c#获取机器唯一识别码

前言

在客户端认证的过程中，我们总要获取客户机的唯一识别信息，曾经以为MAC地址是不会变的，但是现在各种改，特别是使用无线上网卡，MAC地址插一次变一次，所以这样使用MAC就没有什么意义了，怎么办，又开始求助Google，最后找到一个折中的方案

原理

通过获取主板、处理器、BIOS、mac、显卡、硬盘等的ID生成唯一识别码

建议

1、使用那些不经常更换的模块来生成识别码。

2、如果经常更换MAC，显卡，硬盘，则不要使用这些ID。

3、确保使用static变量在整个应用来保存唯一识别码。

实现

注意引用System.Management

using System;
using System.Management;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
namespace Security
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Generates a 16 byte Unique Identification code of a computer
    /// Example: 4876-8DB5-EE85-69D3-FE52-8CF7-395D-2EA9
    /// </summary>
    public class FingerPrint  
    {
        private static string fingerPrint = string.Empty;
        public static string Value()
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fingerPrint))
            {
                fingerPrint = GetHash("CPU >> " + cpuId() + "
BIOS >> " + 
            biosId() + "
BASE >> " + baseId()
                            //+"
DISK >> "+ diskId() + "
VIDEO >> " + 
            videoId() +"
MAC >> "+ macId()
                                     );
            }
            return fingerPrint;
        }
        private static string GetHash(string s)
        {
            MD5 sec = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
            ASCIIEncoding enc = new ASCIIEncoding();
            byte[] bt = enc.GetBytes(s);
            return GetHexString(sec.ComputeHash(bt));
        }
        private static string GetHexString(byte[] bt)
        {
            string s = string.Empty;
            for (int i = 0; i < bt.Length; i++)
            {
                byte b = bt[i];
                int n, n1, n2;
                n = (int)b;
                n1 = n & 15;
                n2 = (n >> 4) & 15;
                if (n2 > 9)
                    s += ((char)(n2 - 10 + (int)'A')).ToString();
                else
                    s += n2.ToString();
                if (n1 > 9)
                    s += ((char)(n1 - 10 + (int)'A')).ToString();
                else
                    s += n1.ToString();
                if ((i + 1) != bt.Length && (i + 1) % 2 == 0) s += "-";
            }
            return s;
        }
        #region Original Device ID Getting Code
        //Return a hardware identifier
        private static string identifier
        (string wmiClass, string wmiProperty, string wmiMustBeTrue)
        {
            string result = "";
            System.Management.ManagementClass mc = 
        new System.Management.ManagementClass(wmiClass);
            System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (System.Management.ManagementObject mo in moc)
            {
                if (mo[wmiMustBeTrue].ToString() == "True")
                {
                    //Only get the first one
                    if (result == "")
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            result = mo[wmiProperty].ToString();
                            break;
                        }
                        catch
                        {
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        //Return a hardware identifier
        private static string identifier(string wmiClass, string wmiProperty)
        {
            string result = "";
            System.Management.ManagementClass mc = 
        new System.Management.ManagementClass(wmiClass);
            System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection moc = mc.GetInstances();
            foreach (System.Management.ManagementObject mo in moc)
            {
                //Only get the first one
                if (result == "")
                {
                    try
                    {
                        result = mo[wmiProperty].ToString();
                        break;
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        private static string cpuId()
        {
            //Uses first CPU identifier available in order of preference
            //Don't get all identifiers, as it is very time consuming
            string retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "UniqueId");
            if (retVal == "") //If no UniqueID, use ProcessorID
            {
                retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "ProcessorId");
                if (retVal == "") //If no ProcessorId, use Name
                {
                    retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "Name");
                    if (retVal == "") //If no Name, use Manufacturer
                    {
                        retVal = identifier("Win32_Processor", "Manufacturer");
                    }
                    //Add clock speed for extra security
                    retVal += identifier("Win32_Processor", "MaxClockSpeed");
                }
            }
            return retVal;
        }
        //BIOS Identifier
        private static string biosId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_BIOS", "Manufacturer")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "SMBIOSBIOSVersion")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "IdentificationCode")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "SerialNumber")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "ReleaseDate")
            + identifier("Win32_BIOS", "Version");
        }
        //Main physical hard drive ID
        private static string diskId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "Model")
            + identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "Manufacturer")
            + identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "Signature")
            + identifier("Win32_DiskDrive", "TotalHeads");
        }
        //Motherboard ID
        private static string baseId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "Model")
            + identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "Manufacturer")
            + identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "Name")
            + identifier("Win32_BaseBoard", "SerialNumber");
        }
        //Primary video controller ID
        private static string videoId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_VideoController", "DriverVersion")
            + identifier("Win32_VideoController", "Name");
        }
        //First enabled network card ID
        private static string macId()
        {
            return identifier("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration", 
                "MACAddress", "IPEnabled");
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

参考

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/28678/Generating-Unique-Key-Finger-Print-for-a-Computer

补充

现在遇到一些平板等简陋的机型，竟然获取到的所有设备标识都一样（除了mac），最后只好在本地再生成一个软件自身的标识，然后每次在计算标识的时候附带上，这样不会再重复了吧。

代码如下:

        private static string localkey()
        {
            string path=Environment.CurrentDirectory + "client.key";
            if (File.Exists(path))
            {
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path);
                string key= sr.ReadLine();
                sr.Close();
                return key;
            }
            else
            {
                StreamWriter sw = File.CreateText(path);
                string key = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
                sw.WriteLine(key);
                sw.Close();
                return key;
            }
        }

可以再把该文件设为隐藏等手段，防止用户误操作。

补充2

文件容易被误删，还可以写入注册表，除非系统重装，但是需要以管理员权限运行

    class RegistryHelper
    {
        const string _uriDeviecId = "SOFTWARE\YourCompany\YouApp";
        public static string GetDeviceId()
        {
            string ret = string.Empty;
            using (var obj = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(_uriDeviecId, false))
            {
                if (obj != null)
                {
                    var value = obj.GetValue("DeviceId");
                    if (value != null)
                        ret = Convert.ToString(value);
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }

        public static void SetDeviceId()
        {
            using (MD5 md5Hash = MD5.Create())
            {
                byte[] data = md5Hash.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DateTime.Now.ToString()));
                StringBuilder sBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                {
                    sBuilder.Append(data[i].ToString("x2"));
                }

                string id = sBuilder.ToString();
                using (var tempk = Registry.LocalMachine.CreateSubKey(_uriDeviecId))
                {
                    tempk.SetValue("DeviceId", id);
                }
            }
        }
    }