计算器(图形界面)

功能介绍

绘制出图形界面，支持鼠标点击实现四则运算(可带括号),同时具有清零和撤回操作。另外一种模式，可以绘制一些特定的函数图像。

代码实现

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<math.h>

#define PI 3.1415926
#define N 100

typedef struct
{
    char data[N][N];
    int top;

}stack;

typedef struct figure
{
    char x[N];
}figure;

const int max = 100;
int q;                  //定义一个全局变量，用来计数结构体数组的数量；
int count = 0;
char str[N] = { '0' };          //字符数组赋初始值；
figure st[N];
char suffix[N][N] = { '0' };
stack sta;
int select_;  //用户选择


void gotoxy(int x, int y);
void hidecursor();
void introduce();
void calcul_memu();
void mouse_imfor();
void clear_cal();
void chuli(char ch[], struct figure a[]);
void init(stack *sta);
void suffixtoresult(stack *sta, char suffix[][N], int length);
void inffixtosuffix(stack *sta, struct figure *a, char suffix[][N], int *length);

void image_menu();

void function1();
void function2();
void function3();
void function4();
void function5();
void function6();
void function7();
void function8();
void function9();
void function10();
void creatCoordinate();

int main()
{
    introduce();
    switch (select_)
    {
    case 1:
    {
        initgraph(480, 600);     //设置窗口的大小；
        setbkcolor(BLACK);      //设置背景色为黑色；
        cleardevice();          //用背景色来清空屏幕；
        calcul_memu();
        mouse_imfor();
        closegraph();
        break;
    }
    case 2:
    {
        image_menu();
        break;
    }
    default:
        break;
    }
}
void gotoxy(int x, int y)//函数gotoxy:定义光标位置
{
    COORD coord;//坐标系coord 
    HANDLE handle;

    coord.X = x;//横坐标X 
    coord.Y = y;//纵坐标 y
    handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, coord);
}//end gotoxy 

void hidecursor()//函数hidecursor：隐藏光标
{
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO curinfo;
    HANDLE Out;

    Out = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    curinfo.dwSize = 1;//光标百分比厚度：1~100
    curinfo.bVisible = 0;//是否可见
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(Out, &curinfo);
} //end hidecursor 

//打印欢迎界面
void introduce()
{
    int i;
    HANDLE consolehwnd;//创建句柄
    consolehwnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleTextAttribute(consolehwnd, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
    //设置为亮白色 

    for (i = 14; i < 39; i++)
    {
        gotoxy(i * 2, 4);
        printf("■");
    }

    for (i = 5; i < 20; i++)
    {
        gotoxy(28, i);
        printf("■");
        gotoxy(76, i);
        printf("■");
    }

    gotoxy(45, 5);
    printf("欢迎来到计算器!");

    for (i = 15; i < 38; i++)
    {
        gotoxy(i * 2, 6);
        printf("■");
    }

    gotoxy(45, 7);
    printf("计算器控制台");

    for (i = 15; i < 38; i++)
    {
        gotoxy(i * 2, 8);
        printf("■");
    }

    gotoxy(35, 9);
    printf("1.计算 实现加减乘除运算（支持括号）");

    gotoxy(37, 10);
    printf("按'C'清屏，按'>'撤退一个");

    gotoxy(35, 11);
    printf("2.画图 基本函数类型");
    gotoxy(37, 12);
    printf("按右键退出");
    gotoxy(35, 13);
    printf("3.开始使用 按1进入计算，按2进入画图");
    gotoxy(37, 14);
    printf("按0退出");


    for (i = 15; i < 38; i++)
    {
        gotoxy(i * 2, 17);
        printf("■");
    }

    for (i = 14; i < 39; i++)
    {
        gotoxy(i * 2, 20);
        printf("■");
    }

    gotoxy(51, 19);
    scanf_s("%d", &select_);
    fflush(stdin);

    getchar();
    system("cls");
}

//打印计算器界面
void calcul_memu()
{
    setfillcolor(BLACK);
    solidrectangle(0, 100, 480, 600);

    setcolor(DARKGRAY);
    line(0, 100, 480, 100);
    line(0, 200, 480, 200);
    line(0, 300, 480, 300);
    line(0, 400, 480, 400);
    line(0, 500, 480, 500);
    line(120, 100, 120, 600);
    line(240, 100, 240, 600);
    line(360, 100, 360, 600);

