zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 李晓菁201771010114《面向对象程序设计(Java)》第六周学习总结

    理论部分:

    第五章:继承

    1.继承用已有类来构建新类的一种机制。

    2..继承的特点:具有层次结构,子类继承了父类的域和方法。

    3.继承的优点:代码可重用性,父类的域和方法可用于子类,可以轻松定义子类,设计应用程序变得更加简单。

    4.类,超类,子类:

    class 新类名    extends已有类名

    已有类称为:超类,基类或父类。

    新类称为:子类 派生类。

    一般来说,子类比超类拥有的功能更加丰富。

    5.通过扩展超类定义子类时,仅需要指出超类与子类的不同之处。super是一个指示编译器调用超类方法的特有关键字。他不是一个对象的引用,不能将super赋值给另一个超类变量。

    若子类构造器没有显示的调用超类的构造器,则将自动的调用超类默认构造器。

    6.多态性:

    多态性泛指在程序中同一符号在不同情况下具有不同解释的现象。

    超类中定义的域或方法,被子类继承之后,可以具有不同的数据类型或表现出不同的行为。

    这使得同一域或方法在超类及其各个子类中具有不同的语义。

    实验六 继承定义与使用

    实验时间 2018-9-28

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 理解继承的定义;

    (2) 掌握子类的定义要求

    (3) 掌握多态性的概念及用法;

    (4) 掌握抽象类的定义及用途;

    (5) 掌握类中4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途;

    (6) 掌握抽象类的定义方法及用途;

    (7)掌握Object类的用途及常用API;

    (8) 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用法;

    (9) 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途。

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1: 导入第5章示例程序,测试并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    Ÿ 在elipse IDE中编辑、调试、运行程序5-1 (教材152页-153) ;

    Ÿ 掌握子类的定义及用法;

    Ÿ 结合程序运行结果,理解并总结OO风格程序构造特点,理解Employee和Manager类的关系子类的用途,并在代码中添加注释。

    package inheritance;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates inheritance.
     * 
     * @version 1.21 2004-02-21
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ManagerTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // construct a Manager object
            Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);// 执行完该行之后bonus为0
            boss.setBonus(5000);//set调用更改器方法将bonus改为5000
    
            Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];//定义一个Employee类,new后使用构造器方法并将该数组初始化为3。
    
            // fill the staff array with Manager and Employee objects
    
            staff[0] = boss;//boss是Employee类的子类对象。
            staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
            staff[2] = new Employee("Tommy Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
    //staff也是Employee类。
            // print out information about all Employee objects
            for (Employee e : staff)
                System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());//使用get调用访问器 方法
        }
    }
    package inheritance;
    
    public class Manager extends Employee
    {
       private double bonus;
    
       /**
        * @param name the employee's name
        * @param salary the salary
        * @param year the hire year
        * @param month the hire month
        * @param day the hire day
        */
       public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
       {
          super(name, salary, year, month, day);
          bonus = 0;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
          return baseSalary + bonus;
       }
    
       public void setBonus(double b)
       {
          bonus = b;
       }
    }
    package inheritance;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates inheritance.
     * @version 1.21 2004-02-21
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ManagerTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          // construct a Manager object
          Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          boss.setBonus(5000);
    
          Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
    
          // fill the staff array with Manager and Employee objects
    
          staff[0] = boss;
          staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
          staff[2] = new Employee("Tommy Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
    
          // print out information about all Employee objects
          for (Employee e : staff)
             System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
       }
    }

    运行结果:

    测试程序2:

    Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行教材PersonTest程序(教材163页-165页);

    Ÿ 掌握超类的定义及其使用要求;

    Ÿ 掌握利用超类扩展子类的要求;

    Ÿ 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

    /**
     * This program demonstrates abstract classes.
     * @version 1.01 2004-02-21
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class PersonTest//主类
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          Person[] people = new Person[2];
    
          //用Employee类和Student类填充people数组
          people[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
          people[1] = new Student("Maria Morris", "computer science");
    
