C++中获取汉字拼音首字缩写/全拼及生僻字的处理

　　最近一直在修改关于搜索不到生僻字的问题，最后得出结论：对生僻字的处理，办法只有一个，建立一个字库，然后查表找。

　　可以参考一下：http://download.csdn.net/detail/lshlwy/8920047，枚举了两万多的汉字和拼音音调，直接去搜就好了。

1、关于生僻字的处理，加载一个汉字库，然后库中查找。（仅适用于生僻字，频繁查询字库文件，会非常的慢）对于这种循环查询的方法，可能会把程序变慢，匹配度一般。

 1 　　　　　　　 bool existFlag = false;
 2             if (firstPY.Find(strLowName) == -1 && util::existChinese(util::cStringToString(firstPY, CP_ACP)))//判断获得的首字拼音中是否还存在汉字，如果存在，说明有生僻字。
 3             {
 4                 std::vector<std::string>  specialCharaterPy;
 5                 module::getMiscModule()->GetSentencePinyin(util::cStringToString(RealName, CP_ACP), specialCharaterPy);//这里是查找汉字库，返回全拼。
 6                 CString Namepy;
 7                 Namepy = util::stringToCString(specialCharaterPy.at(0));
 8                 int  count = 0;
 9                 int  findPos = 0;
10                 int  startPos = 0;
11                 for (int i = 0; i < sShortName.GetLength(); i++)
12                 {
13                     findPos = Namepy.Find(sShortName[i], startPos); 
14                     if (findPos == -1)
15                     {
16                         break;
17                     }
18                     else
19                     {
20                         count++;
21                         startPos = findPos + 1;//从查找到位置后+1继续寻找
22                     }
23                 }
24                 if (count != 0 && count == sShortName.GetLength())
25                 {
26                     existFlag = true;
27                 }
28             }

