apt-get command cheat sheet for Debian Linux
apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages for Debian Linux which is use to:
- Install/manage individual packages
- Upgrade packages
- Apply security patch(s)
- Keep Debian system up to date
- Download source .deb files
- Front-end to many GUI and other utilities
Here is quick cheat sheet you will find handy while using apt-get at shell prompt:
| Syntax | Description | Example(s) |
| apt-get install {package} | Install the new package. If package is installed then try to upgrade to latest version | apt-get install zip apt-get install lsof samba mysql-client |
| apt-get remove {package} | Remove/Delete an installed package except configuration files | apt-get remove zip |
| apt-get --purge remove {package} | Remove/Delete everything including configuration files | apt-get --purge remove mysql-server |
| apt-get update apt-get upgrade | Resynchronize the package index files and Upgrade the Debian Linux system including security update (Internet access required) | apt-get update apt-get upgrade |
| apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade | Usually use to upgrade to Debian distribution. For example Woody to Sarge upgrade. 'dist-upgrade' in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. | apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade |
{package} - Replace with actual package name
安装或升级系统分下面几个步骤。
第一步，获得最近的软件包的列表；列表中包含一些包的信息，比如这个包是否更新过。
第二步，如果这个包没有发布更新，就不管它；
如果发布了更新，就把包下载到电脑上，并安装。
apt-get update对应的就是第一步。
apt-get upgrade 与apt-get dist-upgrade对应的是第二步。
由于包与包之间存在各种依赖关系。upgrade只是简单的更新包，不管这些依赖，它不和添加包，或是删除包。而dist-upgrade可以根据依赖关系的变化，添加包，删除包。
一般在运行upgrade或dist-upgrade之间，要运行update.