使用EF,采用DataBase 模式,实体类都是按照数据库的定义自动生成,我们似乎无法干预。如果要生成自定义的实体类,该怎么做呢?
思路是这样的:
1、我们要自定义生成的实体类,都是分部类(partial),目的是对EF生成的实体类进行扩充;
2、扩充部分,预先写好在模板里,自动生成
3、每个实体类,都进行扩充
实施方法:
1、给VS2012安装两个插件:
- Devart T4 Editor:为VS提供智能提示功能。
- T4 Toolbox:在生成多文件时很有用。
1)创建T4 Toolbox模板文件EntityTemplate.tt,作用是生成多个实体类文件
代码如下:
<#+ // <copyright file="Entity.tt" company="cqxm"> // Copyright © . All Rights Reserved. // </copyright> public class Entity : CSharpTemplate { private string _className; public Entity(string className) { _className = className; } public override string TransformText() { base.TransformText(); #> namespace testEF { public partial class <#= _className #> : IEntity { public string _ID { get { return Id.ToString(); } } } } <#+ return this.GenerationEnvironment.ToString(); } } #>
2)创建T4模板文件EntityOutput.tt,调用前面写的EntityTemplate.tt,真正生成各种实体类文件
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ assembly name="System.Core" #> <#@ import namespace="System.IO" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Text" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #> <#@ include file="EF.Utility.CS.ttinclude"#> <#@ include file="T4Toolbox.tt" #> <#@ include file="EntityTemplate.tt" #> <# string curPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(Host.TemplateFile); string destPath = Path.Combine(curPath, @"..Partial");//将各个扩充实体类文件生成到文件夹Partial下 if(!Directory.Exists(destPath)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(destPath); } const string inputFile = @"..ShowMe.edmx"; var textTransform = DynamicTextTransformation.Create(this); var itemCollection = new EdmMetadataLoader(textTransform.Host, textTransform.Errors).CreateEdmItemCollection(inputFile); foreach (var entity in GetItemsToGenerate<EntityType>(itemCollection)) {//每个实体类都要自动生成扩充文件,是自动哦,参考文章里介绍的是手动输入实体类名称 Entity template = new Entity(entity.Name); string fileName = string.Format(@"{0}{1}.cs", destPath, entity.Name); template.Output.Encoding = Encoding.UTF8; if(File.Exists(fileName)) { File.Delete(fileName); } template.RenderToFile(fileName); } #> <#+ /*以下代码都是为了获得EF自动生成的所有实体类名单,抄自 *.edmx*.Context.tt。 没办法,谁叫俺看不懂哪些代码呢 */ public class EdmMetadataLoader { private readonly IDynamicHost _host; private readonly System.Collections.IList _errors; public EdmMetadataLoader(IDynamicHost host, System.Collections.IList errors) { ArgumentNotNull(host, "host"); ArgumentNotNull(errors, "errors"); _host = host; _errors = errors; } public IEnumerable<GlobalItem> CreateEdmItemCollection(string sourcePath) { ArgumentNotNull(sourcePath, "sourcePath"); if (!ValidateInputPath(sourcePath)) { return new EdmItemCollection(); } var schemaElement = LoadRootElement(_host.ResolvePath(sourcePath)); if (schemaElement != null) { using (var reader = schemaElement.CreateReader()) { IList<EdmSchemaError> errors; var itemCollection = MetadataItemCollectionFactory.CreateEdmItemCollection(new[] { reader }, out errors); ProcessErrors(errors, sourcePath); return itemCollection; } } return new EdmItemCollection(); } public string GetModelNamespace(string sourcePath) { ArgumentNotNull(sourcePath, "sourcePath"); if (!ValidateInputPath(sourcePath)) { return string.Empty; } var model = LoadRootElement(_host.ResolvePath(sourcePath)); if (model == null) { return string.Empty; } var attribute = model.Attribute("Namespace"); return attribute != null ? attribute.Value : ""; } private bool ValidateInputPath(string sourcePath) { if (sourcePath == "$" + "edmxInputFile" + "$") { _errors.Add( new CompilerError(_host.TemplateFile ?? sourcePath, 0, 0, string.Empty, GetResourceString("Template_ReplaceVsItemTemplateToken"))); return false; } return true; } public XElement LoadRootElement(string sourcePath) { ArgumentNotNull(sourcePath, "sourcePath"); var root = XElement.Load(sourcePath, LoadOptions.SetBaseUri | LoadOptions.SetLineInfo); return root.Elements() .Where(e => e.Name.LocalName == "Runtime") .Elements() .Where(e => e.Name.LocalName == "ConceptualModels") .Elements() .Where(e => e.Name.LocalName == "Schema") .FirstOrDefault() ?? root; } private void ProcessErrors(IEnumerable<EdmSchemaError> errors, string sourceFilePath) { foreach (var error in errors) { _errors.Add( new CompilerError( error.SchemaLocation ?? sourceFilePath, error.Line, error.Column, error.ErrorCode.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), error.Message) { IsWarning = error.Severity == EdmSchemaErrorSeverity.Warning }); } } public bool IsLazyLoadingEnabled(EntityContainer container) { string lazyLoadingAttributeValue; var lazyLoadingAttributeName = MetadataConstants.EDM_ANNOTATION_09_02 + ":LazyLoadingEnabled"; bool isLazyLoading; return !MetadataTools.TryGetStringMetadataPropertySetting(container, lazyLoadingAttributeName, out lazyLoadingAttributeValue) || !bool.TryParse(lazyLoadingAttributeValue, out isLazyLoading) || isLazyLoading; } } public static void ArgumentNotNull<T>(T arg, string name) where T : class { if (arg == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(name); } } private static readonly Lazy<System.Resources.ResourceManager> ResourceManager = new Lazy<System.Resources.ResourceManager>( () => new System.Resources.ResourceManager("System.Data.Entity.Design", typeof(MetadataItemCollectionFactory).Assembly), isThreadSafe: true); public static string GetResourceString(string resourceName) { ArgumentNotNull(resourceName, "resourceName"); return ResourceManager.Value.GetString(resourceName, null); } private const string ExternalTypeNameAttributeName = @"http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2006/04/codegeneration:ExternalTypeName"; public IEnumerable<T> GetItemsToGenerate<T>(IEnumerable<GlobalItem> itemCollection) where T: EdmType { return itemCollection .OfType<T>() .Where(i => !i.MetadataProperties.Any(p => p.Name == ExternalTypeNameAttributeName)) .OrderBy(i => i.Name); } #>
生成各种实体类文件的方法很简单,只要保存一下这个EntityOutput.tt文件,各种实体类文件即可应声生成,很爽。
最后生成的文件如蓝线圈圈所示
某个实体扩充类:
// <autogenerated> // This file was generated by T4 code generator EntityOutput.tt. // Any changes made to this file manually will be lost next time the file is regenerated. // </autogenerated> namespace testEF { public partial class Show : IEntity { public string _ID { get { return Id.ToString(); } } } }
这个模板文件看起来好复杂,事实上,绝大部分都是自动生成,和拷贝过来的,我自己其实并不懂。
参考文章:
MVC实用架构设计(三)——EF-Code First(3):使用T4模板生成相似代码
http://www.cnblogs.com/guomingfeng/p/mvc-ef-t4.html
EF架构~终于实现了Update方法的统一
http://www.cnblogs.com/lori/archive/2011/07/25/2115982.html