    settextstyle(60, 60, _T("宋体"));
    outtextxy(30, 120, _T("("));
    outtextxy(150, 120, _T(")"));
    outtextxy(390, 120, _T("+"));
    outtextxy(30, 220, _T("7"));
    outtextxy(150, 220, _T("8"));
    outtextxy(270, 220, _T("9"));
    outtextxy(390, 220, _T("-"));
    outtextxy(30, 320, _T("4"));
    outtextxy(150, 320, _T("5"));
    outtextxy(270, 320, _T("6"));
    outtextxy(390, 320, _T("*"));
    outtextxy(30, 420, _T("1"));
    outtextxy(150, 420, _T("2"));
    outtextxy(270, 420, _T("3"));
    outtextxy(390, 420, _T("/"));
    outtextxy(30, 520, _T("."));
    outtextxy(150, 520, _T("0"));
    outtextxy(390, 520, _T("="));
    outtextxy(260, 120, _T("<"));
    outtextxy(270, 520, _T("C"));
}

//处理鼠标消息
void mouse_imfor()
{
    int length = 0;
    int i = -1;
    int go = 0;
    for (int a = 0; a < N; a++)
        strcpy(st[i].x, "0");
    MOUSEMSG m;
    while (go == 0)
    {
        setcolor(DARKGRAY);
        settextstyle(60, 20, _T("宋体"));
        m = GetMouseMsg();
        switch (m.uMsg)
        {
        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
            if (m.x > 0 && m.x < 120 && m.y>100 && m.y < 200)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '(';
            }
            if (m.x > 120 && m.x < 240 && m.y>100 && m.y < 200)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = ')';
            }
            if (m.x > 240 && m.x < 360 && m.y>100 && m.y < 200)
            {
                i--;
                count--;
                outtextxy(460 - i * 20, 20, _T(str));
                outtextxy(460 - (i + 1) * 20, 20, _T(" "));     //按'<'键清除后一个，往后退；
            }
            if (m.x > 360 && m.x < 480 && m.y>100 && m.y < 200)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '+';
            }
            if (m.x > 0 && m.x < 120 && m.y>200 && m.y < 300)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '7';
            }
            if (m.x > 120 && m.x < 240 && m.y>200 && m.y < 300)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '8';
            }
            if (m.x > 240 && m.x < 360 && m.y>200 && m.y < 300)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '9';
            }
            if (m.x > 360 && m.x < 480 && m.y>200 && m.y < 300)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '-';
            }
            if (m.x > 0 && m.x < 120 && m.y>300 && m.y < 400)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '4';
            }
            if (m.x > 120 && m.x < 240 && m.y>300 && m.y < 400)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '5';
            }
            if (m.x > 240 && m.x < 360 && m.y>300 && m.y < 400)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '6';
            }
            if (m.x > 360 && m.x < 480 && m.y>300 && m.y < 400)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '*';
            }
            if (m.x > 0 && m.x < 120 && m.y>400 && m.y < 500)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '1';
            }
            if (m.x > 120 && m.x < 240 && m.y>400 && m.y < 500)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '2';
            }
            if (m.x > 240 && m.x < 360 && m.y>400 && m.y < 500)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '3';
            }
            if (m.x > 360 && m.x < 480 && m.y>400 && m.y < 500)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '/';
            }
            if (m.x > 0 && m.x < 120 && m.y>500 && m.y < 600)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '.';
            }
            if (m.x > 120 && m.x < 240 && m.y>500 && m.y < 600)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '0';
            }
            outtextxy(460 - i * 20, 20, _T(str));
            if (m.x > 240 && m.x < 360 && m.y>500 && m.y < 600)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = 'C';
            }
            str[i + 1] = '';
            if (m.x > 360 && m.x < 480 && m.y>500 && m.y < 600)
            {
                ++i; count++;
                str[i] = '=';
                str[i + 1] = '';
            }

