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  • Spring3系列6

    Spring3系列6-Spring 表达式语言(Spring EL)

      本篇讲述了Spring Expression Language —— 即Spring3中功能丰富强大的表达式语言,简称SpEL。SpEL是类似于OGNL和JSF EL的表达式语言,能够在运行时构建复杂表达式,存取对象属性、对象方法调用等。所有的SpEL都支持XML和Annotation两种方式,格式:#{ SpEL expression }

    一、      第一个Spring EL例子—— HelloWorld Demo

    二、      Spring EL Method Invocation——SpEL 方法调用

    三、      Spring EL Operators——SpEL 操作符

    四、      Spring EL 三目操作符condition?true:false

    五、      Spring EL 操作List、Map集合取值

    一、      第一个Spring EL例子—— HelloWorld Demo

    这个例子将展示如何利用SpEL注入String、Integer、Bean到属性中。

    1.     Spring El的依赖包

    首先在Maven的pom.xml中加入依赖包,这样会自动下载SpEL的依赖。

    文件:pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>

    2.     Spring Bean

    接下来写两个简单的Bean,稍后会用SpEL注入value到属性中。

    Item.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
    
    public class Item {
    
        private String name;
        private int total;
        
        //getter and setter...
    }

    Customer.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
    
    public class Customer {
    
        private Item item;
        private String itemName;
    
      @Override
        public String toString() {
      return "itemName=" +this.itemName+" "+"Item.total="+this.item.getTotal();
        }
        
        //getter and setter...
    
    }

    3.     Spring EL——XML

    SpEL格式为#{ SpEL expression },xml配置见下。

    文件:Spring-EL.xml

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     
        <bean id="itemBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Item">
            <property name="name" value="itemA" />
            <property name="total" value="10" />
        </bean>
     
        <bean id="customerBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Customer">
            <property name="item" value="#{itemBean}" />
            <property name="itemName" value="#{itemBean.name}" />
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

    注解:

    1. #{itemBean}——将itemBean注入到customerBeanitem属性中。

    2. #{itemBean.name}——将itemBeanname属性,注入到customerBean的属性itemName中。

    4.     Spring EL——Annotation

    SpEL的Annotation版本。

    注意:要在Annotation中使用SpEL,必须要通过annotation注册组件。如果你在xml中注册了bean和在java class中定义了@Value,@Value在运行时将失败。

     

    Item.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component("itemBean")
    public class Item {
    
        @Value("itemA")//直接注入String
        private String name;
        
        @Value("10")//直接注入integer
        private int total;
        
        //getter and setter...
    }

    Customer.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component("customerBean")
    public class Customer {
    
        @Value("#{itemBean}")
        private Item item;
        
        @Value("#{itemBean.name}")
        private String itemName;
        
      //getter and setter...
    }

    Xml中配置组件自动扫描

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
     
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.demo.el" />
     
    </beans>

     

    在Annotation模式中,用@Value定义EL。在这种情况下,直接注入一个String和integer值到itemBean中,然后注入itemBean到customerBean中。

    5.     输出结果

    App.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class App {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Spring-EL.xml");
             
            Customer obj = (Customer) context.getBean("customerBean");
            System.out.println(obj);
    
        }
    
    }

    输出结果如下:itemName=itemA item.total=10

    二、      Spring EL Method Invocation——SpEL 方法调用

    SpEL允许开发者用El运行方法函数,并且允许将方法返回值注入到属性中。

    1.      Spring EL Method Invocation之Annotation

    此段落演示用@Value注释,完成SpEL方法调用。

    Customer.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("customerBean")
    public class Customer {
     
        @Value("#{'lei'.toUpperCase()}")
        private String name;
     
        @Value("#{priceBean.getSpecialPrice()}")
        private double amount;
        
        //getter and setter...省略
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer [name=" + name + ", amount=" + amount + "]";
        }
     
    }

    Price.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("priceBean")
    public class Price {
     
        public double getSpecialPrice() {
            return new Double(99.99);
        }
     
    }

    输出结果:Customer[name=LEI,amount=99.99]

    上例中,以下语句调用toUpperCase()方法

    @Value("#{'lei'.toUpperCase()}")
    private String name;

    上例中,以下语句调用priceBean中的getSpecialPrice()方法

    @Value("#{priceBean.getSpecialPrice()}")
    private double amount;

    2.      Spring EL Method Invocation之XML

    在XMl中配置如下,效果相同

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerBean" class="com.leidemo.el.Customer">
            <property name="name" value="#{'lei'.toUpperCase()}" />
            <property name="amount" value="#{priceBean.getSpecialPrice()}" />
        </bean>
     
        <bean id="priceBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Price" />
     
    </beans>

     

    三、      Spring EL Operators——SpEL 操作符

      Spring EL 支持大多数的数学操作符、逻辑操作符、关系操作符。

      1.关系操作符

      包括:等于 (==, eq),不等于 (!=, ne),小于 (<, lt),,小于等于(<= , le),大于(>, gt),大于等于 (>=, ge)

      2.逻辑操作符

      包括:and,or,and not(!)

