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Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 specification
Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the “Internet Official Protocol Standards” (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright © The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers [47]. A feature of HTTP is the typing and negotiation of data representation, allowing systems to be built independently of the data being transferred.
HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This specification defines the protocol referred to as "HTTP/1.1", and is an update to RFC 2068 [33].

Table of Contents
1.   Introduction
1.1   Purpose
1.2   Requirements
1.3   Terminology
1.4   Overall Operation
2.   Notational Conventions and Generic Grammar
2.1   Augmented BNF
2.2   Basic Rules
3.   Protocol Parameters
3.1   HTTP Version
3.2   Uniform Resource Identifiers
3.2.1   General Syntax
3.2.2   http URL
3.2.3   URI Comparison
3.3   Date/Time Formats
3.3.1   Full Date
3.3.2   Delta Seconds
3.4   Character Sets
3.4.1   Missing Charset
3.5   Content Codings
3.6   Transfer Codings
3.6.1   Chunked Transfer Coding
3.7   Media Types
3.7.1   Canonicalization and Text Defaults
3.7.2   Multipart Types
3.8   Product Tokens
3.9   Quality Values
3.10   Language Tags
3.11   Entity Tags
3.12   Range Units
4.   HTTP Message
4.1   Message Types
4.2   Message Headers
4.3   Message Body
4.4   Message Length
4.5   General Header Fields
5.   Request
5.1   Request-Line
5.1.1   Method
5.1.2   Request-URI
5.2   The Resource Identified by a Request
5.3   Request Header Fields
6.   Response
6.1   Status-Line
6.1.1   Status Code and Reason Phrase
6.2   Response Header Fields
7.   Entity
7.1   Entity Header Fields
7.2   Entity Body
7.2.1   Type
7.2.2   Entity Length
8.   Connections
8.1   Persistent Connections
8.1.1   Purpose
8.1.2   Overall Operation
8.1.2.1   Negotiation
8.1.2.2   Pipelining
8.1.3   Proxy Servers
8.1.4   Practical Considerations
8.2   Message Transmission Requirements
8.2.1   Persistent Connections and Flow Control
8.2.2   Monitoring Connections for Error Status Messages
8.2.3   Use of the 100 (Continue) Status
8.2.4   Client Behavior if Server Prematurely Closes Connection
9.   Method Definitions
9.1   Safe and Idempotent Methods
9.1.1   Safe Methods
9.1.2   Idempotent Methods
9.2   OPTIONS
9.3   GET
9.4   HEAD
9.5   POST
9.6   PUT
9.7   DELETE
9.8   TRACE
9.9   CONNECT
10.   Status Code Definitions
10.1   Informational 1xx
10.1.1   100 Continue
10.1.2   101 Switching Protocols
10.2   Successful 2xx
10.2.1   200 OK
10.2.2   201 Created
10.2.3   202 Accepted
10.2.4   203 Non-Authoritative Information
10.2.5   204 No Content
10.2.6   205 Reset Content
10.2.7   206 Partial Content
10.3   Redirection 3xx
10.3.1   300 Multiple Choices
10.3.2   301 Moved Permanently
10.3.3   302 Found
10.3.4   303 See Other
10.3.5   304 Not Modified
10.3.6   305 Use Proxy
10.3.7   306 (Unused)
10.3.8   307 Temporary Redirect
10.4   Client Error 4xx
10.4.1   400 Bad Request
10.4.2   401 Unauthorized
10.4.3   402 Payment Required
10.4.4   403 Forbidden
10.4.5   404 Not Found
10.4.6   405 Method Not Allowed
10.4.7   406 Not Acceptable
10.4.8   407 Proxy Authentication Required
10.4.9   408 Request Timeout
10.4.10   409 Conflict
10.4.11   410 Gone
10.4.12   411 Length Required
10.4.13   412 Precondition Failed
10.4.14   413 Request Entity Too Large
10.4.15   414 Request-URI Too Long
10.4.16   415 Unsupported Media Type
10.4.17   416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
10.4.18   417 Expectation Failed
10.5   Server Error 5xx
10.5.1   500 Internal Server Error
10.5.2   501 Not Implemented
10.5.3   502 Bad Gateway
10.5.4   503 Service Unavailable
10.5.5   504 Gateway Timeout
10.5.6   505 HTTP Version Not Supported
11.   Access Authentication
12.   Content Negotiation
12.1   Server-driven Negotiation
12.2   Agent-driven Negotiation
12.3   Transparent Negotiation