　2.生僻字的存储跟普通的汉子有所区别，贴一个找到汉字拼音缩写的代码（无法查找到生僻字，生僻字的两个一个大于160，一个小于160，会返回原汉字）。

std::string FirstLett(const char* strChs)
{
    static int li_SecPosValue[] = {
        1601, 1637, 1833, 2078, 2274, 2302, 2433, 2594, 2787, 3106, 3212,
        3472, 3635, 3722, 3730, 3858, 4027, 4086, 4390, 4558, 4684, 4925, 5249
    };
    static char* lc_FirstLetter[] = {
        "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o",
        "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "w", "x", "y", "z"
    };
    static char* ls_SecondSecTable =
        "CJWGNSPGCGNE[Y[BTYYZDXYKYGT[JNNJQMBSGZSCYJSYY[PGKBZGY[YWJKGKLJYWKPJQHY[W[DZLSGMRYPYWWCCKZNKYYGTTNJJNYKKZYTCJNMCYLQLYPYQFQRPZSLWBTGKJFYXJWZLTBNCXJJJJTXDTTSQZYCDXXHGCK[PHFFSS[YBGXLPPBYLL[HLXS[ZM[JHSOJNGHDZQYKLGJHSGQZHXQGKEZZWYSCSCJXYEYXADZPMDSSMZJZQJYZC[J[WQJBYZPXGZNZCPWHKXHQKMWFBPBYDTJZZKQHY"
        "LYGXFPTYJYYZPSZLFCHMQSHGMXXSXJ[[DCSBBQBEFSJYHXWGZKPYLQBGLDLCCTNMAYDDKSSNGYCSGXLYZAYBNPTSDKDYLHGYMYLCXPY[JNDQJWXQXFYYFJLEJPZRXCCQWQQSBNKYMGPLBMJRQCFLNYMYQMSQYRBCJTHZTQFRXQHXMJJCJLXQGJMSHZKBSWYEMYLTXFSYDSWLYCJQXSJNQBSCTYHBFTDCYZDJWYGHQFRXWCKQKXEBPTLPXJZSRMEBWHJLBJSLYYSMDXLCLQKXLHXJRZJMFQHXHWY"
        "WSBHTRXXGLHQHFNM[YKLDYXZPYLGG[MTCFPAJJZYLJTYANJGBJPLQGDZYQYAXBKYSECJSZNSLYZHSXLZCGHPXZHZNYTDSBCJKDLZAYFMYDLEBBGQYZKXGLDNDNYSKJSHDLYXBCGHXYPKDJMMZNGMMCLGWZSZXZJFZNMLZZTHCSYDBDLLSCDDNLKJYKJSYCJLKWHQASDKNHCSGANHDAASHTCPLCPQYBSDMPJLPZJOQLCDHJJYSPRCHN[NNLHLYYQYHWZPTCZGWWMZFFJQQQQYXACLBHKDJXDGMMY"
        "DJXZLLSYGXGKJRYWZWYCLZMSSJZLDBYD[FCXYHLXCHYZJQ[[QAGMNYXPFRKSSBJLYXYSYGLNSCMHZWWMNZJJLXXHCHSY[[TTXRYCYXBYHCSMXJSZNPWGPXXTAYBGAJCXLY[DCCWZOCWKCCSBNHCPDYZNFCYYTYCKXKYBSQKKYTQQXFCWCHCYKELZQBSQYJQCCLMTHSYWHMKTLKJLYCXWHEQQHTQH[PQ[QSCFYMNDMGBWHWLGSLLYSDLMLXPTHMJHWLJZYHZJXHTXJLHXRSWLWZJCBXMHZQXSDZP"
        "MGFCSGLSXYMJSHXPJXWMYQKSMYPLRTHBXFTPMHYXLCHLHLZYLXGSSSSTCLSLDCLRPBHZHXYYFHB[GDMYCNQQWLQHJJ[YWJZYEJJDHPBLQXTQKWHLCHQXAGTLXLJXMSL[HTZKZJECXJCJNMFBY[SFYWYBJZGNYSDZSQYRSLJPCLPWXSDWEJBJCBCNAYTWGMPAPCLYQPCLZXSBNMSGGFNZJJBZSFZYNDXHPLQKZCZWALSBCCJX[YZGWKYPSGXFZFCDKHJGXDLQFSGDSLQWZKXTMHSBGZMJZRGLYJB"
        "PMLMSXLZJQQHZYJCZYDJWBMYKLDDPMJEGXYHYLXHLQYQHKYCWCJMYYXNATJHYCCXZPCQLBZWWYTWBQCMLPMYRJCCCXFPZNZZLJPLXXYZTZLGDLDCKLYRZZGQTGJHHGJLJAXFGFJZSLCFDQZLCLGJDJCSNZLLJPJQDCCLCJXMYZFTSXGCGSBRZXJQQCTZHGYQTJQQLZXJYLYLBCYAMCSTYLPDJBYREGKLZYZHLYSZQLZNWCZCLLWJQJJJKDGJZOLBBZPPGLGHTGZXYGHZMYCNQSYCYHBHGXKAMTX"