          //打印出所有person类的名字和其他描述
          for (Person p : people)
             System.out.println(p.getName() + ", " + p.getDescription());
       }
    }
    public abstract class Person//抽象类:Person
    {
       public abstract String getDescription();
       private String name;//传建一个私有属性
    
       public Person(String name)//构造器
       {
          this.name = name;
       }
    
       public String getName()//访问器
       {
          return name;
       }
    }
    public class Student extends Person//子类:Student类继承Person类
    {
       private String major;//创建一个私有属性major
    
       /**
        * @param nama the student's name
        * @param major the student's major
        */
       public Student(String name, String major)//构造器
       {
        
          super(name);//子类直接调用超类中的name属性
          this.major = major;
       }
    
       public String getDescription()//访问器
       {
          return "a student majoring in " + major;
       }
    }
    import java.time.*;
    
    public class Employee extends Person//子类:Employee类继承Person类
    {
       private double salary;
       private LocalDate hireDay;
    //两个私有属性
       public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//构造器
       {
          super(name);//子类直接调用超类中的name
          this.salary = salary;
          hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }
    
       public LocalDate getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay;
       }
    
       public String getDescription()
       {
          return String.format("an employee with a salary of $%.2f", salary);
       }
    //访问器
       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
          salary += raise;
       }//定义两个局部变量
    }

    运行结果:

    测试程序3:

    Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10,结合程序运行结果理解程序(教材174页-177页);

    Ÿ 掌握Object类的定义及用法;

    Ÿ 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

    package equals;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates the equals method.
     * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class EqualsTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
          Employee alice2 = alice1;
          Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
          Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
    
          System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
    
          System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
    
          System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
    
          System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
    
          System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
    
          Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          boss.setBonus(5000);
          System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
          System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
          System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
          System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
          System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
          System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
       }
    }
    package equals;
    
    public class Manager extends Employee
    {
       private double bonus;
    
       public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
       {
          super(name, salary, year, month, day);
          bonus = 0;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
          return baseSalary + bonus;
       }
    
       public void setBonus(double bonus)
       {
          this.bonus = bonus;
       }
    
       public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
       {
          if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
          Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
          // 检查这个和其他属于同一个类
          return bonus == other.bonus;
       }
    
       public int hashCode()
       {
          return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
       }
    
       public String toString()
       {
          return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
       }
    }
    package equals;
    
    import java.time.*;
    import java.util.Objects;
    
    public class Employee
    {
       private String name;
       private double salary;
       private LocalDate hireDay;
    
       public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
       {
          this.name = name;
          this.salary = salary;
          hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
       }
    
       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }
    
       public LocalDate getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay;
       }
    
       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
          salary += raise;
       }
    
       public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
       {
          // 快速检查对象是否相同
    //       这里获得一个对象参数,第一个if语句判断两个引用是否是同一个,如果是那么这两个对象肯定相等
          if (this == otherObject) return true;
    
          // 如果显式参数为空,则必须返回false
          if (otherObject == null) return false;
    
    
          if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
    
         //    父类引用子类的对象的出现,然后再判断对象的属性是否相同
          Employee other = (Employee) otherObject;
    
          // 测试字段是否具有相同的值
          return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
       }
    
       public int hashCode()
    
       {
          return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
       }
    
       public String toString()
       {
          return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay
                + "]";
       }
    }

    运行结果:

    测试程序4

    Ÿ 在elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11(教材182页),结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    Ÿ 掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;

    Ÿ 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

    package arrayList;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
     * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ArrayListTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          // 用三个Employee对象填充staff数组列表
          ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>();
    
          staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
          staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
          staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
    
          // 把每个人的薪水提高5%
          for (Employee e : staff)
             e.raiseSalary(5);
    
          // 打印所有Employee对象的信息
          for (Employee e : staff)
             System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                   + e.getHireDay());
       }
    }
    //employee类:
    package
    arrayList; import java.time.*; public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } }

    运行结果:

    测试程序5:

    Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页),结合运行结果理解程序;

    Ÿ 掌握枚举类的定义及用法;

    Ÿ 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

    package enums;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
     * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class EnumTest
    {  
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {  
          Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
          System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
          String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
          Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);
          System.out.println("size=" + size);
          System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
          if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)//判断语句
             System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
       }
    }
    
    enum Size
    {
       SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");
    
       private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
       public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
    
       private String abbreviation;
    }

    运行结果;

