flask的post,get请求及获取不同格式的参数

flask的post,get请求及获取不同格式的参数

1 获取不同格式参数

1.0 获取json参数

• Demo

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/jsonargs/<string:args_1>', methods=['POST'])
def json_args(args_1):
    args_2 = request.json.get("args_2")
    args_3 = request.json['args_3']
    return jsonify({"args_1":args_1, "args_2":args_2, "args_3":args_3})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

• request

1.2 获取form参数

• Demo

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/formargs/<int:args_1>', methods=['POST'])
def form_args(args_1):
    args_2 = request.form.get('args_2')
    args_3 = request.form['args_3']
    return jsonify({"args_1":args_1, "args_2":args_2, "args_3":args_3})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

• request

1.3 get获取地址栏参数

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/getargs', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def get_args():
    args_1 = request.args.get("args_1")
    args_2 = request.args.get("args_2")
    args_3 = request.args.get("args_3")
    return jsonify({"args_1":args_1, "args_2":args_2, "args_3":args_3})
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

Request

1.4 获取file文件

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__name__))
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/imageprocess', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def image_preprocess():
    # get upload image and save
    image = request.files['image']
    path = basedir + "/source_images/"
    file_path = path + image.filename
    image.save(file_path)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=True)

1.5 获取任何格式

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)

def upload_data():
    data = request.values.get("input")
    return jsonify({"data type":"successfully upload!"})
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8090, debug=True)

2 文件格式解析

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request,abort
import os

app = Flask(__name__)
def path_get():
    path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__name__))
    return path

@app.route('/connect', methods=["GET"])
def connect():
    return jsonify({"connect state":"successfully connect!"})

@app.route('/upload_data', methods=["GET", "POST"])
def upload_data():
    # 判断form文件是否为空及是否是form文件
    if request.form and 'input' in request.form:
        upload_data = request.form['input']
        form_type = request.form
        print("form type: {}".format(form_type))
        # return jsonify({"input data":upload_data})
        return jsonify({"form data type":form_type})
    # 判断json文件是否为空及是否是json文件
    elif request.json and 'input' in request.json:
        upload_data = request.json['input']
        # return jsonify({"input data":upload_data})
        # return jsonify({"input test":"success"})
        json_type = request.json
        print("json type: {}".format(json_type))
        return jsonify({"form data type":json_type})
    # 判断files文件是否为空及是否是files文件
    elif 'input' in request.files:
        file = request.files["input"]
        path = path_get() + "/images/test.png"
        # file.save(path)
        files_type = request.files
        print("files type: {}".format(files_type))
        return jsonify({"path":path})
        
        # return jsonify({"form data type":files_type})

    else:
        abort(400)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8098, debug=True)

Result

# form数据
form type: ImmutableMultiDict([('input', 'dancer')])
{
    "form data type": {
        "input": "dancer"
    }
}
=======================
# json数据
json type: {'input': 'jumper'}
{
    "form data type": {
        "input": "jumper"
    }
}
=======================
# files文件
files type: ImmutableMultiDict([('input', <FileStorage: '1.jpeg' ('image/jpeg')>)])

Analysis
(1) form数据是可遍历的字典,可使用字典属性;
(2) json数据为字典,可使用字典属性;
(3) files数据为可遍历的字典,可使用字典属性,通过key判断是否存在该key,如input这个键;
(4) 当使用数据中的一种格式时,其他的数据为None,不可遍历,因此直接使用if判断是否为该类型的数据,会抛出错误TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable,所以通过先判断数据是否为空,然后判断是否为指定格式,解除错误;

3 获取checkbox数据

3.1 获取一个checkbox数据

• html

<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name" value="选择框">选择框</p>

• flask

data = request.values.get("checkbox_name")

3.2 获取多个checkbox数据

• html

<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_names" value="选择1">选择1</p>
<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_names" value="选择1">选择2</p>
<p><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_names" value="选择1">选择3</p>

• flask

datas = request.values.getlist("checkbox_names")

3.3 分级选择

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kaituorensheng/p/4529113.html

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 


<script>
function allSelect(check_v, checkname)
{
    var v_item = document.getElementsByName(check_v);
    var items = document.getElementsByName(checkname);
    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; ++i)
    {
        if (v_item[0].checked)
        {
            items[i].checked = true;
        }
        else
        {
            items[i].checked = false;
        }
    }
}

function singleSelect2parent(check_v, checkname)
{
    var v_item = document.getElementsByName(check_v);
    var items = document.getElementsByName(checkname);
    var childStatus = true;
    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; ++i)
    {
        childStatus = (childStatus && items[i].checked);
    }
    if (childStatus)
    {
        v_item[0].checked = true;
    }
    else
    {
        v_item[0].checked = false;
    }
}

</script>
</head>
<body>

<p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox_v1" value="version1" onclick="allSelect('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">默认全选</p>
<ul>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox1" value="layer1" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">tiger_roads</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox1" value="layer2" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">poly_landmarks</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" checked name="checkbox1" value="layer3" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v1', 'checkbox1')">poi</p>
</ul>

<p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_v2" value="version2" onclick="allSelect('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')">默认全不选</p>
<ul>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value="layer1" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')" >tiger_roads</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value="layer2" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')">poly_landmarks</p>
    <p> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value="layer3" onclick="singleSelect2parent('checkbox_v2', 'checkbox2')">poi</p>
</ul>
</body>

</html>

4 总结
(1) 数据获取使用request请求,常用数据格式有json,form,file及地址栏的get请求数据;
(2) form及json数据请求方式均有两种,如request.json.get(),request.json[];
(3) 获取文件数据,可通过filename属性获取文件名,save属性进行保存;
(4) 地址栏可直接写入数据,需在route的方法内使用格式为:<type:args>如<int:id>,<string:name>等;
(5) 通过判断输入数据的格式,提供不同类型的输入;

[参考文献]
[1]https://www.jianshu.com/p/ecd97b1c21c1
[2]https://blog.csdn.net/p571912102/article/details/80526634
[3]https://www.cnblogs.com/kaituorensheng/p/4529113.html
[4]https://blog.csdn.net/kuangshp128/article/details/68926902