            Sleep(100); // 延时，降低 CPU 占用率
            break;
        case WM_RBUTTONUP:
            go = 1;
            break;
        }
        if (str[i] == 'C' || str[i] == '=')
            break;
    } //一次输入结束

    if (str[i] == 'C')
    {
        setbkcolor(BLACK);
        cleardevice();
        calcul_memu();
        mouse_imfor();
    }//按'C'键清空界面；
    else if (str[i] == '=')
    {
        chuli(str, st);
        init(&sta);
        inffixtosuffix(&sta, st, suffix, &length);
        setbkcolor(BLACK);
        cleardevice();
        calcul_memu();
        init(&sta);
        suffixtoresult(&sta, suffix, length);

        go = 0;
        while (go == 0)
        {
            m = GetMouseMsg();
            switch (m.uMsg)
            {
            case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
                if (m.x > 240 && m.x < 360 && m.y>500 && m.y < 600)
                {
                    str[i] = 'C';
                }
                str[i + 1] = '';
                break;
            case WM_RBUTTONUP:
                go = 1;

                break;
            }
            if (str[i] == 'C')
                break;
        }
        if (str[i] == 'C')
        {
            setbkcolor(BLACK);
            cleardevice();
            calcul_memu();
            mouse_imfor();
        }
    }

}

void clear_cal()
{
    setbkcolor(BLACK);
    calcul_memu();
}//初始化界面;

//处理输入的算术表达式
void chuli(char ch[], struct figure a[])
{
    q = 0;
    int m = 0, j;
    char asd[15] = { '0' };
    while (m < count)
    {
        j = 0;
        if (ch[m] == '=')
            break;
        if (ch[m] == '(' || ch[m] == ')')
        {
            asd[j] = ch[m];
            asd[j + 1] = '';
            m++;
            strcpy_s(a[q].x, asd);
            q++;
            continue;
        }
        if (ch[m] == '+' || ch[m] == '-')
        {
            if (ch[m - 1] == '+' || ch[m - 1] == '-' || ch[m - 1] == '*' || ch[m - 1] == '/' || m == 0 || ch[m] == '(')
            {
                asd[j] = ch[m];
                m++;
                j++;
                while (ch[m] != '+'&&ch[m] != '-'&&ch[m] != '*'&&ch[m] != '/'&&ch[m] != ')')
                {
                    asd[j] = ch[m];
                    j++;
                    m++;
                }
                asd[j] = '';
                strcpy_s(a[q].x, asd);
                q++;
            }
            else
            {
                asd[j] = ch[m];
                asd[j + 1] = '';
                m++;
                strcpy_s(a[q].x, asd);
                q++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (ch[m] == '*' || ch[m] == '/')
        {
            asd[j] = ch[m];
            asd[j + 1] = '';
            m++;
            strcpy_s(a[q].x, asd);
            q++;
            continue;
        }
        if (ch[m] != '+'&&ch[m] != '-'&&ch[m] != '*'&&ch[m] != '/'&&ch[m] != '('&&ch[m] != ')')
        {
            while (ch[m] != '+'&&ch[m] != '-'&&ch[m] != '*'&&ch[m] != '/'&&ch[m] != '('&&ch[m] != ')'&&ch[m] != '=')
            {
                asd[j] = ch[m];
                j++;
                m++;
            }
            asd[j] = '';
            strcpy_s(a[q].x, asd);
            q++;
            continue;
        }
    }
}//将字符串分割出来；

void init(stack *sta)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
        strcpy_s(sta->data[i], "0");

    sta->top = -1;
}//初始化栈；

//中缀表达式变为后缀表达式
void inffixtosuffix(stack *sta, struct figure *a, char suffix[][N], int *length)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < q;)
    {
        if (strcmp(a[i].x, "(") == 0)
        {
            sta->top++;
            strcpy_s(sta->data[sta->top], a[i].x);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(a[i].x, ")") == 0)
        {
            while (strcmp(sta->data[sta->top], "(") != 0 && sta->top != -1)
            {
                strcpy_s(suffix[j], sta->data[sta->top]);
                sta->top--;
                j++;
            }
            strcpy_s(sta->data[sta->top], "0");
            i++;
            sta->top--;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(a[i].x, "=") == 0)
        {
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(a[i].x, "+") == 0 || strcmp(a[i].x, "-") == 0)
        {
            while (strcmp(sta->data[sta->top], "(") != 0 && sta->top != -1)
            {
                strcpy_s(suffix[j], sta->data[sta->top]);
                sta->top--;
                j++;
            }
            sta->top++;
            strcpy_s(sta->data[sta->top], a[i].x);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(a[i].x, "*") == 0 || strcmp(a[i].x, "/") == 0)
        {
            while (strcmp(sta->data[sta->top], "(") != 0 && sta->top != -1 && strcmp(sta->data[sta->top], "+") != 0 && strcmp(sta->data[sta->top], "-") != 0)
            {
                strcpy_s(suffix[j], sta->data[sta->top]);
                sta->top--;
                j++;
            }
            sta->top++;
            strcpy_s(sta->data[sta->top], a[i].x);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            strcpy_s(suffix[j], a[i].x);
            j++;
            i++;
            continue;
        }
    }
    while (sta->top != -1)
    {
        strcpy_s(suffix[j], sta->data[sta->top]);
        sta->top--;
        j++;
    }
    *length = j;