    实验2编程练习1

    Ÿ 定义抽象类Shape

    属性:不可变常量double PI,值为3.14

    方法:public double getPerimeter();public double getArea())。

    Ÿ 让RectangleCircle继承自Shape类。

    Ÿ 编写double sumAllArea方法输出形状数组中的面积和和double sumAllPerimeter方法输出形状数组中的周长和。 

    Ÿ main方法中

    1输入整型值n,然后建立n个不同的形状。如果输入rect,则再输入长和宽。如果输入cir,则再输入半径。
    2) 然后输出所有的形状的周长之和,面积之和。并将所有的形状信息以样例的格式输出。
    3) 最后输出每个形状的类型与父类型,使用类似shape.getClass()(获得类型),shape.getClass().getSuperclass()(获得父类型);

    思考sumAllAreasumAllPerimeter方法放在哪个类中更合适?

    输入样例:

    3

    rect

    1 1

    rect

    2 2

    cir

    1

    输出样例:

    18.28

    8.14

    18.28

    8.14

    [Rectangle [width=1, length=1], Rectangle [width=2, length=2], Circle [radius=1]]

    class Rectangle,class Shape

    class Rectangle,class Shape

    class Circle,class Shape

    实验一代码及结果如下:

    主类:

    package demo1;
    
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class Text1 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存
            @SuppressWarnings("resource")
            Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
            String rect = "rect";
            String cir = "cir";
            System.out.println("请输入不同的形状个数:");
            int n = in.nextInt();
            shape[] num = new shape[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                System.out.println("请输入形状类型 (rect or cir):");
                String input = in.next();
                if (input.equals(rect)) {
                    System.out.println("长和宽");
                    double length = in.nextDouble();
                    double width = in.nextDouble();
                    System.out.println("Rectangle[" + "length:" + length + "  " + width + "]");
                    num[i] = new Rectangle(width, length);
                }
                if (input.equals(cir)) {
                    System.out.println("半径    ");
                    double radius = in.nextDouble();
                    System.out.println("Circle[" + "radius:" + radius + "]");
                    num[i] = new Circle(radius);
                }
            }
            Text1 c = new Text1();
            System.out.println("求和");
            System.out.println(c.sumAllPerimeter(num));
            System.out.println(c.sumAllArea(num));
    
            for (shape s : num) {
                System.out.println(s.getClass() + "," + s.getClass().getSuperclass());
            }
        }
    
        public double sumAllArea(shape score[]) {
            double sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < score.length; i++)
                sum += score[i].getArea();
            return sum;
        }
    
        public double sumAllPerimeter(shape score[]) {
            double sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < score.length; i++)
                sum += score[i].getPerimeter();
            return sum;
        }
    
    }

    抽象类Shape:

    public abstract class shape {
        double PI = 3.14;
    
        abstract double getPerimeter();
    
        abstract double getArea();
    }

    circle类:

    public  class Circle extends shape {
    
        
        private double radius;
        public Circle(double radius) {
            
        }
         public double getPerimeter()
            {
                double Perimeter=2*PI*radius;
                return Perimeter;
            }
            public double getArea()
            {
                double Area=PI*radius*radius;
                return Area;
            }
        }
     

    Rectangle类:

    public class Rectangle extends shape {
    
        private double length;
        private double width;
    
        public Rectangle(double width, double length) {
            
            this.length = length;
            this.width = width;
        }
        
    public double getPerimeter() {
        double Perimeter=2*(length + width);
            return  Perimeter ;
        }
    
        
        public double getArea() {
            double Area= length * width;
            return Area;
        }
    
    }

    运行结果:

    实验3 编程练习2

    编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中,输入一个身份证号或姓名,查询显示查询对象的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地。