        "YXNBSKYZZGJZLQJDFCJXDYGJQJJPMGWGJJJPKQSBGBMMCJSSCLPQPDXCDYYKY[CJDDYYGYWRHJRTGZNYQLDKLJSZZGZQZJGDYKSHPZMTLCPWNJAFYZDJCNMWESCYGLBTZCGMSSLLYXQSXSBSJSBBSGGHFJLYPMZJNLYYWDQSHZXTYYWHMZYHYWDBXBTLMSYYYFSXJC[DXXLHJHF[SXZQHFZMZCZTQCXZXRTTDJHNNYZQQMNQDMMG[YDXMJGDHCDYZBFFALLZTDLTFXMXQZDNGWQDBDCZJDXBZGS"
        "QQDDJCMBKZFFXMKDMDSYYSZCMLJDSYNSBRSKMKMPCKLGDBQTFZSWTFGGLYPLLJZHGJ[GYPZLTCSMCNBTJBQFKTHBYZGKPBBYMTDSSXTBNPDKLEYCJNYDDYKZDDHQHSDZSCTARLLTKZLGECLLKJLQJAQNBDKKGHPJTZQKSECSHALQFMMGJNLYJBBTMLYZXDCJPLDLPCQDHZYCBZSCZBZMSLJFLKRZJSNFRGJHXPDHYJYBZGDLQCSEZGXLBLGYXTWMABCHECMWYJYZLLJJYHLG[DJLSLYGKDZPZXJ"
        "YYZLWCXSZFGWYYDLYHCLJSCMBJHBLYZLYCBLYDPDQYSXQZBYTDKYXJY[CNRJMPDJGKLCLJBCTBJDDBBLBLCZQRPPXJCJLZCSHLTOLJNMDDDLNGKAQHQHJGYKHEZNMSHRP[QQJCHGMFPRXHJGDYCHGHLYRZQLCYQJNZSQTKQJYMSZSWLCFQQQXYFGGYPTQWLMCRNFKKFSYYLQBMQAMMMYXCTPSHCPTXXZZSMPHPSHMCLMLDQFYQXSZYYDYJZZHQPDSZGLSTJBCKBXYQZJSGPSXQZQZRQTBDKYXZK"
        "HHGFLBCSMDLDGDZDBLZYYCXNNCSYBZBFGLZZXSWMSCCMQNJQSBDQSJTXXMBLTXZCLZSHZCXRQJGJYLXZFJPHYMZQQYDFQJJLZZNZJCDGZYGCTXMZYSCTLKPHTXHTLBJXJLXSCDQXCBBTJFQZFSLTJBTKQBXXJJLJCHCZDBZJDCZJDCPRNPQCJPFCZLCLZXZDMXMPHJSGZGSZZQLYLWTJPFSYASMCJBTZKYCWMYTCSJJLJCQLWZMALBXYFBPNLSFHTGJWEJJXXGLLJSTGSHJQLZFKCGNNNSZFDEQ"
        "FHBSAQTGYLBXMMYGSZLDYDQMJJRGBJTKGDHGKBLQKBDMBYLXWCXYTTYBKMRTJZXQJBHLMHMJJZMQASLDCYXYQDLQCAFYWYXQHZ";
    std::string result;
    int H = 0;
    int L = 0;
    int W = 0;
    UINT stringlen = strlen(strChs);
    for (UINT i = 0; i < stringlen; i++) {
        H = (UCHAR)(strChs[i + 0]);
        L = (UCHAR)(strChs[i + 1]);
        if (H < 0xA1 || L < 0xA1) { //这里出现生僻字问题
            result += strChs[i];
            continue;
        }
        else {
            W = (H - 160) * 100 + L - 160;
        }
        if (W > 1600 && W < 5590) {
            for (int j = 22; j >= 0; j--) {
                if (W >= li_SecPosValue[j]) {
                    result += lc_FirstLetter[j];
                    i++;
                    break;
                }
            }
            continue;
        }
        else {
            i++;
            W = (H - 160 - 56) * 94 + L - 161;
            if (W >= 0 && W <= 3007)
                result += ls_SecondSecTable[W];
            else {
                result += (char)H;
                result += (char)L;
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}

