xtrabackup全备+binlog模拟slave恢复到某一时间点-启用GTID

背景说明：3306端口数据库，做一次xtrabackup全备之后，删除表，模拟恢复到 3308 端口数据库。
采用模拟slave线程恢复的方式，速度更快。
当恢复的场景是从全备恢复某一张表时，也可以使用复制过滤功能，只应用对应表的binlog，不用全部binlog都恢复。
前提：数据库启用了GTID，即，my.cnf需要有如下参数：
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
gtid_mode = on 
log-bin = mysql-bin 
log-slave-updates = 1 
enforce-gtid-consistency = 1

先做一次完整备份：
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user root --password Jimstars /data/mysqlbak

执行完命令后，/data/mysqlbak 目录下会生成目录：2020-08-18_09-45-12

多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql -uroot -pJimstars -e "flush logs;"

插入测试数据
mysql -uroot -pJimstars scott -e "create table test_100(id int,name varchar(200));"
mysql -uroot -pJimstars scott -e "insert into test_100 values (20001,'full_bak');"


多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql -uroot -pJimstars -e "flush logs;"

再插入测试数据
mysql -uroot -pJimstars scott -e "insert into test_100 values (20002,'full_bak2');"

多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql -uroot -pJimstars -e "flush logs;"

再插入测试数据
mysql -uroot -pJimstars scott -e "insert into test_100 values (20003,'full_bak3');"

多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql -uroot -pJimstars -e "flush logs;"


假设在这里误删除了表
root@localhost:mysql.sock/scott> drop table test_100;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

root@localhost:mysql.sock/scott> show master status;
+---------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File                      | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set                        |
+---------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| VM_0_15_centos-bin.000008 |      382 |              |                  | 5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:1-5 |
+---------------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)



多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql -uroot -pJimstars -e "flush logs;"


创建另外的测试表，作为对比参考，如果是按照指定点恢复，下面创建的表不应该被恢复出来
mysql -uroot -pJimstars scott -e "create table test_200 like t1;"
mysql -uroot -pJimstars scott -e "insert into test_200 select * from t1;"


解析binlog，找到误删除操作对应的 GTID ：
mysqlbinlog --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv -d scott /data/mysql/VM_0_15_centos-bin.000008 > /tmp/scott.log



[root@VM_0_15_centos 2020-08-18_09-45-12]#  grep -C 30 test_100 /tmp/scott.log 
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#200818  9:46:20 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0xc766ec26     Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.22-log created 200818  9:46:20
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
# at 123
#200818  9:46:20 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 194 CRC32 0xadd61034     Previous-GTIDs
# 5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:1-4
# at 194
#200818  9:46:34 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 259 CRC32 0x890daa29     GTID    last_committed=0    sequence_number=1    rbr_only=no
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:5'/*!*/;
# at 259
#200818  9:46:34 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 382 CRC32 0xcc983992     Query    thread_id=19    exec_time=0    error_code=0
use `scott`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1597715194/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=19/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=268435456/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!C utf8mb4 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
DROP TABLE `test_100` /* generated by server */
/*!*/;
# at 382
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 447 CRC32 0xd66b6450     GTID    last_committed=1    sequence_number=2    rbr_only=no
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:6'/*!*/;
# at 447
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 544 CRC32 0xbacbb61a     Query    thread_id=21    exec_time=0    error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1597715385/*!*/;
create table test_200 like t1
/*!*/;
# at 544
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 609 CRC32 0xef101783     GTID    last_committed=2    sequence_number=3    rbr_only=yes
/*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:7'/*!*/;
# at 609
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 682 CRC32 0x8360492f     Query    thread_id=22    exec_time=0    error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1597715385/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 682
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 739 CRC32 0xac7ea76e     Table_map: `scott`.`test_200` mapped to number 1078
# at 739
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 8951 CRC32 0x20e90ae5     Write_rows: table id 1078
# at 8951
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 17163 CRC32 0x36bec563     Write_rows: table id 1078
# at 17163
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 25375 CRC32 0x4b45b983     Write_rows: table id 1078
# at 25375
#200818  9:49:45 server id 2003306  end_log_pos 27005 CRC32 0x4a32b241     Write_rows: table id 1078 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `scott`.`test_200`
### SET


 
从上述日志，可以得出我们要找出的点为： 5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:5


备份文件xtrabackup_binlog_info中找到备份对应的binlog位置
[root@VM_0_15_centos 2020-08-18_09-45-12]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info 
VM_0_15_centos-bin.000001    154    
 
 
恢复全备，这里采用恢复本地端口 3306的数据库 恢复到 3308 
innobackupex --apply-log /data/mysqlbak/2020-08-18_09-45-12
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my_3308.cnf --copy-back /data/mysqlbak/2020-08-18_09-45-12
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql_3308 


拷贝binlog 到 /data/mysql_3308 
cp /data/mysql/VM_0_15_centos-bin.0* /data/mysql_3308 
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql_3308


将binlog改名为relay log 
rename "bin" "relay-bin" VM_0_15_centos-bin.0*
ls ./VM_0_15_centos-relay-bin.0* > mysql-relay.index
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql_3308


[mysqld] 中设置参数 
relay_log = /data/mysql_3308/mysql-relay.index

# server_id 必须设置和原来实例的 server_id 不一样，不然不会应用 binlog 
server_id=2003308
# relay_log_recovery=1时，relay log 会在MySQL重启、复制线程启动时被清除
relay_log_recovery=0
# 开启并行复制
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK 
# 设置work线程数量 
slave_parallel_workers=8 
# 设置redo log异步刷盘，每秒1次
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 
# 设置binlog刷盘策略
sync_binlog = 0

 

启动MySQL。
mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my_3308.cnf &


查看 xtrabackup_binlog_info 里面记录的GTID 信息，恢复全备后的新库中执行：
mysql> reset master;
mysql> set global gtid_purged='5c5286d8-5863-a94c-96e7-02000aba3dad:1-3322473';


建立复制通道：
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='1.1.1.1',RELAY_LOG_FILE='VM_0_15_centos-relay-bin.000001',RELAY_LOG_POS=154;


确认slave sql thread的起始位置和设置的一样
mysql> select * from mysql.slave_relay_log_info;


启动复制前，如果只需要恢复指定表，可以使用复制过滤功能，加快binlog回放速度：
mysql> CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE = ('scott.test_100');


启动复制线程，到误删除那个事务停止：
mysql> START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS = '5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:5';


如果是恢复全部binlog，则
mysql> start slave sql_thread;


恢复到生产环境
binlog应用结束后可以从error log中看到提示信息：
2020-08-18T02:04:03.842356Z 2 [Note] 'CHANGE MASTER TO FOR CHANNEL '' executed'. Previous state master_host='', master_port= 3306, master_log_file='', master_log_pos= 4, master_bind=''. New state master_host='1.1.1.1', master_port= 3306, master_log_file='', master_log_pos= 4, master_bind=''.
2020-08-18T02:04:16.643065Z 3 [Note] Slave SQL thread for channel '' initialized, starting replication in log 'FIRST' at position 0, relay log '/data/mysql_3308/VM_0_15_centos-relay-bin.000001' position: 154
2020-08-18T02:04:16.718389Z 3 [Note] Slave SQL thread stopped because it reached UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS 5c5286d8-a94c-11ea-9333-52540088b727:5


接下来把误操作的表导出，再导入到生产环境。