、sql语句、接口)
pom文件
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId> <version>1.3.7</version> </dependency> <build> <plugins> <!-- mybatis逆向工程插件 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.3.5</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.16</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <configuration> <!--配置文件的路径--> <configurationFile>src/main/resources/generator/generatorConfig.xml</configurationFile> <overwrite>true</overwrite> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <!-- 解决配置文件不生效问题--> <resources> <resource> <includes> <include>**/*.*</include> </includes> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> </resource> </resources> </build>
配置文件
generatorConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd"> <generatorConfiguration> <context id="DB2Tables" targetRuntime="MyBatis3"> <commentGenerator> <property name="suppressDate" value="false"/> <!-- 是否去除自动生成的注释 true：是 ： false:否 --> <property name="suppressAllComments" value="true"/> </commentGenerator> <!--数据库链接URL，用户名、密码 --> <jdbcConnection driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/beitong?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai" userId="root" password="101203"> <!--<property name="serverTimezone" value="UTC"/>--> <property name="nullCatalogMeansCurrent" value="true"/> </jdbcConnection> <!--指定生成entity实体类的具体位置--> <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.alfred.domain" targetProject="./src/main/java"> <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true"/> <property name="trimStrings" value="true"/> </javaModelGenerator> <!--指定生成mybatis映射xml文件的包名和位置--> <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="mapper" targetProject="./src/main/resources"> <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true"/> </sqlMapGenerator> <!--指定生成mapper接口的具体位置--> <javaClientGenerator targetPackage="com.alfred.mapper" targetProject="./src/main/java" type="XMLMAPPER"> <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true"/> </javaClientGenerator> <!--<!– 要生成entity/mapper的表名及自定义的DO名 –>--> <!--<table tableName="users" domainObjectName="User"/>--> <!--<table tableName="product_brand" domainObjectName="ProductBrand" />--> <!--mybatis generator代码生成器在默认的情况下会生成对于表实体类的一个Examle类, 可以更改生成器的配置可避免生成Examle类, enableCountByExample,enableUpdateByExample,enableDeleteByExample,enableSelectByExample等配置为false后, 就不会生成生成Examle类了 --> <!--<table tableName="user" enableCountByExample="false" enableUpdateByExample="false" enableDeleteByExample="false" enableSelectByExample="false" selectByExampleQueryId="false"/> <table tableName="commodity" enableCountByExample="false" enableUpdateByExample="false" enableDeleteByExample="false" enableSelectByExample="false" selectByExampleQueryId="false"/>--> <table tableName="orders" enableCountByExample="false" enableUpdateByExample="false" enableDeleteByExample="false" enableSelectByExample="false" selectByExampleQueryId="false"/> <!--<table tableName="orders_info" enableCountByExample="false" enableUpdateByExample="false" enableDeleteByExample="false" enableSelectByExample="false" selectByExampleQueryId="false"/> <table tableName="cart" enableCountByExample="false" enableUpdateByExample="false" enableDeleteByExample="false" enableSelectByExample="false" selectByExampleQueryId="false"/> <table tableName="user_address" enableCountByExample="false" enableUpdateByExample="false" enableDeleteByExample="false" enableSelectByExample="false" selectByExampleQueryId="false"/>--> </context> </generatorConfiguration>