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  • C++——字符串处理

    11、用字符数组存储和处理字符串

    字符数组的声明和引用  字符串:

    字符串常量 “china”,没有字符串变量,用字符数组来存放字符串,字符串以‘’结束。

    字符串数组的初始化:

     

    逐个输出输入字符串;

    将整个字符串一次输入输出;

    输出字符不包含

    输出字符串时用数组名,遇到结束;

    输入多个字符串以空格分隔,输入单个字符串时期中不能有空格

     

    static char str[8]={112,114,111,103,114,97,109,0};
    static char str[8]={'p','r','o','g','r','a','m',''};
    static char str[8]="program";
    static char str[]="program";

    #include<iostream>

    using namespace std;

    int main()

    {

             static char c[10]=

             {'I',' ','a','m',' ','a',' ','b','o','y'};  //一维字符数组的声明和初始化

             int i;

             for(i=0;i<10;i++)    //逐个输出字符数组的元素

                                cout<<c[i];

             cout<<endl;

    }//I’m a boy

    //输出一个钻石图形

    #include<iostream>

    using namespace std;

    int main()

    {        //二维字符数组的声明和初始化,未被初始化的元素初始值为0

             static char diamond[][5]={{' ',' ','*'},{' ','*',' ','*'}, {'*',' ',' ',' ','*'},{' ','*',' ','*'}, {' ',' ','*'}};

             int i,j;

             for (i=0;i<5;i++)      //逐个输出二维字符数组的元素

             { 

                                for(j=0;j<5 && diamond[i][j]!=0;j++)

                                         cout<<diamond[i][j]; 

                                cout<<endl;

             }

    }

    cin读取单词的时候遇到空格跳过;不能给数组名赋值,数组名时常量;

    cin.getline(字符数组名st,字符个数N,结束符)

    cin.get (字符数组名st,字符个数N,结束符)

    一次连续读入多个字符,可以包括空格,直到读满N个,或者遇到结束符(默认为 ),读入的字符串存放在st中。

    #include <iostream>

    using namespace std;

    void main (void)

    {        char city[80];

             char state[80];

             int  i;

             for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)

             { cin.getline(city,80,',');

               cin.getline(state,80,' ');

               cout<<"City: "<<city<<"   State: "
          <<state<<endl;

             }

    }

    Beijing,China

    City: Beijing   Country: China

    Shanghai,China

    City: Shanghai   Country: China

    字符串处理函数strcat(连接),strcpy(复制),strcmp(比较),strlen(求长度), strlwr(转换为小写),strupr(转换为大写),头文件<cstring>

    C++中用字符数组处理字符串有很多不方便,我们可以使用string类,

    #include <string>

    #include <iostream>

    using namespace std ;

    void trueFalse(int x)//辅助函数

    {cout << (x? "True": "False") << endl;}

    int main()

    {        string S1="DEF",  S2="123";

             char CP1[]="ABC";

             char CP2[]="DEF";

             cout << "S1 is " << S1 << endl;

             cout << "S2 is " << S2 << endl;

             cout<<"length of S2:"<<S2.length()<<endl;

             cout << "CP1 is " << CP1 << endl;

             cout << "CP2 is " << CP2 << endl;

             cout << "S1<=CP1 returned ";

             trueFalse(S1<=CP1);

             cout << "CP2<=S1 returned ";

             trueFalse(CP2<=S1);

             S2+=S1;

             cout<<"S2=S2+S1:"<<S2<<endl;

             cout<<"length of S2:"<<S2.length()<<endl;

    }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lemaden/p/10238049.html
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