[20210225]控制文件序列号满的恢复.txt

[20210225]控制文件序列号满的恢复.txt

--//继续昨天的测试,今天主要是测试恢复.
--//我想给自己增加一点点难度,就是使用noresetlogs打开,因为这样重建的控制文件要读取redo,数据文件重新
--//回填一些信息,实际上resetlogs也类似,但是noresetlogs回填的控制文件seq很大,一样打不开数据库.
--//也就是必须提到我前面要修改的数据文件以及redo文件的几个偏移位置.

1.环境:
SCOTT@book> @ ver1
PORT_STRING                    VERSION        BANNER
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx            11.2.0.4.0     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

--//首先做一个冷备份便于重复测试:
$ cp /mnt/ramdisk/book/*.* /u01/tmp/
*/

2.首先注意要修改的位置:
$ seq 6 | xargs -IQ echo "p dba Q,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq" | rlbbed| grep kccfhcsq
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0xffffffff
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0xffffffff
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0xffffffff
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0xffffffff
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0xffffffff
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0xffffffff
--//数据文件块1的偏移40的位置.

$ seq 501 503 | xargs -IQ echo "dump /v dba Q,1 offset 36 count 8" | rlbbed | grep 00900100
 f8ffffff 00900100                                                       l ........
 fcffffff 00900100                                                       l ........
 fcffffff 00900100                                                       l ........
--//redo文件的位置.

$ echo 15,17,281,319 | tr ',' ' ' | xargs -IQ echo -e 'set dba 101,Q dump /v offset 8 count 8'  | rlbbed | grep -C2 "--"
BBED>  File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
 Block: 15                                Offsets:    8 to   15                            Dba:0x1940000f
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ffffffff ffff0104                                                       l ........

--
BBED>  File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
 Block: 17                                Offsets:    8 to   15                            Dba:0x19400011
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ffffffff ffff0104                                                       l ........

--
BBED>  File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
 Block: 281                               Offsets:    8 to   15                            Dba:0x19400119
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 85ffffff ffff0104                                                       l ........

--
BBED>  File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
 Block: 319                               Offsets:    8 to   15                            Dba:0x1940013f
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 83ffffff ffff0104                                                       l ........

--//控制文件的位置,以上内容是昨天的分析.控制文件的修改比较麻烦我重建使用noresetlogs建立,主要这样修改我不确定这样操作是否
--//会遗漏.

3.修改脚本准备:
$ seq 6 | xargs -IQ echo -e "assign dba Q,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000 sum apply dba Q,1"
assign dba 1,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 6,1

--//手工执行如上命令.如果不想手工执行,必须在第2行加上Y,这样可以通过管道执行.
$ cat aa.txt
assign dba 1,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
Y
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x77770000
sum apply dba 6,1

--//修改redo文件:
$ seq 501 503 | xargs -IQ echo -e "modify /x 77770000 dba Q,1 offset 36 sum apply dba Q,1"
modify /x 77770000 dba 501,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 501,1
modify /x 77770000 dba 502,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 502,1
modify /x 77770000 dba 503,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 503,1

--//我按照输出修改如下:
$ cat bb.txt
modify /x 17770000 dba 501,1 offset 36
Y
sum apply dba 501,1
modify /x 57770000 dba 502,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 502,1
modify /x 37777000 dba 503,1 offset 36
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
sum apply dba 503,1

--//注:下划线的地方我修改错误.

4.建立建立控制文件脚本:
--//这个过程略,在mount阶段(不能使用当前的控制文件,可以使用备份的控制文件),执行alter database backup controlfile to trace.
--//也可以手工建立:
$ cat /tmp/aa.txt
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BOOK" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
--   GROUP 4 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
--   GROUP 5 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
--   GROUP 6 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
--   GROUP 7 '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb04.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
  '/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf',
  '/mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf',
  '/mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf',
  '/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

5.开始恢复:
$ cat aa.txt | rlbbed
$ cat bb.txt | rlbbed
--//输出略.
--//检查:
$ seq 6 | xargs -IQ echo "p dba Q,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq" | rlbbed| grep kccfhcsq
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x77770000
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x77770000
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x77770000
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x77770000
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x77770000
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x77770000