}

//计算出后缀表达式的值
void suffixtoresult(stack *sta, char suffix[][N], int length)
{
    int i = 0;
    double result = 0;
    while (i < length)
    {
        if (strcmp(suffix[i], "+") == 0)
        {
            printf("

sta=%s

", sta->data[sta->top]);
            printf("

sta=%s

", sta->data[sta->top - 1]);

            result = atof(sta->data[sta->top - 1]) + atof(sta->data[sta->top]);
            sta->top--;
            sprintf(sta->data[sta->top], "%.5lf", result);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(suffix[i], "-") == 0)
        {
            result = atof(sta->data[sta->top - 1]) - atof(sta->data[sta->top]);
            sta->top--;
            sprintf(sta->data[sta->top], "%.8lf", result);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(suffix[i], "*") == 0)
        {
            result = atof(sta->data[sta->top - 1])*atof(sta->data[sta->top]);
            sta->top--;
            sprintf(sta->data[sta->top], "%.8lf", result);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else if (strcmp(suffix[i], "/") == 0)
        {
            result = atof(sta->data[sta->top - 1]) / atof(sta->data[sta->top]);
            sta->top--;
            sprintf(sta->data[sta->top], "%.8lf", result);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            sta->top++;
            strcpy_s(sta->data[sta->top], suffix[i]);
            i++;
            continue;
        }
    }

    setcolor(DARKGRAY);
    settextstyle(60, 20, _T("宋体"));
    if (sta->top == 0)
        outtextxy(480 - strlen(sta->data[sta->top]) * 20, 20, _T(sta->data[sta->top]));
    else if (sta->top != 0)
        outtextxy(190, 20, _T("ERROR"));
}

//画图菜单界面
void image_menu()
{
    int serial_number, select, marker = 0;
    printf("1.一次函数
");
    printf("2.二次函数
");
    printf("3.三角函数
");
    printf("4.幂函数
");
    printf("5.指数函数
");
    printf("6.对数函数
");
    printf("7.圆锥曲线
");
    printf("8.阿基米德螺线
");
    printf("9.心形线
");
    printf("10.玫瑰曲线
");
    printf("0.退出
");
    do
    {
        fflush(stdin);
        printf("Please input serial number:");
        scanf_s("%d", &serial_number);


    } while (serial_number < 0 && serial_number>10);

    switch (serial_number)
    {
    case 0:
        break;
    case 1:
        function1();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 2:
        function2();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 3:
        function3();
        marker = 1;
        break;

    case 4:
        function4();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 5:
        function5();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 6:
        function6();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 7:
        function7();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 8:
        function8();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 9:
        function9();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    case 10:
        function10();
        marker = 1;
        break;
    }

    if (marker == 1)
    {
        printf("是否继续画图？
1.是  0.否");
        scanf_s("%d", &select);
        if (select == 1)
        {
            marker = 0;
            image_menu();
        }
    }
}

//建立坐标系
void creatCoordinate()
{
    //setbkcolor(WHITE);
    initgraph(600, 600);
    setorigin(300, 300);

    setlinecolor(RED);
    line(-300, 0, 300, 0);
    line(0, -300, 0, 300);
    settextcolor(RED);
    settextstyle(30, 20, _T("宋体"));
    outtextxy(280, 5, _T("x"));
    outtextxy(5, -300, _T("y"));
    setaspectratio(1, -1);
}

//function1~10是十个画图函数
void function1()
{
    float k, b, x, y;
    printf("Please input k and b(y=k*x+b) :");
    scanf_s("%f%f", &k, &b);
    fflush(stdin);

    float sin = k / sqrt(k*k + 1);
    float cos = 1 / sqrt(k*k + 1);

    creatCoordinate();

    for (double t = -300; t < 300; t = t + 0.001)
    {
        x = (int)(t * cos);
        y = (int)(t * sin + b);
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }
    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();