3.获取到汉字全拼的方法代码：（对于生僻字无法处理）

char* ChineseToPyt(wchar_t* chrstr)
{
    const  int pyvalue[] = { -20319, -20317, -20304, -20295, -20292, -20283, -20265, -20257, -20242, -20230, -20051, -20036, -20032, -20026,
        -20002, -19990, -19986, -19982, -19976, -19805, -19784, -19775, -19774, -19763, -19756, -19751, -19746, -19741, -19739, -19728,
        -19725, -19715, -19540, -19531, -19525, -19515, -19500, -19484, -19479, -19467, -19289, -19288, -19281, -19275, -19270, -19263,
        -19261, -19249, -19243, -19242, -19238, -19235, -19227, -19224, -19218, -19212, -19038, -19023, -19018, -19006, -19003, -18996,
        -18977, -18961, -18952, -18783, -18774, -18773, -18763, -18756, -18741, -18735, -18731, -18722, -18710, -18697, -18696, -18526,
        -18518, -18501, -18490, -18478, -18463, -18448, -18447, -18446, -18239, -18237, -18231, -18220, -18211, -18201, -18184, -18183,
        -18181, -18012, -17997, -17988, -17970, -17964, -17961, -17950, -17947, -17931, -17928, -17922, -17759, -17752, -17733, -17730,
        -17721, -17703, -17701, -17697, -17692, -17683, -17676, -17496, -17487, -17482, -17468, -17454, -17433, -17427, -17417, -17202,
        -17185, -16983, -16970, -16942, -16915, -16733, -16708, -16706, -16689, -16664, -16657, -16647, -16474, -16470, -16465, -16459,
        -16452, -16448, -16433, -16429, -16427, -16423, -16419, -16412, -16407, -16403, -16401, -16393, -16220, -16216, -16212, -16205,
        -16202, -16187, -16180, -16171, -16169, -16158, -16155, -15959, -15958, -15944, -15933, -15920, -15915, -15903, -15889, -15878,
        -15707, -15701, -15681, -15667, -15661, -15659, -15652, -15640, -15631, -15625, -15454, -15448, -15436, -15435, -15419, -15416,
        -15408, -15394, -15385, -15377, -15375, -15369, -15363, -15362, -15183, -15180, -15165, -15158, -15153, -15150, -15149, -15144,
        -15143, -15141, -15140, -15139, -15128, -15121, -15119, -15117, -15110, -15109, -14941, -14937, -14933, -14930, -14929, -14928,
        -14926, -14922, -14921, -14914, -14908, -14902, -14894, -14889, -14882, -14873, -14871, -14857, -14678, -14674, -14670, -14668,
        -14663, -14654, -14645, -14630, -14594, -14429, -14407, -14399, -14384, -14379, -14368, -14355, -14353, -14345, -14170, -14159,
        -14151, -14149, -14145, -14140, -14137, -14135, -14125, -14123, -14122, -14112, -14109, -14099, -14097, -14094, -14092, -14090,
        -14087, -14083, -13917, -13914, -13910, -13907, -13906, -13905, -13896, -13894, -13878, -13870, -13859, -13847, -13831, -13658,
        -13611, -13601, -13406, -13404, -13400, -13398, -13395, -13391, -13387, -13383, -13367, -13359, -13356, -13343, -13340, -13329,
        -13326, -13318, -13147, -13138, -13120, -13107, -13096, -13095, -13091, -13076, -13068, -13063, -13060, -12888, -12875, -12871,
        -12860, -12858, -12852, -12849, -12838, -12831, -12829, -12812, -12802, -12607, -12597, -12594, -12585, -12556, -12359, -12346,
        -12320, -12300, -12120, -12099, -12089, -12074, -12067, -12058, -12039, -11867, -11861, -11847, -11831, -11798, -11781, -11604,
        -11589, -11536, -11358, -11340, -11339, -11324, -11303, -11097, -11077, -11067, -11055, -11052, -11045, -11041, -11038, -11024,
        -11020, -11019, -11018, -11014, -10838, -10832, -10815, -10800, -10790, -10780, -10764, -10587, -10544, -10533, -10519, -10331,
        -10329, -10328, -10322, -10315, -10309, -10307, -10296, -10281, -10274, -10270, -10262, -10260, -10256, -10254 };
    const char pystr[396][7] = { "a", "ai", "an", "ang", "ao", "ba", "bai", "ban", "bang", "bao", "bei", "ben", "beng", "bi", "bian", "biao",
        "bie", "bin", "bing", "bo", "bu", "ca", "cai", "can", "cang", "cao", "ce", "ceng", "cha", "chai", "chan", "chang", "chao", "che", "chen",
        "cheng", "chi", "chong", "chou", "chu", "chuai", "chuan", "chuang", "chui", "chun", "chuo", "ci", "cong", "cou", "cu", "cuan", "cui",
        "cun", "cuo", "da", "dai", "dan", "dang", "dao", "de", "deng", "di", "dian", "diao", "die", "ding", "diu", "dong", "dou", "du", "duan",
        "dui", "dun", "duo", "e", "en", "er", "fa", "fan", "fang", "fei", "fen", "feng", "fo", "fou", "fu", "ga", "gai", "gan", "gang", "gao",
        "ge", "gei", "gen", "geng", "gong", "gou", "gu", "gua", "guai", "guan", "guang", "gui", "gun", "guo", "ha", "hai", "han", "hang",
        "hao", "he", "hei", "hen", "heng", "hong", "hou", "hu", "hua", "huai", "huan", "huang", "hui", "hun", "huo", "ji", "jia", "jian",
        "jiang", "jiao", "jie", "jin", "jing", "jiong", "jiu", "ju", "juan", "jue", "jun", "ka", "kai", "kan", "kang", "kao", "ke", "ken",
        "keng", "kong", "kou", "ku", "kua", "kuai", "kuan", "kuang", "kui", "kun", "kuo", "la", "lai", "lan", "lang", "lao", "le", "lei",
        "leng", "li", "lia", "lian", "liang", "liao", "lie", "lin", "ling", "liu", "long", "lou", "lu", "lv", "luan", "lue", "lun", "luo",
        "ma", "mai", "man", "mang", "mao", "me", "mei", "men", "meng", "mi", "mian", "miao", "mie", "min", "ming", "miu", "mo", "mou", "mu",
        "na", "nai", "nan", "nang", "nao", "ne", "nei", "nen", "neng", "ni", "nian", "niang", "niao", "nie", "nin", "ning", "niu", "nong",
        "nu", "nv", "nuan", "nue", "nuo", "o", "ou", "pa", "pai", "pan", "pang", "pao", "pei", "pen", "peng", "pi", "pian", "piao", "pie",
        "pin", "ping", "po", "pu", "qi", "qia", "qian", "qiang", "qiao", "qie", "qin", "qing", "qiong", "qiu", "qu", "quan", "que", "qun",
        "ran", "rang", "rao", "re", "ren", "reng", "ri", "rong", "rou", "ru", "ruan", "rui", "run", "ruo", "sa", "sai", "san", "sang",
        "sao", "se", "sen", "seng", "sha", "shai", "shan", "shang", "shao", "she", "shen", "sheng", "shi", "shou", "shu", "shua",
        "shuai", "shuan", "shuang", "shui", "shun", "shuo", "si", "song", "sou", "su", "suan", "sui", "sun", "suo", "ta", "tai",
        "tan", "tang", "tao", "te", "teng", "ti", "tian", "tiao", "tie", "ting", "tong", "tou", "tu", "tuan", "tui", "tun", "tuo",
        "wa", "wai", "wan", "wang", "wei", "wen", "weng", "wo", "wu", "xi", "xia", "xian", "xiang", "xiao", "xie", "xin", "xing",
        "xiong", "xiu", "xu", "xuan", "xue", "xun", "ya", "yan", "yang", "yao", "ye", "yi", "yin", "ying", "yo", "yong", "you",
        "yu", "yuan", "yue", "yun", "za", "zai", "zan", "zang", "zao", "ze", "zei", "zen", "zeng", "zha", "zhai", "zhan", "zhang",
        "zhao", "zhe", "zhen", "zheng", "zhi", "zhong", "zhou", "zhu", "zhua", "zhuai", "zhuan", "zhuang", "zhui", "zhun", "zhuo",
        "zi", "zong", "zou", "zu", "zuan", "zui", "zun", "zuo" };