13.   Caching in HTTP
13.1
13.1.1   Cache Correctness
13.1.2   Warnings
13.1.3   Cache-control Mechanisms
13.1.4   Explicit User Agent Warnings
13.1.5   Exceptions to the Rules and Warnings
13.1.6   Client-controlled Behavior
13.2   Expiration Model
13.2.1   Server-Specified Expiration
13.2.2   Heuristic Expiration
13.2.3   Age Calculations
13.2.4   Expiration Calculations
13.2.5   Disambiguating Expiration Values
13.2.6   Disambiguating Multiple Responses
13.3   Validation Model
13.3.1   Last-Modified Dates
13.3.2   Entity Tag Cache Validators
13.3.3   Weak and Strong Validators
13.3.4   Rules for When to Use Entity Tags and Last-Modified Dates
13.3.5   Non-validating Conditionals
13.4   Response Cacheability
13.5   Constructing Responses From Caches
13.5.1   End-to-end and Hop-by-hop Headers
13.5.2   Non-modifiable Headers
13.5.3   Combining Headers
13.5.4   Combining Byte Ranges
13.6   Caching Negotiated Responses
13.7   Shared and Non-Shared Caches
13.8   Errors or Incomplete Response Cache Behavior
13.9   Side Effects of GET and HEAD
13.10   Invalidation After Updates or Deletions
13.11   Write-Through Mandatory
13.12   Cache Replacement
13.13   History Lists
14.   Header Field Definitions
14.1   Accept
14.2   Accept-Charset
14.3   Accept-Encoding
14.4   Accept-Language
14.5   Accept-Ranges
14.6   Age
14.7   Allow
14.8   Authorization
14.9   Cache-Control
14.9.1   What is Cacheable
14.9.2   What May be Stored by Caches
14.9.3   Modifications of the Basic Expiration Mechanism
14.9.4   Cache Revalidation and Reload Controls
14.9.5   No-Transform Directive
14.9.6   Cache Control Extensions
14.10   Connection
14.11   Content-Encoding
14.12   Content-Language
14.13   Content-Length
14.14   Content-Location
14.15   Content-MD5
14.16   Content-Range
14.17   Content-Type
14.18   Date
14.18.1   Clockless Origin Server Operation
14.19   ETag
14.20   Expect
14.21   Expires
14.22   From
14.23   Host
14.24   If-Match
14.25   If-Modified-Since
14.26   If-None-Match
14.27   If-Range
14.28   If-Unmodified-Since
14.29   Last-Modified
14.30   Location
14.31   Max-Forwards
14.32   Pragma
14.33   Proxy-Authenticate
14.34   Proxy-Authorization
14.35   Range
14.35.1   Byte Ranges
14.35.2   Range Retrieval Requests
14.36   Referer
14.37   Retry-After
14.38   Server
14.39   TE
14.40   Trailer
14.41   Transfer-Encoding
14.42   Upgrade
14.43   User-Agent
14.44   Vary
14.45   Via
14.46   Warning
14.47   WWW-Authenticate
15.   Security Considerations
15.1   Personal Information
15.1.1   Abuse of Server Log Information
15.1.2   Transfer of Sensitive Information
15.1.3   Encoding Sensitive Information in URI's
15.1.4   Privacy Issues Connected to Accept Headers
15.2   Attacks Based On File and Path Names
15.3   DNS Spoofing
15.4   Location Headers and Spoofing
15.5   Content-Disposition Issues
15.6   Authentication Credentials and Idle Clients
15.7   Proxies and Caching
15.7.1   Denial of Service Attacks on Proxies
16.   Acknowledgments
17.   References
18.   Authors' Addresses
19.   Appendices
19.1   Internet Media Type message/http and application/http
19.2   Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges
19.3   Tolerant Applications
19.4   Differences Between HTTP Entities and RFC 2045 Entities
19.4.1   MIME-Version
19.4.2   Conversion to Canonical Form
19.4.3   Conversion of Date Formats
19.4.4   Introduction of Content-Encoding
19.4.5   No Content-Transfer-Encoding
19.4.6   Introduction of Transfer-Encoding
19.4.7   MHTML and Line Length Limitations
19.5   Additional Features
19.5.1   Content-Disposition
19.6   Compatibility with Previous Versions
19.6.1   Changes from HTTP/1.0
19.6.1.1   Changes to Simplify Multi-homed Web Servers and Conserve IP Addresses
19.6.2   Compatibility with HTTP/1.0 Persistent Connections
19.6.3   Changes from RFC 2068
20.   Index
Index
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/lexus/p/2377348.html

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