}

void function2()
{
    double x0, y0, a0;
    int x, y, k = 10;    //k为放大比例
    printf("请输入定点坐标X0,Y0:");
    scanf_s("%lf%lf", &x0, &y0);
    printf("
请输入二次项系数：");
    scanf_s("%lf", &a0);
    fflush(stdin);

    creatCoordinate();
    for (double t = -300; t < 300; t = t + 0.001)
    {
        x = (int)(k*x0 + k * t);
        y = (int)(y0 + a0 * t*t);
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }
    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}


void function3()
{
    double a, b, m, n;
    int x, y, k = 10;
    printf("绘制三角函数图像(y=asin(mx)+bcos(nx))");
    printf("请输入a,b,m,n");
    scanf_s("%lf%lf%lf%lf", &a, &b, &m, &n);
    fflush(stdin);
    creatCoordinate();

    for (double i = -10 * PI; i < 10 * PI; i = i + 0.001)
    {
        y = (int)(k*a*sin(m*i) + k * b * cos(n*i));
        x = (int)k*i;
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }

    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}

void function4()
{
    double a;
    int x, y, k = 10;
    printf("绘制幂函数图像(y=Xa");
    printf("请输入a");
    scanf_s("%lf", &a);
    creatCoordinate();

    for (double i = -300; i < 300; i = i + 0.001)
    {
        x = (int)(k*i);
        y = (int)pow(i, a);
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }

    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}

void function5()
{
    double a;
    int x, y, k = 10;
    printf("绘制指数函数图像(y=aX(a>0且a!=1)");
    printf("请输入a");
    scanf_s("%lf", &a);
    fflush(stdin);
    creatCoordinate();

    for (double i = -300; i < 300; i = i + 0.001)
    {
        x = (int)(k*i);
        y = (int)(pow(a, i));
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }

    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}

void function6()
{
    double a, b, c, d;
    int x, y;
    printf("绘制对数函数图像(y=alogb(c+dx)");
    printf("请输入a,b,c,d(b>0)");
    scanf_s("%lf%lf%lf%lf", &a, &b, &c, &d);
    fflush(stdin);
    creatCoordinate();

    for (double i = -c / d + 0.1; i < 300; i = i + 0.001)
    {
        x = (int)i;
        y = (int)(a * log(c + d * i) / log(b));
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }

    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}
void function7()
{

    int x, y;
    double e, p;  //e为离心率，p为焦准距
    printf("请输入离心率e,焦准距p");
    scanf_s("%lf%lf", &e, &p);
    fflush(stdin);
    double k = 50;    //调节图形大小

    creatCoordinate();
    for (double i = 0; i < 2 * PI; i += 2 * PI / 3600)
    {
        x = k * e*p / (1 - e * cos(i))*cos(i);
        y = k * e*p / (1 - e * cos(i))*sin(i);
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }

    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}

void function8()
{
    creatCoordinate();

    int x, y, k = 10;
    int a = 1, b = 5;
    for (double i = 0; i < 6 * PI; i = i + 2 * PI / 360)
    {
        x = (int)k*(a + b * i)*cos(i);
        y = -(int)k*(a + b * i)*sin(i);
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }
    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}
void function9()
{
    creatCoordinate();

    int x, y;
    double a = 100;
    for (double i = 0; i < 2 * PI; i = i + 2 * PI / 720)
    {
        x = (int)a * (1 + sin(i))*cos(i);
        y = -(int)a * (1 + sin(i))*sin(i);
        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }
    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}

void function10()
{
    creatCoordinate();
    int x, y, a = 200, k = 4;

    for (double i = 0; i < 4 * PI; i = i + 2 * PI / 3600)
    {
        x = (int)a * sin(PI* i)*cos(i);
        y = (int)a * sin(PI* i)*sin(i);

        putpixel(x, y, RED);
    }
    getchar();
    getchar();
    closegraph();
}

注意

本人使用的是VS2017，上面的代码直接粘贴过去大概率跑不起来，需要做一点修改：

1、若提示graphics.h不存在，需要先安装EasyX图形库

2、报错“Lsta、Lstr: 为声明的标识符”,需要在项目属性中将字符集从Unicode改成多字节字符集

3、sprintf等报错，需要在项目属性中关掉SDL检查