    int chrasc = 0;

    char* pcReturnString = NULL;

    //unicode转换为ANSI
    int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, chrstr, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    char* nowchar = new char[length + 1];
    memset(nowchar, 0, length + 1);
    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, chrstr, -1, nowchar, length, 0, 0);

    //转换ANSI,字符部分不变，汉字转换成相应的拼音
    char *returnstr = new char[6 * length + 1];
    memset(returnstr, 0, 6 * length + 1);

    int offset = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < length;) // 循环处理字节数组
    {
        if (nowchar[j] >= 0 && nowchar[j] < 128) // 非汉字处理
        {
            returnstr[offset] = nowchar[j];
            offset++;
            j++;
            continue;
        }

        // 汉字处理
        chrasc = nowchar[j] * 256 + nowchar[j + 1] + 256;

        if (chrasc > 0 && chrasc < 160)
        {
            returnstr[offset] = nowchar[j];
            offset++;
            j++;
        }
        else
        {
            for (int i = (sizeof(pyvalue) / sizeof(pyvalue[0]) - 1); i >= 0; i--)
            {
                if (pyvalue[i] <= chrasc)
                {
                    strcpy(returnstr + offset, pystr[i]);

                    offset += strlen(pystr[i]);
                    break;
                }
            }
            j += 2;
        }
    }
    if (strlen(returnstr) > 0)
    {
        pcReturnString = new char[strlen(returnstr) + 1];
        memset(pcReturnString, 0, strlen(returnstr) + 1);
        strcpy(pcReturnString, returnstr);
    }
    delete[]returnstr;
    delete[]nowchar;

    return pcReturnString;

}

 4.关于字库的处理。(自行百度，效果更好)

void GetHZpinyin(unsigned int hz, std::vector<std::string>& pinyinArr)
{
    TCHAR ch = (TCHAR)hz;
    if (m_hz2PyObj == NULL)
    {
        m_hz2PyObj = new HZ2Pinyin;
        CString strAppPath = util::getAppPath();
        CString strDataFile = _T("hzpinyin.dat");
        std::string strFile = util::cStringToString(strAppPath + strDataFile);
        m_hz2PyObj->LoadData(strFile);
    }

    m_hz2PyObj->ObtainPinyin(hz, pinyinArr);
}

void ObtainPinyin(unsigned int word, std::vector<std::string>& pinyinArr)
{
    if (m_wordMap.empty())
    {
        return;
    }
    std::pair<HZ2PINYINMAP::iterator, HZ2PINYINMAP::iterator> iterRange = m_wordMap.equal_range(word);
    HZ2PINYINMAP::iterator pos = iterRange.first;
    HZ2PINYINMAP::iterator posEnd = iterRange.second;
    for (; pos != posEnd; ++pos)
    {
        pinyinArr.push_back(pos->second);
    }
}