    程序如下:

    package demo2;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class Demo2 {
    
        private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
            
            @SuppressWarnings("resource")
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    
            File file = new File("D:\身份证号\身份证号.txt");
    
            try {
    
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
    
                @SuppressWarnings("resource")
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                String temp = null;
                while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    
                    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
                    Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
    
                    linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                    String name = linescanner.next();
                    String number = linescanner.next();
                    String sex = linescanner.next();
                    String year = linescanner.next();
                    String province = linescanner.nextLine();
                    Student student = new Student();
                    student.setName(name);
                    student.setNumber(number);
                    student.setSex(sex);
                    student.setYear(year);
                    student.setProvince(province);
                    studentlist.add(student);
    
                }
    
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    
                System.out.println("所找信息文件找不到");
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                System.out.println("所找信息文件读取错误");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            boolean isTrue = true;
            while (isTrue) {
    
                System.out.println("欢迎来到信息查询系统,请选择你的操作");
                System.out.println("1.按姓名查询");
                System.out.println("2.按身份证号查询");
                System.out.println("3.退出");
                int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
                switch (nextInt) {
                case 1:
                    System.out.println("请输入姓名");
                    String studentname = scanner.next();
                    int nameint = findStudentByname(studentname);
                    if (nameint != -1) {
                        System.out.println("查找信息为:身份证号:" + studentlist.get(nameint).getNumber() + "    姓名:"
                                + studentlist.get(nameint).getName() + "    性别:" + studentlist.get(nameint).getSex()
                                + "    年龄:" + studentlist.get(nameint).getYear() + "  地址:"
                                + studentlist.get(nameint).getProvince());
    
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("不存在该人");
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    System.out.println("请输入身份证号");
                    String studentid = scanner.next();
                    int idint = findStudentByid(studentid);
                    if (idint != -1) {
                        System.out.println("查找信息为:身份证号:" + studentlist.get(idint).getNumber() + "    姓名:"
                                + studentlist.get(idint).getName() + "    性别:" + studentlist.get(idint).getSex() + "    年龄:"
                                + studentlist.get(idint).getYear() + "   地址:" + studentlist.get(idint).getProvince());
    
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("不存在该人");
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    isTrue = false;
                    System.out.println("程序已退出!");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("输入有误");
                }
            }
        }
    
        public static int findStudentByname(String name) {
            int flag = -1;
    
            for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                if (studentlist.get(i).getName().equals(name)) {
                    flag = i;
                }
            }
            return flag;
    
        }
    
        public static int findStudentByid(String id) {
            int flag = -1;
    
            for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                if (studentlist.get(i).getId().equals(id)) {
                    flag = i;
                }
            }
            return flag;
    
        }
    }

    封装类如下所示:

    public class Student {
        private String name;
        private String id;
        private String number;
        private String sex;
        private String year;
        private String province;
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
    
        }
        public String getNumber() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return number;
        }
        public void setNumber(String number) {
            this.number = number;
    
        }
    
        public String getSex() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return sex;
        }
        public void setSex(String sex) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            this.sex = sex;
    
        }
        public String getYear() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return year;
        }
    
        public void setYear(String year) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            this.year = year;
    
        }
        public String getProvince() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return province;
        }
    
        public void setProvince(String province) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            this.province = province;
    
        }
    }

    运行结果如下:

    实验总结:通过本次实验二让我更加明确了封装的概念,以及读取文件的操作,通过实验一让我更进一步的理解了继承的概念,在此次代码注释过程中,我发现了自己的不足之处在于,对有些代码还是不太清楚其语义,以及其含义,上次老师讲授代码的含义时,对我帮助极大,希望老师还可以选择讲一些代码的作用。这样在我自己学习时,就可结合老师的讲授去理解。

  • 相关阅读:
    Thrift官方安装手冊(译)
    从用python做zoj1011发生Non-zero Exit Code错误说起
    POJ 1637 Sightseeing tour(最大流)
    js中substr与substring的差别
    白话经典算法系列之七 堆与堆排序
    在基于阿里云serverCentOS6.5下安装Subversion 1.6.5服务
    Android研究之手PullToRefresh(ListView GridView 下拉刷新)使用具体解释
    java中获取系统属性以及环境变量
    sql中 in 、not in 、exists、not exists 使用方法和区别
    80x86汇编小站站长简单介绍-2014年08月23日
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/li-xiaojing/p/9725219.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看