linux上搭建ftp
在使用WinSCP上传文件时，连接经常会超时，在介绍解决办法前，先给大家推荐一个工具：
介绍一个 FTP客户端-IIS7服务器管理工具
作为FTP客户端，它支持批量管理ftp站点。
定时上传和定时下载，定时备份，且操作简洁。
同时iis7服务器管理工具还是vnc客户端。
并且支持批量管理管理windows及linux服务器、vps。让服务器真正实现了一站式管理，真的是非常方便。
官网地址：http://fwqglgj.iis7.net/cp/ftp/?zmyc-zc
使用截图如下：
重要 解决如何搭建ftp
解决用户指定访问其根目录
解决访问ftp超时连接
解决ftp主动连接、被动连接的问题
1、安装ftp
安装ftp前，先把防火墙关闭
#service iptables stop （挺重要）
安装好后再根据需要的端口 添加到 iptables
- 直接用yum安装 vsftp
# 1.执行以下安装命令 yum install -y vsftpd # 2.设置开机启动服务 chkconfig vsftpd on # 3.启动服务 service vsftpd start
- 配置 ftp 配置文件
这里只是简单的介绍几个必须的配置，具体用到的配置自己去配
#默认的配置文件是/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.cof
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO #是否允许匿名登录 # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES #PASV_enable=NO # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
#主动登录 connect_from_port_20=YES #是否允许主动登录、数据传输端口为20（防火墙必须开放端口20） 【解决访问ftp超时连接】 pasv_enable=NO #是否被动登录，关闭被动登录 【解决ftp主动连接、被动连接的问题】
#被动登录 #开启被动则把上面的 注释，添加下面几个 #connect_from_port_20=NO #pasv_enable=YES #pasv_min_port=50000 #pasv_max_port=60000 # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog #日志 # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=NO #是否允许 用户访问其它目录 【解决用户指定访问其根目录】 chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list #配置访问目录的用户 （在chroot_list 文件配置） allow_writeable_chroot=YES #(重点 新添) 配置 读写权限 # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=NO # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES local_root=/mnt/ftp_user #配置 用户的目录
- 添加用户
增加用户user001，指向目录/mnt/ftp,禁止登录SSH权限。
#添加用户，并配置根目录为 /mnt/ftp 即是 用户访问目录 useradd -d /mnt/ftp -s /sbin/nologin user001 #添加密码 passwd user001
# 并且修改 /mnt/ftp 目录的权限
chmod -R 755 /mnt/ftp
#改变文件拥有者和群组 (看文件的拥有着，不是user001就需要)
chown user00l:user001 /mnt/ftp
- 编辑/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list目录，把用户名添加上去即可
vi /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#添加 user001即可
user001
到目前为至，已经完成了，重启服务就可以登录测试了
#service vsftpd restart