$ seq 501 503 | xargs -IQ echo "dump /v dba Q,1 offset 36 count 8" | rlbbed | grep 00900100
 17770000 00900100                                                       l .w......
 57770000 00900100                                                       l Ww......
 37777000 00900100                                                       l 7wp.....
 ~~~~~~~~~~
--//这里输入错误.

--//建立控制文件.
SYS@book> @ /tmp/aa.txt
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  643084288 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255872 bytes
Variable Size             205521920 bytes
Database Buffers          427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers                7487488 bytes

Control file created.

$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl blocksize=16384
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Feb 25 09:19:00 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 614
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 29
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 585
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 2004287491 (65535.2004287491)

--//2004287491 = 0x77770003.
--//昏后面的3从哪里跑出来的,估计哪里搞错了.

BBED> dump /v   dba 101,1 Offset 40 count 8
 File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
 Block: 1                                 Offsets:   40 to   47                            Dba:0x19400001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 04007777 66020000                                                       l ..wwf...
 <32 bytes per line>

--//昏前面的修改错误.大小头问题搞晕了.bbed的修改应该是0x00007777,所以做这类恢复工作要小心小心在小心.前面的检查也没注意.
--//还有就是redo修改脚本也存在错误.

$ cat aa.txt
assign dba 1,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
Y
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 6,1

$ cat aa.txt | rlbbed
$ seq 6 | xargs -IQ echo "p dba Q,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq" | rlbbed| grep kccfhcsq
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x00007777
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x00007777
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x00007777
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x00007777
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x00007777
BBED> ub4 kccfhcsq                                @40       0x00007777

--//建立控制文件的步骤从来.
SYS@book> @ /tmp/aa.txt
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  643084288 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255872 bytes
Variable Size             205521920 bytes
Database Buffers          427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers                7487488 bytes
Control file created.

$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl blocksize=16384
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Feb 25 09:28:18 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 614
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 29
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 585
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 7370554 (65535.7370554)
--//7370554 = 0x70773a

BBED> dump /v   dba 101,1 Offset 40 count 8
 File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl (101)
 Block: 1                                 Offsets:   40 to   47                            Dba:0x19400001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3b777000 66020000                                                       l ;wp.f...
 <32 bytes per line>

--//先不管它,.看看是否可以open.
--//昏事后仔细检查我前面的脚本写成如下:
modify /x 37777000 dba 503,1 offset 36
--//多写了一个7.颠倒就是0x00707737 = 7370551,这样比较接近了.

SYS@book> alter database open ;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf'

SYS@book> recover database ;
Media recovery complete.

SYS@book> alter database open ;
Database altered.

SYS@book> select  CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE# from v$database;
CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#
---------------------
              7370584

--//OK恢复成功.

5.重来:
--//从冷备份恢复.
SYS@book> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

$ /bin/cp  /u01/tmp/* /mnt/ramdisk/book/
*/

$ cat aa.txt
assign dba 1,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
Y
sum apply dba 1,1
assign dba 2,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 2,1
assign dba 3,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 3,1
assign dba 4,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 4,1
assign dba 5,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 5,1
assign dba 6,1  kcvfh.kcvfhhdr.kccfhcsq=0x00007777
sum apply dba 6,1

$ cat bb.txt
modify /x 17770000 dba 501,1 offset 36
Y
sum apply dba 501,1
modify /x 57770000 dba 502,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 502,1
modify /x 37770000 dba 503,1 offset 36
sum apply dba 503,1

--//其它步骤忽略.

$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl blocksize=16384 2>&1 | grep Highest
Highest block SCN            : 30586 (65535.30586)

--//30586 = 0x777a,这样与我的测试接近了.

SYS@book> alter database open ;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf'

SYS@book> recover database ;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@book> alter database open ;

Database altered.

SYS@book> select  CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE# from v$database;
CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#
---------------------
                30616

--//30616= 0x7798.
RMAN> list incarnation ;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       1       BOOK     1337401710       CURRENT 925702     2015-11-24 09:11:12

--//没有生成新的incarnation

6.收尾:
--//执行如下,里面的脚本选择性执行:
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 2
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('DEVICE TYPE','DISK PARALLELISM 3 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO','DISK');
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book/1_1_824297850.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book/1_1_896605872.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf' REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--
--
----------------------------------------------------------
-- The following script can be used on the standby database
-- to re-populate entries for a standby controlfile created
-- on the primary and copied to the standby site.
----------------------------------------------------------
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb01.log'
 SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb02.log'
 SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb03.log'
 SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb04.log'
 SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE;

7.总结:
--//有点乱,但是记录我整个操作过程.我之所以这样写,便于以后回忆总结,也避免一些低级错误.
--//建议遇到这类文件选择重建控制文件选择resetlogs,不建议像我这样操作,我自不过当作练刀过程.

8.补充说明:
--//前面我提到的rlbbed我建立的bash shell函数,你可以使用别名代替,效果一样的.
$ export RLWRAP=$(which rlwrap)
$ type rlbbed
rlbbed is a function
rlbbed ()
{
    cd /home/oracle/bbed;
    $RLWRAP -s 9999 -c -r -i -f /usr/local/share/rlwrap/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed parfile=bbed.par cmdfile=cmd.par
}

--//关于bbed配置看相关文档.
$ cat cmd.par
set count 64
set width 160

$ cat bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=$HOME/bbed/filelist.txt
mode=edit
PASSWORD=blockedit
SPOOL=Y

--//filelist.txt文件通过select file#||' '||name c100 from v$dbfile order by file#;生成.我增加了控制文件以及redo文件.
--//还有临时文件.
$ cat filelist.txt  | grep -v "#"
4 /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf
1 /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
2 /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf
3 /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf
5 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
6 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf

101 /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl
102 /mnt/ramdisk/book/control02.ctl

201 /mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf

501 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redo01.log
502 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redo02.log
503 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redo03.log
504 /mnt/ramdisk/book/redostb01.log