      3.数学操作符

      包括:加 (+),减 (-),乘 (*),除 (/),取模 (%),幂指数 (^)。

    1.      Spring EL Operators之Annotation

    Numer.java如下

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("numberBean")
    public class Number {
     
        @Value("999")
        private int no;
     
        public int getNo() {
            return no;
        }
     
        public void setNo(int no) {
            this.no = no;
        }
     
    }

    Customer.java如下

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("customerBean")
    public class Customer {
     
        //Relational operators
     
        @Value("#{1 == 1}") //true
        private boolean testEqual;
     
        @Value("#{1 != 1}") //false
        private boolean testNotEqual;
     
        @Value("#{1 < 1}") //false
        private boolean testLessThan;
     
        @Value("#{1 <= 1}") //true
        private boolean testLessThanOrEqual;
     
        @Value("#{1 > 1}") //false
        private boolean testGreaterThan;
     
        @Value("#{1 >= 1}") //true
        private boolean testGreaterThanOrEqual;
     
        //Logical operators , numberBean.no == 999
     
        @Value("#{numberBean.no == 999 and numberBean.no < 900}") //false
        private boolean testAnd;
     
        @Value("#{numberBean.no == 999 or numberBean.no < 900}") //true
        private boolean testOr;
     
        @Value("#{!(numberBean.no == 999)}") //false
        private boolean testNot;
     
        //Mathematical operators
     
        @Value("#{1 + 1}") //2.0
        private double testAdd;
     
        @Value("#{'1' + '@' + '1'}") //1@1
        private String testAddString;
     
        @Value("#{1 - 1}") //0.0
        private double testSubtraction;
     
        @Value("#{1 * 1}") //1.0
        private double testMultiplication;
     
        @Value("#{10 / 2}") //5.0
        private double testDivision;
     
        @Value("#{10 % 10}") //0.0
        private double testModulus ;
     
        @Value("#{2 ^ 2}") //4.0
        private double testExponentialPower;
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer [testEqual=" + testEqual + ", testNotEqual="
                    + testNotEqual + ", testLessThan=" + testLessThan
                    + ", testLessThanOrEqual=" + testLessThanOrEqual
                    + ", testGreaterThan=" + testGreaterThan
                    + ", testGreaterThanOrEqual=" + testGreaterThanOrEqual
                    + ", testAnd=" + testAnd + ", testOr=" + testOr + ", testNot="
                    + testNot + ", testAdd=" + testAdd + ", testAddString="
                    + testAddString + ", testSubtraction=" + testSubtraction
                    + ", testMultiplication=" + testMultiplication
                    + ", testDivision=" + testDivision + ", testModulus="
                    + testModulus + ", testExponentialPower="
                    + testExponentialPower + "]";
        }
     
    }

    运行如下代码:

    Customer obj = (Customer) context.getBean("customerBean");
    System.out.println(obj);

    结果如下:

    Customer [
        testEqual=true, 
        testNotEqual=false, 
        testLessThan=false, 
        testLessThanOrEqual=true, 
        testGreaterThan=false, 
        testGreaterThanOrEqual=true, 
        testAnd=false, 
        testOr=true, 
        testNot=false, 
        testAdd=2.0, 
        testAddString=1@1, 
        testSubtraction=0.0, 
        testMultiplication=1.0, 
        testDivision=5.0, 
        testModulus=0.0, 
        testExponentialPower=4.0
    ]

    2.      Spring EL Operators之XML

    以下是等同的xml配置。

    注意,类似小于号“<”,或者小于等于“<=”,在xml中是不直接支持的,必须用等同的文本表示方法表示,

    例如,“<”用“lt”替换;“<=”用“le”替换,等等。

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Customer">
     
          <property name="testEqual" value="#{1 == 1}" />
          <property name="testNotEqual" value="#{1 != 1}" />
          <property name="testLessThan" value="#{1 lt 1}" />
          <property name="testLessThanOrEqual" value="#{1 le 1}" />
          <property name="testGreaterThan" value="#{1 > 1}" />
          <property name="testGreaterThanOrEqual" value="#{1 >= 1}" />
     
          <property name="testAnd" value="#{numberBean.no == 999 and numberBean.no lt 900}" />
          <property name="testOr" value="#{numberBean.no == 999 or numberBean.no lt 900}" />
          <property name="testNot" value="#{!(numberBean.no == 999)}" />
     
          <property name="testAdd" value="#{1 + 1}" />
          <property name="testAddString" value="#{'1' + '@' + '1'}" />
          <property name="testSubtraction" value="#{1 - 1}" />
          <property name="testMultiplication" value="#{1 * 1}" />
          <property name="testDivision" value="#{10 / 2}" />
          <property name="testModulus" value="#{10 % 10}" />
          <property name="testExponentialPower" value="#{2 ^ 2}" />
     
        </bean>
     
        <bean id="numberBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Number">
            <property name="no" value="999" />
        </bean>
     
    </beans>

    四、      Spring EL 三目操作符condition?true:false

    SpEL支持三目运算符,以此来实现条件语句。

    1.      Annotation

    Item.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("itemBean")
    public class Item {
     
        @Value("99")
        private int qtyOnHand;
     
        public int getQtyOnHand() {
            return qtyOnHand;
        }
     
        public void setQtyOnHand(int qtyOnHand) {
            this.qtyOnHand = qtyOnHand;
        }
     
    }

    Customer.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("customerBean")
    public class Customer {
     
        @Value("#{itemBean.qtyOnHand < 100 ? true : false}")
        private boolean warning;
     
        public boolean isWarning() {
            return warning;
        }
     
        public void setWarning(boolean warning) {
            this.warning = warning;
        }
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer [warning=" + warning + "]";
        }
     
    }
    输出:Customer [warning=true]

    2.      XMl

    Xml配置如下,注意:应该用“&lt;”代替小于号“<”

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Customer">
            <property name="warning" 
                              value="#{itemBean.qtyOnHand &lt; 100 ? true : false}" />
        </bean>
     
        <bean id="itemBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Item">
            <property name="qtyOnHand" value="99" />
        </bean>
     
    </beans>
    输出:Customer [warning=true]

    五、      Spring EL 操作List、Map集合取值

    此段演示SpEL怎样从List、Map集合中取值,简单示例如下:

      //get map where key = 'MapA'
        @Value("#{testBean.map['MapA']}")
        private String mapA;
     
        //get first value from list, list is 0-based.
        @Value("#{testBean.list[0]}")
        private String list;

    1.      Annotation

    首先,创建一个HashMap和ArrayList,并初始化一些值。

    Test.java如下:

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("testBean")
    public class Test {
     
        private Map<String, String> map;
        private List<String> list;
     
        public Test() {
            map = new HashMap<String, String>();
            map.put("MapA", "This is A");
            map.put("MapB", "This is B");
            map.put("MapC", "This is C");
     
            list = new ArrayList<String>();
            list.add("List0");
            list.add("List1");
            list.add("List2");
     
        }
     
        public Map<String, String> getMap() {
            return map;
        }
     
        public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
            this.map = map;
        }
     
        public List<String> getList() {
            return list;
        }
     
        public void setList(List<String> list) {
            this.list = list;
        }
     
    }

    然后,用SpEL取值,Customer.java如下

    package com.lei.demo.el;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component("customerBean")
    public class Customer {
     
        @Value("#{testBean.map['MapA']}")
        private String mapA;
     
        @Value("#{testBean.list[0]}")
        private String list;
     
        public String getMapA() {
            return mapA;
        }
     
        public void setMapA(String mapA) {
            this.mapA = mapA;
        }
     
        public String getList() {
            return list;
        }
     
        public void setList(String list) {
            this.list = list;
        }
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer [mapA=" + mapA + ", list=" + list + "]";
        }
     
    }

    调用代码如下:

    Customer obj = (Customer) context.getBean("customerBean");
    System.out.println(obj);
    输出结果:Customer [mapA=This is A, list=List0]

    2.      XML

    Xml配置如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Customer">
            <property name="mapA" value="#{testBean.map['MapA']}" />
            <property name="list" value="#{testBean.list[0]}" />
        </bean>
     
        <bean id="testBean" class="com.lei.demo.el.Test" />
     
    </beans>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3543222.html
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